Article 1 General Provisions and Legislative Findings
Article 2 Definitions
Article 5 Agency Requirements
Article 6 Conditions of Disclosure
Article 7 Accounting of Disclosures
Article 8 Access to Records and Administrative Remedies
Article 9 Civil Remedies
Article 10 Penalties
Article 11 Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 12 Construction With Other Laws

Terms Used In California Codes > Civil Code > Division 3 > Part 4 > Title 1.8 > Chapter 1 - Information Practices Act of 1977

  • Abstract of judgment: In a federal criminal proceeding, A certification from a U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well.
  • Acquittal:
    1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
    2. A verdict of "not guilty."
     
  • Act: means the California School Finance Authority Act. See California Education Code 17173
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • agency: means every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, commission, or other state agency, except that the term agency shall not include:

    California Civil Code 1798.3

  • Agent: means a county or city board of education or superintendent of schools acting with the board's consent, on behalf of one or more school districts for any purpose of this chapter, the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges or the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges acting with the Board of Governors' consent, on behalf of one or more community college districts for any purpose of this chapter, and the school district, county office of education, or other chartering entity acting with the consent of, and on behalf of, one or more charter schools for any purpose of this chapter. See California Education Code 17173
  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • alternative certification program: is a program operated by a school district, county office of education, college or university, or other public education entity, individually or in collaboration with other public education entities in the region to be served, and designed to provide a concentrated program leading to a permanent teaching credential. See California Education Code 44381
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Any school district: means a school district or a county superintendent of schools who employs classroom teachers in the public schools. See California Education Code 45343
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Applicant: means a community college district, a campus of the California State University, a campus of the University of California, which may include the college named in Section 92200, or a partnership of campuses across and within the public higher education segments. See California Education Code 17200
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • Armed forces: means the United States Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Space Force, or Coast Guard. See California Education Code 45294
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • assessed value: means 25 percent of full value to, and including, the 1980-81 fiscal year, and 100 percent of full value for the 1981-82 fiscal year and fiscal years thereafter. See California Welfare and Institutions Code 26
  • Asset: means property of a debtor, but the term does not include the following:

    California Civil Code 3439.01

  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Associate: when used with respect to a licensee, means all of the following:

    California Corporations Code 28820

  • Association: means any corporation organized under this part. See California Corporations Code 13202
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
  • Authority: means the California School Finance Authority, or any board, body, commission, department, or officer succeeding to the principal functions of the authority, or to which the powers conferred upon the authority by this chapter shall be given by law. See California Education Code 17173
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
  • beginning teacher: means a teacher with a valid California credential, as defined in Section 44259. See California Education Code 44279.1
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Benefit corporation: means a corporation organized under the General Corporation Law that has elected to become subject to this part and whose status as a benefit corporation has not been terminated as provided in this part. See California Corporations Code 14601
  • Benefit enforcement proceeding: means a claim or action relating to any of the following:

    California Corporations Code 14601

  • Bequest: Property gifted by will.
  • Board: means the State Allocation Board. See California Education Code 17243
  • Budget authority: Authority provided by law to enter into obligations that will result in outlays of Federal funds. Budget authority may be classified by the period of availability (one-year, multiyear, no-year), by the timing of congressional action (current or permanent), or by the manner of determining the amount available (definite or indefinite).
  • Campus: means a community college district, a campus of the California State University, or a campus of the University of California, which may include the college named in Section 92200. See California Education Code 17200
  • Capacity expansion projects: means projects that expand the ability of a four-year public postsecondary educational institution to support future California resident enrollment growth. See California Education Code 17200
  • Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • Charter school: means a school established pursuant to Part 26. See California Education Code 17173
  • claim for relief: means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Classification: means that each position in the classified service shall have a designated title, a regular minimum number of assigned hours per day, days per week, and months per year, a specific statement of the duties required to be performed by the employees in each such position, and the regular monthly salary ranges for each such position. See California Education Code 45101
  • Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
  • Close relative: means ancestor, lineal descendant, brother or sister and lineal descendants of either, spouse, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, brother-in-law, daughter-in-law, or sister-in-law. See California Corporations Code 28820
  • Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
  • Common board: as used in this article means a board with identical members that governs more than one school district. See California Education Code 45220
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: as used in this part means a corporation which is organized under, or subject to this part, including a central organization. See California Corporations Code 12232
  • County: includes "city and county. See California Welfare and Institutions Code 14
  • County: includes "city and county. See California Code of Civil Procedure 17
  • County: includes "city and county. See California Corporations Code 14
  • Creditor: means a person that has a claim, and includes an assignee of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, as defined in Section 493. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • creditor: means a person who has a claim, as defined in Section 3439. See California Civil Code 3440
  • Creditor: means "creditor" as defined in Section 3439. See California Civil Code 3445
  • custody: means the legal right to custody of the child unless that right is held jointly by two or more persons, in which case "custody" means the physical custody of the child by one of the persons sharing the right to custody. See California Welfare and Institutions Code 17.1
  • Debt: means liability on a claim. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Debtor: means a person that is liable on a claim. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Demotion: means assignment to an inferior position or status, without the employee's written voluntary consent. See California Education Code 45101
  • department: whenever used in this code , unless the context otherwise requires, means the State Department of Education. See California Education Code 89
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Directors: means natural persons, designated in the articles or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and natural persons designated, elected, or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the governing body of the corporation. See California Corporations Code 12233
  • directors: means natural persons, designated in the articles or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and natural persons designated, elected, or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the governing body of the corporation. See California Corporations Code 5047
  • Disciplinary action: includes any action whereby an employee is deprived of any classification or any incident of any classification in which he has permanence, including dismissal, suspension, demotion, or any reassignment, without his voluntary consent, except a layoff for lack of work or lack of funds. See California Education Code 45101
  • disclose: means to disclose, release, transfer, disseminate, or otherwise communicate all or any part of any record orally, in writing, or by electronic or any other means to any person or entity. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • Educational facility: means any property, facility, structure, equipment, or furnishings used or operated in conjunction with one or more public schools, including charter schools, or community colleges, including, but not limited to, all of the following:

    California Education Code 17173

  • Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Electronic transmission to the corporation: means a communication (a) delivered by (1) facsimile telecommunication or electronic mail when directed to the facsimile number or electronic mail address, respectively, which the corporation has provided from time to time to shareholders or members and directors for sending communications to the corporation, (2) posting on an electronic message board or network which the corporation has designated for those communications, and which transmission shall be validly delivered upon the posting, or (3) other means of electronic communication, (b) as to which the corporation has placed in effect reasonable measures to verify that the sender is the shareholder or member (in person or by proxy) or director purporting to send the transmission, and (c) that creates a record that is capable of retention, retrieval, and review, and that may thereafter be rendered into clearly legible tangible form. See California Corporations Code 21
  • Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
  • Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
  • executed: when used with respect to the documents filed pursuant to this code or pursuant to regulations adopted under this code, and presented to the Secretary of State, include a document bearing a signature under subdivision (a). See California Corporations Code 17.1
  • Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Fishery products: includes fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and marine products for human consumption. See California Corporations Code 13202
  • General public benefit: means a material positive impact on society and the environment, taken as a whole, as assessed against a third-party standard, from the business and operations of a benefit corporation. See California Corporations Code 14601
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. Source: Federal Reserve
  • Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
  • Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
  • Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
  • Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
  • individual: means a natural person. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • instructional aide: means a person employed to assist classroom teachers and other certificated personnel in the performance of their duties and in the supervision of pupils and in instructional tasks which, in the judgment of the certificated personnel to whom the instructional aide is assigned, may be performed by a person not licensed as a classroom teacher. See California Education Code 45343
  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • Judge: means the administrative law judge presiding over the dismissal or suspension hearing. See California Education Code 44990
  • Juror: A person who is on the jury.
  • Lien: means a charge against or an interest in property to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation, and includes a security interest created by agreement, a judicial lien obtained by legal or equitable process or proceedings, a common-law lien, or a statutory lien. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
  • Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Low-income student: means either of the following:

    California Education Code 17200

  • maintain: includes maintain, acquire, use, or disclose. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Member: includes members of associations without capital stock and holders of common stock in associations organized with shares of stock. See California Corporations Code 13202
  • Minimum status vote: means that:

    California Corporations Code 14601

  • Minor: means any person under 18 years of age. See California Education Code 44990
  • month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See California Civil Code 14
  • Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
  • National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC
  • Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • Organization: means a person other than an individual. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
  • Participating party: means :

    California Education Code 17173

  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • permanent employee: includes tenure in the classification in which the employee passed the required probationary period, and includes all of the incidents of that classification. See California Education Code 45101
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, government or governmental subdivision, instrumentality or agency, business trust, estate, trust, business or nonprofit entity, or other legal entity. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Person: includes a corporation as well as a natural person. See California Corporations Code 18
  • person: means any natural person, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, firm, or association. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • personal information: means any information that is maintained by an agency that identifies or describes an individual, including, but not limited to, the individual's name, social security number, physical description, home address, home telephone number, education, financial matters, and medical or employment history. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • personal property: include money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt. See California Civil Code 14
  • Personal property: includes money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt. See California Code of Civil Procedure 17
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Private admonition: as used in this article and in Article 3 (commencing with Section 44240) of Chapter 2, is a warning, in writing, to the applicant or credentialholder that states in ordinary and concise language the act or omission of the applicant or credentialholder and further states that repetition of that act or omission may result in denial, suspension, or revocation of the credential. See California Education Code 44438
  • Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Project: means the acquisition, construction, expansion, remodeling, renovation, improvement, furnishing, or equipping of an educational facility to be financed or refinanced pursuant to this chapter. See California Education Code 17173
  • Property: means anything that may be the subject of ownership. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
  • Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
  • Reclassification: means the upgrading of a position to a higher classification as a result of the gradual increase of the duties being performed by the incumbent in such position. See California Education Code 45101
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • record: means any file or grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an agency by reference to an identifying particular such as the individual's name, photograph, finger or voice print, or a number or symbol assigned to the individual. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • regulatory agency: means the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, the Department of Insurance, the Bureau of Real Estate, and agencies of the United States or of any other state responsible for regulating financial institutions. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
  • Representative of the respondent: means either counsel for, or an exclusive labor representative of, the respondent. See California Education Code 44990
  • Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
  • Respondent: means the party against whom a petition has been filed. See California Education Code 44990
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • revenue bonds: means bonds, notes, lease obligations, certificates of participation, commercial paper, and any other evidences of indebtedness. See California Education Code 17173
  • Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
  • school district with an anticipated increase in enrollment: means a school district in which the level of enrollment is projected by the district to be higher during any of the five years, including the year in which the projection is made, than the year preceding the year in which the projection is made. See California Education Code 17243
  • Segment: means the public higher education segments of California, which are the University of California, the California State University, or the California Community Colleges. See California Education Code 17200
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • Signature: includes mark when the signer cannot write, such signer's name being written near the mark by a witness who writes his own name near the signer's name. See California Corporations Code 17
  • Specific public benefit: includes all of the following:

    California Corporations Code 14601

  • Spouse: includes "registered domestic partner" as required by §. See California Corporations Code 12.2
  • State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Education Code 77
  • State: includes the District of Columbia and the territories when applied to the different parts of the United States, and the words "United States" may include the district and territories. See California Code of Civil Procedure 17
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Student housing project: means one or more housing facilities to be occupied by students of one or more campuses. See California Education Code 17200
  • subscription: includes mark when the signer or subscriber can not write, such signer's or subscriber's name being written near the mark by a witness who writes his own name near the signer's or subscriber's name. See California Welfare and Institutions Code 17
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Support person: means an adult attendant, victim advocate, or other witness who is able, because of education, experience, or familiarity with the minor, to ensure that the minor's mental health, welfare, and well-being are protected. See California Education Code 44990
  • system of records: means one or more records, which pertain to one or more individuals, which is maintained by any agency, from which information is retrieved by the name of an individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual. See California Civil Code 1798.3
  • Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
  • Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Third-party standard: means a standard for defining, reporting, and assessing overall corporate social and environmental performance to which all of the following apply:

    California Corporations Code 14601

  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Transfer: means every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, and includes payment of money, release, lease, license, and creation of a lien or other encumbrance. See California Civil Code 3439.01
  • Transfer: means "transfer" as defined in Section 3439. See California Civil Code 3445
  • Transferee: means the person to whom property was transferred or an obligation was incurred, or the successors or assigns of the person. See California Civil Code 3445
  • Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. Source: OCC
  • Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC
  • Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC
  • Veteran: as used in this article means any person who has served in the United States armed forces in time of war, or national emergency declared by the President of the United States of America, and who has been discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable, proof of which shall be submitted to the commission at the time of the examination. See California Education Code 45294
  • Victim advocate: work with prosecutors and assist the victims of a crime.
  • Will: includes codicil. See California Code of Civil Procedure 17
  • Working capital: means funds to be used by, or on behalf of, a participating party to pay maintenance or operating expenses, or any other costs that would be treated as an expense item under generally accepted accounting principles in connection with the ownership or operation of an educational facility, including, but not limited to, all of the following:

    California Education Code 17173