(i) A medical school approved by the board. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Acupressure: means a form of manual therapy in which physical pressure is applied to various points on the body. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Acupuncture: means the insertion and manipulation of needles through the surface of the human body. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Acupuncturist: means an individual who is licensed under this part to engage in the practice of acupuncture. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Advertise: means issuing or ordering the printing or distribution of a card, sign, or device or causing, permitting, or allowing a sign or marking on or in a building or structure, or placing material in a newspaper, magazine, or directory, or on radio or television. See Michigan Laws 333.16901

Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.

Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.

Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.

Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.

Appraisal: A determination of property value.

Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization

Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.

Assignment: means that a dentist has designated a patient of record on whom services are to be performed and has described the procedures to be performed. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.

Audiologist: means an individual licensed under this article to engage in the practice of audiology. See Michigan Laws 333.16801

Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}

Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.

Chief administrative officer: means that term as defined in section 2b of the uniform budgeting and accounting act, 1968 PA 2, MCL 141. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.

Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.

Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.

Cupping: means the placement of a specially designed cup on the body to create suction. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.

Debt: means all borrowed money, loans, and other indebtedness, including principal and interest, evidenced by bonds, obligations, refunding obligations, notes, contracts, securities, refunding securities, municipal securities, or certificates of indebtedness that are lawfully issued or assumed, in whole or in part, by a municipality, or will be evidenced by a judgment or decree against the municipality. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Debt retirement fund: means a segregated account or group of accounts used to account for the payment of, interest on, or principal and interest on a municipal security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.

Deficit: means a situation for any fund of a municipality in which, at the end of a fiscal year, total expenditures, including an accrued deficit, exceeded total revenues for the fiscal year, including any surplus carried forward. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Defined benefit plan: means a retirement program other than a defined contribution plan. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Defined contribution plan: means a retirement program that provides for an individual account for each participant and for benefits based solely upon the amount contributed to the participant's account, and any income, expenses, gains, and losses credited or charged to the account, and any forfeitures of accounts of other participants that may be allocated to the participant's account. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Dental laboratory: means a dental workroom that is operated as a part of a dental office or otherwise, by a person, other than a dentist, who is engaged in, or holds himself, herself, or itself out as being directly or indirectly engaged in, constructing, repairing, or altering prosthetic dentures, bridges, orthodontic or other appliances, or structures to be used as substitutes for or as a part of human teeth or jaws or associated structures, or for the correction of malocclusions or deformities. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Dentist: means an individual who is licensed under this article to engage in the practice of dentistry. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Department: means the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.

Dermal friction: means the use of repeated, closely timed, unidirectional press-stroking with a smooth-edged instrument over a lubricated area of the body. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Devise: To gift property by will.

Dietary counseling: means the process of advising a patient about healthy food choices and healthy eating habits in accordance with East Asian medical theory. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Dislocation: means complete disruption in the normal relationship of 2 bones forming a joint resulting in no contact of the articular surfaces. See Michigan Laws 333.16401

Dry needling: means a rehabilitative procedure using filiform needles to penetrate the skin or underlying tissues by targeting only myofascial trigger points and muscular and connective tissues to affect change in body structures and functions for the evaluation and management of neuromusculoskeletal pain and movement impairment. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

East Asian medicine techniques: includes , but is not limited to, acupuncture, manual therapy, moxibustion, heat therapy, dietary counseling, therapeutic exercise, acupressure, cupping, dermal friction, homeopathy, lifestyle coaching, and treatment with herbal medicines. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Electrodiagnostic studies: means the testing of neuromuscular functions utilizing nerve conduction tests and needle electromyography. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}

Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}

Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.

Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.

Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.

Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.

Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.

Fiscal year: means a 12-month period fixed by statute, charter, or ordinance, or if not so fixed, then as determined by the department. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.

Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.

Genetic counselor: means an individual who is licensed under this part to engage in the practice of genetic counseling. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.

Governing body: means the county board of commissioners of a county; the township board of a township; the council, common council, or commission of a city; the council, commission, or board of trustees of a village; the board of education or district board of a school district; the board of an intermediate school district; the board of trustees of a community college district; the county drain commissioner or drainage board of a drainage district; the board of the district library; the legislative body of a metropolitan district; the port commission of a port district; and, in the case of another governmental authority or agency, that official or official body having general governing powers over the authority or agency. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e

Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.

Health care trust fund: means a trust or fund created in accordance with the public employee health care fund investment act, 1999 PA 149, MCL 38. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Heat therapy: means the use of heat in therapy, such as for pain relief and health. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Herbal medicine: means the internal and external use of a plant or a plant extract, a mineral, or an animal product, that is not a prescription drug as that term is defined in section 17708. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Homeopathy: means the use of a highly diluted natural remedy from the plant, mineral, and animal domain. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q

Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}

Joint dysfunction: means a joint that is impaired so that it does not function properly. See Michigan Laws 333.16401

Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement

Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.

Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}

Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.

Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.

Lifestyle coaching: means the process of advising a patient about healthy lifestyle choices and habits in accordance with East Asian medical theory. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

lighting authority: means a lighting authority created under the municipal lighting authority act. See Michigan Laws 141.1152

Manual therapy: means the application of an accurately determined and specifically directed manual force to the body, excluding a high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust to the spine. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Manufacturer: means a person that prepares, produces, derives, propagates, compounds, processes, packages, or repackages a drug or device salable on prescription only, or otherwise changes the container or the labeling of a drug or device salable on prescription only, and that supplies, distributes, sells, offers for sale, barters, or otherwise disposes of that drug or device and any other drug or device salable on prescription only, to another person for resale, compounding, or dispensing. See Michigan Laws 333.17706

Marriage and family therapist: means an individual licensed under this article to engage in the practice of marriage and family therapy. See Michigan Laws 333.16901

medical education: means the education of physicians and candidates for degrees or licenses to become physicians, including, but not limited to, physician staff, residents, interns, and medical students. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j

Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.

Moxibustion: means burning the dried plant Artemisia vulgaris on or very near the surface of the skin as a form of therapy. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Municipal security: means a security that when issued was not exempt from this act or former 1943 PA 202 by the provisions of this act or by former 1943 PA 202 or by the provisions of the law authorizing its issuance and that is payable from or secured by any of the following:

  (i) Ad valorem real and personal property taxes. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Municipality: means a county, township, city, village, school district, intermediate school district, community college district, metropolitan district, port district, drainage district, district library, or another governmental authority or agency in this state that has the power to issue a security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Musculoskeletal system: means the system of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, joints, and associated tissues that moves the body and maintains its form. See Michigan Laws 333.16401

Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.

Outstanding security: means a security that has been issued, but not defeased or repaid, including a security that when issued was exempt from this act or former 1943 PA 202, by the provisions of this act or by former 1943 PA 202 or by the provisions of the law authorizing its issuance. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.

Participating physician: means a physician, a physician designated by a group of physicians under section 17049 to represent that group, or a physician designated by a health facility or agency under section 20174 to represent that health facility or agency. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.

person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l

Personal property: All property that is not real property.

Physician: means an individual who is licensed or authorized under this article to engage in the practice of medicine. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Podiatrist: means an individual who is licensed under this article to engage in the practice of podiatric medicine and surgery. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

police officer: means a police officer, investigator, or police sergeant. See Michigan Laws 141.1152

Practice agreement: means an agreement described in section 17047. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Practice as a dental assistant: means assistance in the clinical practice of dentistry based on formal education, specialized knowledge, and skill at the assignment and under the supervision of a dentist. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Practice as a dental hygienist: means practice at the assignment of a dentist in that specific area of dentistry based on specialized knowledge, formal education, and skill with particular emphasis on preventive services and oral health education. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Practice as a dental therapist: means providing any of the care and services, and performing any of the duties, described in section 16656. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Practice of audiology: means the nonmedical and nonsurgical application of principles, methods, and procedures related to disorders of hearing, including all of the following:

  (i) Facilitating the conservation of auditory system function. See Michigan Laws 333.16801

Practice of chiropractic: means that discipline within the healing arts that deals with the human nervous system and the musculoskeletal system and their interrelationship with other body systems. See Michigan Laws 333.16401

Practice of chiropractic: means that term as defined in section 16401. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Practice of dentistry: means the diagnosis, treatment, prescription, or operation for a disease, pain, deformity, deficiency, injury, or physical condition of the human tooth, teeth, alveolar process, gums or jaws, or their dependent tissues, or an offer, undertaking, attempt to do, or holding oneself out as able to do any of these acts. See Michigan Laws 333.16601

Practice of genetic counseling: means provision of any of the following services:

  (i) Obtaining and evaluating individual, family, and medical histories to determine the genetic risk for genetic or medical conditions or diseases in a client, the client's descendants, or other family members of the client. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Practice of marriage and family therapy: means the providing of guidance, testing, discussions, therapy, instruction, or advice that is intended to avoid, eliminate, relieve, manage, or resolve marital or family conflict or discord, to create, improve, or restore marital or family harmony, or to prepare couples for marriage. See Michigan Laws 333.16901

Practice of massage therapy: means that term as defined in section 17951. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Practice of medicine: means that term as defined in section 17001. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Practice of medicine: means the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, cure, or relieving of a human disease, ailment, defect, complaint, or other physical or mental condition, by attendance, advice, device, diagnostic test, or other means, or offering, undertaking, attempting to do, or holding oneself out as able to do, any of these acts. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Practice of osteopathic medicine and surgery: means that term as defined in section 17501. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Practice of physical therapy: means that term as defined in section 17801. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.

Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.

Qualified status: means a municipality that has filed a qualifying statement under section 303 and has been determined by the department to be qualified to issue municipal securities without further approval by the department. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Qualified supervisor: means an individual who is a genetic counselor and who holds a license under this part other than a temporary or limited license. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.

Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.

Refunding security: means a municipal security issued to refund an outstanding security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Registered acupuncturist: means an individual who is registered or otherwise authorized under this part before the effective date of the rules promulgated under section 16525 regarding licensure. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.

Retirement program: means a program of rights and obligations which a county, city, village, or township establishes, maintains, or participates in and which, by its express terms or as a result of surrounding circumstances, does 1 or more of the following:

  (i) Provides retirement income to participants. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:

  (a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n

Security: means an evidence of debt such as a bond, note, contract, obligation, refunding obligation, certificate of indebtedness, or other similar instrument issued by a municipality, which pledges payment of the debt by the municipality from an identified source of revenue. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

Statute: A law passed by a legislature.

Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.

Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.

Systematic acupuncture education: means a course of education that covers the foundation of acupuncture science and theory, channel and point location, needling techniques, approaches to diagnosis and therapy, and patient management. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Task force: means the joint task force created in section 17025. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Taxable value: means the taxable value of the property as determined under section 27a of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Temporary licensed genetic counselor: means a genetic counselor who has been issued a temporary license under this article. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Testify: Answer questions in court.

Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.

Therapeutic exercise: means a range of physical activities that help restore and build physical strength, endurance, flexibility, balance, and stability. See Michigan Laws 333.16501

Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.

Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.

Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.

Unfunded accrued health care liability: means the difference between the assets and liabilities of a health care trust fund as determined by an actuarial study according to the most recent governmental accounting standards board's applicable standards. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Unfunded pension liability: means the amount a defined benefit plan's liabilities exceed its assets according to the most recent governmental accounting standards board's applicable standards. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.

Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.