Part 1 Permanent Termination of Parental Custody by Reason of Permanent Neglect
Part 1-A Modification of Disposition; Restoration of Parental Rights
Part 2 Adoption
Part 3 Custody
Part 4 Guardianship
Part 5 Warrant

Terms Used In New York Laws > Family Court > Article 6 - Permanent Termination of Parental Rights, Adoption, Guardianship and Custody

  • Academic year: shall mean the regular school year beginning July first and ending June thirtieth. See N.Y. Education Law 651
  • Account owner: shall mean a person who enters into a tuition savings agreement pursuant to the provisions of this article, including a person who enters into such an agreement as a fiduciary or agent on behalf of a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Accumulated contributions: shall mean the sum of all the amounts deducted from the compensation of a contributor, and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund together with regular interest thereon. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Acquittal:
    1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
    2. A verdict of "not guilty."
     
  • Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
  • Adopter: means any faculty member or academic department at institutions of higher learning responsible for considering and choosing textbooks and/or supplemental materials to be utilized in connection with the accredited courses taught at institutions of higher education. See N.Y. Education Law 720
  • Adoption: means the delivery to any natural person eighteen years of age or older, for the limited purpose of harboring a pet, of any dog or cat, seized or surrendered. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • Agricultural and farmland protection: means the preservation, conservation, management or improvement of lands which are part of viable farming operations, for the purpose of encouraging such lands to remain in agricultural production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • Agricultural assessment value: means the value per acre assigned to land for assessment purposes determined pursuant to the capitalized value of production procedure prescribed by section three hundred four-a of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Agricultural data statement: means an identification of farm operations within an agricultural district located within five hundred feet of the boundary of property upon which an action requiring municipal review and approval by the planning board, zoning board of appeals, town board, or village board of trustees pursuant to article sixteen of the town law or article seven of the village law is proposed, as provided in section three hundred five-b of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Agricultural tourism: means activities, including the production of maple sap and pure maple products made therefrom, conducted by a farmer on-farm for the enjoyment and/or education of the public, which primarily promote the sale, marketing, production, harvesting or use of the products of the farm and enhance the public's understanding and awareness of farming and farm life. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Agricultural use value: means the fair market value of a property that is restricted by an easement to its productive commercial agricultural use value rather than the highest and/or best potential use value for residential or other non-agricultural purposes. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
  • Animal: as used in this article , includes every living creature except a human being;
    N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
  • Animal: means a dog or a cat. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
  • Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
  • Annuity: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from contributions made by contributor as provided in this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Annuity reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any annuity, or benefit in lieu of any annuity, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Apiary products operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of land owned by the operation, upon which bee hives are located and maintained for the purpose of producing, harvesting and storing apiary products for sale. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Beneficiary: shall mean any person in receipt of a retirement allowance or other benefit as provided by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Bequest: Property gifted by will.
  • board: means the board of trustees of the state university of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • Borrower: shall mean a student attending a covered institution in this state, or a parent or person in parental relation to such student, who also obtains an educational loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • borrower: shall mean (i) a student who is a resident of New York state attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college, or (ii) the parent, legal guardian, or sponsor, as defined by the corporation in regulation, of a student attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college who is a resident of New York state, and who obtains an education loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses under this program. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • Clinic: shall mean a facility located either within or outside of a state university health care facility providing services related to the medical education mission of the university, but shall not include state university student health services. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • College: shall mean any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Education Law 601
  • Commercial equine operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of at least seven acres and stabling at least ten horses, regardless of ownership, that receives ten thousand dollars or more in gross receipts annually from fees generated through the provision of commercial equine activities including, but not limited to riding lessons, trail riding activities or training of horses or through the production for sale of crops, livestock, and livestock products, or through both the provision of such commercial equine activities and such production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Commercial horse boarding operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of at least seven acres and boarding at least ten horses, regardless of ownership, that receives ten thousand dollars or more in gross receipts annually from fees generated either through the boarding of horses or through the production for sale of crops, livestock, and livestock products, or through both such boarding and such production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-BB
  • Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the State of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • comptroller: means the comptroller of the state of New York with respect to the state university or the appropriate fiscal officer with respect to other employers. See N.Y. Education Law 398
  • Comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Computerized test: means any test form administered to test subjects by means of a computer. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
  • Construction: includes construction of new buildings, acquisition of existing buildings, and expansion, remodeling, alteration, and renovation of existing buildings, and initial equipment of such new, newly acquired, expanded, remodeled, altered or renovated buildings;
    N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Consumer: means any person other than a milk dealer who purchases milk for fluid consumption. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Consumer: means any individual purchasing an animal from a pet dealer. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Contributor: shall mean any member of the retirement system who has an account in the annuity savings fund as provided by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Conversion: means an outward or affirmative act changing the use of agricultural land and shall not mean the nonuse or idling of such land. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
  • Covered institution: shall mean any college, vocational institution, or approved program as defined in section six hundred one of this title. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Covered institution employee: shall mean any employee, agent, contractor, director, officer or trustee of a covered institution. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • cruelty: includes every act, omission, or neglect, whereby unjustifiable physical pain, suffering or death is caused or permitted. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Designated beneficiary: shall mean , with respect to an account or accounts, the individual designated as the individual whose higher education expenses are expected to be paid from the account or accounts. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Direct marketing: means the sale of farm and food products directly from producers to consumers and food buyers. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
  • Director: means the director of the division of milk control. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • dispositional hearing: means a hearing to determine what order of disposition should be made in accordance with the best interests of the child. See N.Y. Family Court Law 623
  • Division: means the division of milk control created by this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
  • Donated farm salvage: shall mean an agricultural crop that is unharvested, surplus or unmarketable but otherwise nutritious and edible. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 217
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • Dormitory facilities revenue fund: means the fund established pursuant to section sixteen hundred eighty-q of the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • Dormitory facilities revenues: means all moneys, including rents, fees and charges, derived from the use or occupancy of dormitory facilities. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • Dormitory facility: means a dormitory, as such term is defined in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section sixteen hundred seventy-six of the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • education department optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to part V of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 180
  • Education loan: shall mean any loan that is made under this program to finance or refinance higher education expenses at an eligible college. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Educational loan: shall mean any loan that is made, insured, or guaranteed under Part B of Title IV of the Federal Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, any high risk loan or any private loan issued by a lending institution for the purposes of paying for or financing higher education expenses. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • electing employer: means a community college which elects to offer the optional retirement program as herein provided. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) Source: OCC
  • Eligible co-signer: shall mean a parent, legal guardian or otherwise credit worthy individual over twenty-one years of age who satisfies applicable credit criteria approved by the corporation and is a resident of New York state. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Eligible college: shall mean a post-secondary institution, located within New York state, eligible for funds under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, or successor statute offering a two-year, four-year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Eligible educational institution: shall mean (a) any institution of higher education defined as an eligible educational institution in section 529 (e)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or (b) any apprenticeship program described in section 529 (c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • eligible employees: means those employees in positions requiring the performance of educational functions in teacher education, agriculture, home economics, forestry, ceramics, liberal and applied arts and sciences, engineering, technical skills, crafts, business education, labor and industrial relations, medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, nursing, law, public affairs, maritime officer training, academic administration, library service, student activities, student personnel service and other professions required to carry on the work of the state university and the colleges, schools, institutes, research centers, facilities and institutions comprising it and of the community colleges. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • employee: means a person employed by the state university, the board of higher education of the city of New York, or a community college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 398
  • employer: means the state university of New York, the board of higher education of the city of New York, or a community college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 398
  • Employer: shall mean the state of New York, the city, the village, school district board or trustee, or other agency of and within the state by which a teacher is paid. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
  • Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Executrix: The female counterpart of an executor. See also
  • fact-finding hearing: means in the case of a petition for the commitment of the guardianship and custody of a child, a hearing to determine whether the allegations required by paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of subdivision one of section six hundred fourteen are supported by clear and convincing proof. See N.Y. Family Court Law 622
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • family tuition account: shall mean an individual savings account established in accordance with the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Farm and food product: means any agricultural, horticultural, forest, or other product of the soil or water that has been grown, harvested, or produced wholly within the state of New York. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
  • Farm animal: as used in this article , means any ungulate, poultry, species of cattle, sheep, swine, goats, llamas, horses or fur-bearing animals, as defined in section 11-1907 of the environmental conservation law, which are raised for commercial or subsistence purposes. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
  • Farm operation: means the land and on-farm buildings, equipment, manure processing and handling facilities, and practices which contribute to the production, preparation and marketing of crops, livestock and livestock products as a commercial enterprise, including a "commercial horse boarding operation" as defined in subdivision thirteen of this section, a "timber operation" as defined in subdivision fourteen of this section, "compost, mulch or other biomass crops" as defined in subdivision seventeen of this section and "commercial equine operation" as defined in subdivision eighteen of this section. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Farm woodland: means land used for the production of woodland products intended for sale, including but not limited to logs, lumber, posts and firewood. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Federal student aid programs: shall mean the programs of the United States government making financial aid available to pay for the cost of attending post-secondary institutions and established under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, or any successor statute. See N.Y. Education Law 651
  • Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Final average salary: shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during the five years of service immediately preceding his date of retirement, or it shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during any five consecutive years of state service, said five years to be selected by the applicant prior to date of retirement. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Financial organization: shall mean an organization authorized to do business in the state of New York and (a) which is an authorized fiduciary to act as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time, or an insurance company; and (b)(i) is licensed or chartered by the department of financial services, (ii) is chartered by an agency of the federal government, (iii) is subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of the securities and exchange commission of the federal government, or (iv) is any other entity otherwise authorized to act in this state as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • First-instance processing: shall mean the washing, grading and packaging of farm and food products in connection with a farmers' market. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
    • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
    • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
    • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
  • food salvager: as used in this article , means a person engaged in the business of reconditioning, labeling, relabeling, packing, repacking, sorting, cleaning, culling, or by other means salvaging food or food products, single service food containers and utensils, soda straws, paper napkins or any product of a similar nature that may have become damaged, contaminated, adulterated or misbranded as a result of fire, flood, transit wreck, accident or other cause, or by water, smoke, chemicals, or any other adulterating agents. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 217
  • Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Gainful occupation: includes any employment for which a compensation is paid either in goods and/or in services; practice of a profession; self-employment; homemaking, farm or family work (including work for which payment is in kind rather than in cash); sheltered employment; and home industries or other gainful homebound work. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Gift: shall mean any discount, favor, gratuity, inducement, loan, stock, thing of value, or other item having more than nominal value. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. Source: Federal Reserve
  • Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
  • Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
  • Gross sales: means the proceeds from the sale of:
    N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
  • Handicapped person: means any person who in the judgment of the department is under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment but which is of such a nature that vocational rehabilitation services may reasonably be expected to render him fit to engage in gainful employment, and also any person under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment and for whom vocational rehabilitation services are necessary to ascertain his rehabilitation potential. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • health professionals: means persons duly licensed or otherwise authorized to practice a health profession pursuant to applicable law, including, but not limited to, physicians, registered professional nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians assistants, optometrists, dentists, dental hygienists, dietitians and nutritionists, and audiologists. See N.Y. Education Law 902
  • Hemp: means the plant Cannabis sativa L. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
  • High risk loans: shall mean any agreement between a lending institution and a covered institution that provides for the lending institution to provide loans to students with a poor or no credit history, who would otherwise not be eligible for educational loans. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Higher education expenses: shall mean the cost of attendance at an eligible college and shall include tuition and fees, books, room and board, and other educationally related expenses, as determined by the corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Higher education expenses: shall include the following:
    N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Holder: shall mean , with respect to an education loan:
    (i) a lender; (ii) a public benefit corporation authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans pursuant to the public authorities law; or (iii) any assignee of such lender or public benefit corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
  • Individuals with severe disabilities: means persons for whom competitive employment has either not traditionally occurred or has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of having a permanent and substantially disabling physical, sensory, or mental condition. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Institution of higher education: means :
    (a) any of the colleges and universities described in subdivision three of section three hundred fifty-two of the education law;
    (b) a college established and operated pursuant to the provisions of article one hundred twenty-six of the education law, and providing two-year or four-year post-secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects and receiving financial assistance from the state;
    (c) the city university of New York, as defined in subdivision two of section sixty-two hundred two of the education law; and
    (d) a not-for-profit two or four-year university or college given the power to confer associate, baccalaureate or higher degrees in this state by the legislature or by the regents under article five of the education law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
  • Institution of higher education: means any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Education Law 720
  • insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • insurer: means a life insurance corporation or other corporation subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 398
  • insurer: means a life insurance corporation, or other corporation, subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 180
  • Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
  • Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement
  • Joint session: When both chambers of a legislature adopt a concurrent resolution to meet together.
  • Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Land used in agricultural production: means not less than seven acres of land used as a single operation in the preceding two years for the production for sale of crops, livestock or livestock products of an average gross sales value of ten thousand dollars or more; or, not less than seven acres of land used in the preceding two years to support a commercial horse boarding operation or a commercial equine operation with annual gross receipts of ten thousand dollars or more. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
  • lawyer: shall mean an attorney or counselor governed by article fifteen of the judiciary law, who receives remuneration or other compensation from a school district or board of cooperative educational services in exchange for legal services provided to such district or board. See N.Y. Education Law 2050
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
  • Lend: shall include one or more of the following services: the origination, disbursement, servicing, and/or collection of any student or parent education loan made by or on behalf of a lending institution a government entity, or an institution of higher education for the purpose of paying for higher education expenses as well as serving as a secondary market for these loans. See N.Y. Education Law 651
  • lender: shall mean any entity that itself or through an affiliate originates education loans, other than an entity authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans through the issuance of bonds pursuant to the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Lending institution: shall mean :
    N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • License: means a license, permit or registration issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
  • Licensee: means a licensed milk dealer. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Local district pension system: shall mean any teachers' retirement system or other arrangement for the payment of pensions or annuities to teachers exclusive of the retirement fund, created in any city or school district of this state prior to the first day of August, nineteen hundred twenty-one. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • local sponsor: shall mean any municipality, district or school district, as defined in the general municipal law, or any combination thereof. See N.Y. Education Law 272
  • local sponsor: means any city, county, intermediate school district, or school district approved by the board, sponsoring or participating in the establishment or operation of a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • locker plant: shall mean any building, or portion thereof, under such chemical refrigeration, in which individual compartments or lockers, each of not more than one hundred cubic feet capacity, are rented for the purpose of freezer storage of articles of food. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
  • Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
  • Management contract: shall mean the contract executed by the comptroller and a financial organization selected to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Milk broker: means any person who buys and sells milk for licensees on a fee or commission basis or who arranges for or negotiates contracts to buy or sell milk among licensees. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Milk dealer: means any person who purchases, handles or sells milk, or bargains for the purchase or sale of milk, including brokers and agents. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Milk production area: as used in this article means those dairy farms maintained primarily as a source of fluid milk for a marketing area. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-L
  • Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC
  • New entrant: shall mean any teacher who is a member of the retirement system except a present teacher. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
  • Nonpublic school: means any nonprofit elementary or secondary school in the State of New York, other than a public school, which (i) is providing instruction in accordance with article seventeen and section thirty-two hundred four of this chapter, (ii) has not been found to be in violation of Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Nonqualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account but shall not mean:
    N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Not-for-profit conservation organization: means an organization as defined in subdivision two of section 49-0303 of the environmental conservation law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • nucs: shall mean small honey bee colonies created from larger colonies including the nuc box, which is a smaller version of a beehive, designed to hold up to five frames from an existing colony. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • Outlays: Outlays are payments made (generally through the issuance of checks or disbursement of cash) to liquidate obligations. Outlays during a fiscal year may be for payment of obligations incurred in prior years or in the same year.
  • Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
  • Parent: means a legal resident of the state of New York with a New York taxable income of under five thousand dollars who is a parent, stepparent, adoptive parent and the spouse of an adoptive parent of a pupil enrolled in a nonpublic school, or a resident with such taxable income standing in loco parentis to such pupil. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Part: means each portion of a test for which a score is calculated. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Pension: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from payments made by an employer as provided in this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Pension reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any pension, or benefit in lieu of any pension, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • permanently neglected child: shall mean permanently neglected child as defined in subdivision seven of section three hundred eighty-four-b of the social services law, and unless the context requires otherwise, the provisions of such section three hundred eighty-four-b shall be deemed applicable requirements in addition to the procedures contained in this part. See N.Y. Family Court Law 611
  • Person: means any person, firm, corporation, co-partnership, association, co-operative corporation or unincorporated co-operative association. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Person: means any person, firm, corporation, co-partnership, association, co-operative corporation or unincorporated co-operative association. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-BB
  • Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, municipality, or other legal entity. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • pet: means any dog or cat, and shall also mean any other domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for such other domesticated animal. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
  • Pet Dealer: means any person who engages in the sale or offering for sale of more than nine animals per year for profit to the public. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plan: means the county and municipal agricultural and farmland protection plan as provided for in this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Preferred lender list: shall mean a list of one or more recommended or suggested lending institutions that a covered institution makes available for use, in print or any other medium or form, by borrowers, potential borrowers or others. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Present teacher: shall mean any teacher who was a teacher on or before the first day of August, nineteen hundred twenty-one, whose membership in the retirement system created by this article has been continuous and a. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • President: shall mean the president of the corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
  • President: shall mean the president of the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 601
  • President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
  • Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Processing of hemp in connection with its growing and cultivation: means the growing, cultivation, cloning, harvesting, drying, curing, grinding and trimming of hemp plants. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
  • Producer: means a person producing milk. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Producer: means any person who grows, produces, or causes to be grown or produced any farm and food products in New York state. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
  • Program: means the state agricultural and farmland protection program created pursuant to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • Program: shall mean the New York Higher Education Loan Program established by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Program: shall mean the New York state college choice tuition savings program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Program manager: shall mean a financial organization selected by the comptroller to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
  • public library system: as used in this article means:
    (1) A library established by one or more counties. See N.Y. Education Law 272
  • Public or private agencies: means any department, division, bureau, or program of the federal or state government, or local governments, public benefit corporations, private non-profit organizations, or educational institutions. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
  • Public or private agency: shall mean any agency of federal, state or local government, regional market authority, public benefit corporation, not-for-profit corporation, cooperative corporation or educational institution. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
  • Publisher: means any publishing house, publishing firm, or publishing company that publishes textbooks and supplemental materials. See N.Y. Education Law 720
  • Pupil: means a resident of the state of New York who has been enrolled full-time in a nonpublic school and whose parents' combined taxable income is less than five thousand dollars. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Pupil: means a child for whom transportation aid is paid and who lives more than one and one-half miles from the school which he or she attends, measured by the nearest available road to such school, or a child who lives more than one mile from an approved route, measured by the nearest available road to such route, and also lives more than one and one-half miles from the school which he or she attends. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • pure honey: as used in this article , shall mean the nectar of flowers that has been transformed by, and is the natural product of the honey-bee, taken from the honeycomb and marketed in a liquid, candied or granulated condition. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 205
  • Qualified higher education expenses: shall mean any qualified higher education expense included in section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Qualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account to pay the qualified higher education expenses of the designated beneficiary of the account at an eligible educational institution. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
  • reference and research library resources system: as used in this article means a duly chartered educational institution resulting from the association of a group of institutions of higher education, libraries, non-profit educational institutions, hospitals, and other institutions organized to improve reference and research library resources service. See N.Y. Education Law 272
  • refrigerated warehouse: shall mean any establishment or structure, or portion thereof, where space is rented or hired for the storage of food at or below the temperature of forty-five degrees Fahrenheit for more than thirty days. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
  • refrigeration: shall mean the storage or keeping of articles of food in a refrigerated warehouse at or below a temperature above zero of forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
  • Regional or joint transportation system: means a transportation system in which a school district participates pursuant to a contract executed in accordance with paragraph h of subdivision twenty-five of section seventeen hundred nine of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • Regular school year: means all of the months of the calendar year exclusive of July and August. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Rehabilitation facility: means a facility, operated for the principal purpose of assisting in the rehabilitation of handicapped persons and
    N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
  • Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Retirement allowance: shall mean the pension plus the annuity. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Retirement board: shall mean the retirement board provided by section five hundred four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Retirement fund: shall mean the state teachers' retirement fund for public school teachers of the state of New York as created by chapter one hundred forty of the laws of nineteen hundred ten, chapter four hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eleven, chapter forty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fourteen, chapter one hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred nineteen and chapter one hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-three. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Retirement system: shall mean the New York state teachers' retirement system provided for in section five hundred two of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Revenue sharing: shall mean any arrangement whereby a lending institution pays a covered institution or an affiliated entity or organization of such covered institution a percentage of the principal of each loan directed towards the lending institution from a borrower at the covered institution. See N.Y. Education Law 620
  • Route: means a highway or highways over and upon which a school bus regularly travels in accordance with a schedule maintained for the transportation of pupils from their homes to school. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • salary: means all amounts paid by or for the state as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee holding a position with the state university or by or for a community college as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee holding a position at such college. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • salary: means that amount fixed by or pursuant to law and paid by or for an employer to an employee as compensation for services rendered by the employee to the employer. See N.Y. Education Law 398
  • School bus: means any vehicle or other means of conveyance used for the purpose of transporting pupils. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • School district: means common school districts, to the extent that they provide transportation of students in grades seven through twelve to a school outside the district, consolidated school districts, central school districts, central high school districts, union free school districts, except special act school districts as defined in section four thousand one of this chapter, and city school districts. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • Service: shall mean actual teaching or supervision by the teacher during regular school hours of the day, and shall mean governmental service in the state of New York in another capacity where the teacher was a member of the New York state employees retirement system, and where such service was credited to the teacher in the said New York state employees retirement system. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • silvopasturing: shall mean the intentional combination of trees, forages and livestock managed as a single integrated practice for the collective benefit of each, including the planting of appropriate grasses and legume forages among trees for sound grazing and livestock husbandry. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Soil and water conservation district: means an entity as defined in subdivision one of section three of the soil and water conservation districts law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
  • state university: means the state university of New York and the term "community college" means a college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 390
  • State university health care facility: shall mean a hospital, as defined in section twenty-eight hundred one of the public health law, operated by the state university, or a clinic, as defined in subdivision six of this section, of a state university health sciences center at Brooklyn, Buffalo, Stony Brook and Syracuse, or the College of Optometry. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Storage: shall mean a facility or equipment with a refrigerated, controlled atmosphere, or other enclosed unit used for the purpose of long-term storage of farm and food products in connection with a farmers' market. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
  • Storage: means any school bus garage facilities or sites which may be approved by the commissioner. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
  • Store: means an individual business establishment at one location including a grocery store, hotel, restaurant, soda fountain, dairy products store, automatic milk vending machine, gasoline station or a similar mercantile establishment offering goods and/or services at retail to individual consumers. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
  • Student: shall mean any individual who is enrolled at least half-time, as defined by the commissioner, in a two year, four year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program at an eligible college. See N.Y. Education Law 690
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Substantial handicap to employment: means that a physical or mental disability (in the light of attendant medical, psychological, vocational, educational, cultural, social or environmental factors) impedes an individual's occupational performance, by preventing his obtaining, retaining, or preparing for a gainful occupation consistent with his capacities and abilities. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Supplemental materials: means materials that supplement the primary textbook or textbooks that come in the form of another book, online technologies, a workbook, CD-ROM, or any other format, and that can be used by a faculty member or a student during the teaching of a course. See N.Y. Education Law 720
  • Supported employment: means paid competitive work performed by individuals with severe disabilities who require intensive support services to obtain such employment and extended support to sustain such employment, and which is performed in an integrated setting which provides regular interactions with individuals who do not have disabilities, other than paid caregivers. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Supported employment services: means support services needed by individuals with severe disabilities to obtain and sustain supported employment. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Taxable income: means the amount of combined net taxable income, if any, of both parents computed in accordance with the provisions of section six hundred eleven of the tax law computed without the benefit of the modification of federal adjusted gross income for nonpublic school tuition pursuant to paragraph (14) of subsection (c) of section six hundred twelve of the tax law, for the year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Teacher: shall mean any regular teacher, special teacher, including any school librarian or physical training teacher, principal, vice-principal, supervisor, supervisory principal, director, superintendent, city superintendent, assistant city superintendent, district superintendent and other member of the teaching or professional staff of any class, public school, vocational school, truant reformatory school or parental school, and of any or all classes of schools within the state of New York, including schools on the Indian reservation, conducted under the order and superintendence of and wholly or partly at the expense of the New York state education department or of a duly elected board of education, board of school directors or board of trustees of the state or of any city or school district thereof, provided that no person shall be deemed a teacher within the meaning of this article who is not so employed for full time outside vacation periods. See N.Y. Education Law 501
  • test: means any test that is given in New York at the expense of the test subject and designed for use and used in the process of selection for post-secondary or professional school admissions. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Test agency: means any organization, association, corporation, partnership, or individual or person that develops, sponsors or administers a test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Test form: means the test booklet or instrument used for each part of each test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Test subject: means an individual to whom a test is administered. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Test year: means the twelve-month period commencing September first during which the test agency administers a particular test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
  • Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Textbook: means any textbook that is adopted for a course, as determined by the faculty member or members or entity charged with choosing that textbook. See N.Y. Education Law 720
  • Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • Tuition: means the amount actually paid by a parent for the enrollment of a pupil at a nonpublic school for the calendar year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Education Law 561
  • Tuition savings agreement: shall mean an agreement between the comptroller or a financial organization and the account owner. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
  • under this part: shall be deemed references to petitions and proceedings initiated under section three hundred eighty-four-b of the social services law upon the ground that the child is a permanently neglected child. See N.Y. Family Court Law 611
  • Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC
  • University centers: shall mean the university centers at Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo and Stony Brook. See N.Y. Education Law 350
  • Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
  • Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC
  • Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
  • Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • Viable agricultural land: means land highly suitable for a farm operation as defined in this section. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
  • Vocational rehabilitation services: means :
    N.Y. Education Law 1002
  • Voice vote: A vote in which the Presiding Officer states the question, then asks those in favor and against to say "Yea" or "Nay," respectively, and announces the result according to his or her judgment. The names or numbers of legisators voting on each side are not recorded.
  • Workshop: means a place where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on and which is operated for the principle purpose of providing gainful employment to severely handicapped persons (a) as an interim step in the rehabilitation process for those who cannot be absorbed in the competitive labor market; or (b) during such time as employment opportunities for them in the competitive labor market do not exist. See N.Y. Education Law 1002