The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
State Law
North Dakota
includes not only the verdict of a jury, but also the finding upon the facts of a judge or of a master appointed to determine the issues in a cause North Dakota Code 1-01-41
South Dakota
includes not only the verdict of a jury, but also the finding upon the facts of a judge, or of a referee appointed to determine the issues in a cause South Dakota Codified Laws 2-14-2