Article 1 Prohibition and Penalty
Article 2 Remedies
Article 3 Judicial Review
Need help reviewing a real estate contract? Chat with an attorney and protect your rights.

Terms Used In California Codes > Government Code > Title 7 > Division 2 > Chapter 7 - Enforcement and Judicial Review

  • Access: means the ability to receive, use, select, and manipulate data and operate controls included in voting technology and systems. See California Elections Code 19241
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Blind: means a person having central visual acuity not to exceed 20-200 in the better eye, with corrected lenses, or visual acuity greater than 20-200, but with a limitation in the field of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle not greater than 20 degrees. See California Business and Professions Code 17521
  • Board: means the Voting Modernization Board, established pursuant to Section 19256. See California Elections Code 19252
  • Bond: means a state general obligation bond issued pursuant to this article adopting the provisions of the State General Obligation Bond Law. See California Elections Code 19252
  • candidate: includes any officeholder who is subject to a recall election. See California Elections Code 305
  • City: includes city and county. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 15
  • City: includes city and county. See California Business and Professions Code 18
  • Commissioner: means the Insurance Commissioner of this State. See California Insurance Code 20
  • Committee: means the Voting Modernization Finance Committee, established pursuant to Section 19253. See California Elections Code 19252
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • County: includes city and county. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 14
  • County: includes "city and county. See California Insurance Code 14
  • County: includes city and county. See California Business and Professions Code 17
  • Customer: means any person who requests a repairperson to do work on a vessel which is in the possession of that person. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 410
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Department: means the Department of Parks and Recreation. See California Public Resources Code 80002
  • Department: means the Department of Human Resources. See California Government Code 19815
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Direct labor: means all work required for the preparation, processing, assembling, and packing, but not including supervision, administration, inspection, and shipping. See California Business and Professions Code 17521
  • Director: means the Director of the Department of Human Resources. See California Government Code 19815
  • Disadvantaged community: means a community with a median household income less than 80 percent of the statewide average. See California Public Resources Code 80002
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • Division: means the Division of Labor Relations. See California Government Code 19815
  • Domestic: means organized under the laws of this State, whether or not admitted. See California Insurance Code 26
  • Election: means any election including a primary that is provided for under this code. See California Elections Code 318
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Foreign: means not organized under the laws of this State, whether or not admitted. See California Insurance Code 27
  • Fund: means the California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Outdoor Access For All Fund, created by Section 80032. See California Public Resources Code 80002
  • Fund: means the Voting Modernization Fund, created pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 19254. See California Elections Code 19252
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • insolvency: means either of the following:

    California Insurance Code 985

  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • liability: includes liability for losses reported, expenses, taxes, and all other indebtedness not included in those categories. See California Insurance Code 980
  • license: means license, certificate, registration, or other means to engage in a business or profession regulated by this code or referred to in Section 1000 or 3600. See California Business and Professions Code 23.7
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Mortgage: includes a trust deed, "mortgagor" includes a trustor under such trust deed, "mortgagee" includes a beneficiary under such trust deed, or a trustee exercising powers or performing duties granted to or imposed upon him thereunder, and "lien" in respect to real or personal property includes a charge or incumbrance arising out of a trust deed. See California Insurance Code 29
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Person: means any person, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, or company. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 19
  • Person: means any person, association, organization, partnership, business trust, limited liability company, or corporation. See California Insurance Code 19
  • person: includes any individual, partnership, firm, association, or corporation. See California Business and Professions Code 17506
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Polling place: means a location where a voter casts a ballot and includes the following terms, as applicable: poll, polling location, and vote center. See California Elections Code 338.5
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Process: includes a writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings of either a civil or criminal nature. See California Government Code 22
  • Protection: means those actions necessary to prevent harm or damage to persons, property, or natural, cultural, and historic resources, actions to improve access to public open-space areas, or actions to allow the continued use and enjoyment of property or natural, cultural, and historic resources, and includes site monitoring, acquisition, development, restoration, preservation, and interpretation. See California Public Resources Code 80002
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Repairperson: means any person engaged in the business of repairing vessels. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 410
  • Restoration: means the improvement of physical structures or facilities and, in the case of natural systems and landscape features, includes, but is not limited to, projects for the control of erosion, stormwater capture and storage or to otherwise reduce stormwater pollution, the control and elimination of invasive species, the planting of native species, the removal of waste and debris, prescribed burning, fuel hazard reduction, fencing out threats to existing or restored natural resources, road elimination, improving instream, riparian, or managed wetland habitat conditions, and other plant and wildlife habitat improvement to increase the natural system value of the property or coastal or ocean resource. See California Public Resources Code 80002
  • retrospective commission arrangement: means an arrangement having as its purpose the retention by the insurer of a fixed proportion of the gross premiums, or gross premiums plus policy fees with the balance of the premiums, or premiums plus policy fees, retained by the producer of the business, who assumes to pay therefrom all losses, all subordinate commissions, loss adjustment expenses and his profit, if any, with other provisions of the arrangement auxiliary or incidental to such purpose. See California Insurance Code 995
  • Software: includes all programs, voting devices, cards, ballot cards or papers, operating manuals or instructions, test procedures, printouts, and other nonmechanical or nonelectrical items necessary to the operation of a voting system. See California Elections Code 355
  • State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 20
  • State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Insurance Code 28
  • State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Business and Professions Code 21
  • Subdivision: means a subdivision of the section in which that term occurs, unless some other section is expressly mentioned. See California Business and Professions Code 15
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Surplus line broker: means a person licensed under Section 1765 and authorized to do business under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1760) of Part 2 of Division 1. See California Insurance Code 47
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • Vessel: includes ships of all kinds, steamboats, steamships, canal boats, barges, sailing vessels, and every structure adapted to be navigated from place to place for the transportation of merchandise or persons. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 21
  • Vessel: means any vessel which is subject to registration with the Department of Motor Vehicles and which is manufactured or used for noncommercial purposes or is leased, rented, or chartered to another for noncommercial use. See California Harbors and Navigation Code 410
  • Vote tabulating device: means any piece of equipment, other than a voting machine, that compiles a total of votes cast by means of ballot card sorting, ballot card reading, paper ballot scanning, electronic data processing, or a combination of that type of equipment. See California Elections Code 358
  • Voting device: means any device used in conjunction with a ballot card or cards to indicate the choice of the voter by marking, punching, or slotting the ballot card. See California Elections Code 360
  • Voting machine: means any electronic device, including, but not limited to, a precinct optical scanner and a direct recording voting system, into which a voter may enter his or her votes, and which, by means of electronic tabulation and generation of printouts or other tangible, human-readable records, furnishes a total of the number of votes cast for each candidate and for or against each measure. See California Elections Code 361