(1) a law enforcement officer who possesses or uses a telecommunication device or access code in the course of an official law enforcement investigation;

(2) a telecommunication service provider while lawfully acting in that capacity; or

(3) a person who is expressly authorized by a law enforcement unit or other lawful authority to:

(i) manufacture telecommunication devices or access codes for distribution or sale to a law enforcement unit or telecommunication service provider; or

(ii) distribute or sell telecommunication devices or access codes to law enforcement units or telecommunication service providers.