Part 435 Hunting and Fishing Licensing
Part 437 Michigan Game and Fish Protection Trust Fund
Part 439 Michigan Nongame Fish and Wildlife Trust Fund
Part 441 Game and Fish Lifetime License Trust Fund

Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 324 > Act 451 of 1994 > Article III > Chapter 2 > Subchapter 2 - Hunting and Fishing Licenses

  • Accession: means goods that are physically united with other goods in such a manner that the identity of the original goods is not lost. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Accessory: means any accessory, equipment, additional part or replacement part for a vehicle for which a certificate of title is required to be issued under this act. See Michigan Laws 257.1a
  • Account debtor: means a person obligated on an account, chattel paper, or general intangible. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • accounting for: means a record that meets all of the following requirements:
  (i) Authenticated by a secured party. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Active service: means service, including active state service and special duty required by law, regulation, or pursuant to order of the governor. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • advisor: means an individual who has entered into a volunteer agreement with the department to serve as a nondeployable advisor in the Michigan cyber civilian corps. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Advisory board: means the Michigan cyber civilian corps advisory board created under section 9. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • Agricultural lien: means an interest, other than a security interest, in farm products that meets all of the following requirements:
    •   (i) The interest secures payment or performance of an obligation for 1 or more of the following:
      (A) Goods or services furnished in connection with a debtor's farming operation. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Armory: means a building, facility, or the lots and grounds used by an army, navy, or air unit of the national guard or organized militia as a home station or for military training. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Art: means an original, visual creation of quality executed in any size or shape, in any media, using any kind or combination of materials. See Michigan Laws 18.71
  • As-extracted collateral: means 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) Oil, gas, or other minerals that are subject to a security interest that is created by a debtor having an interest in the minerals before extraction and attaches to the minerals as extracted. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Bank: means an organization that is engaged in the business of banking. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Buyer in ordinary course of business: means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Cash proceeds: means proceeds that are money, checks, deposit accounts, or the like. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Certificate of title: means a certificate of title with respect to which a statute provides for the security interest in question to be indicated on the certificate as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the collateral. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Chattel paper: means a record or records that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in specific goods, a security interest in specific goods and software used in the goods, a security interest in specific goods and license of software used in the goods, a lease of specific goods, or a lease of specific goods and license of software used in the goods. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Chief information officer: means the individual within the department designated by the governor as the chief information officer for this state. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Child: means an individual, whether over or under the age of majority, who is or is alleged to be owed a duty of support by the individual's parent or who is or is alleged to be the beneficiary of a support order directed to the parent. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Child-support order: means a support order for a child, including a child who has attained the age of majority under the law of the issuing state or foreign country. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • citation: means a complaint or notice upon which a police officer shall record an occurrence involving 1 or more vehicle law violations by the person cited. See Michigan Laws 257.727c
  • Claimant: means a victim or intervenor who is injured, or any other person eligible for an award under section 4(1) or 5(1), who files a claim under this act. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Client: means a municipal, educational, nonprofit, or critical infrastructure organization that has requested and is using the rapid response assistance of the Michigan cyber civilian corps under the direction of the department. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Collateral: means the property subject to a security interest or agricultural lien. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Commander-in-chief: means the governor of this state. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Commission: means the Michigan commission on law enforcement standards created in this act or, by express delegation of the Michigan commission on law enforcement standards, its executive director and staff. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Commission: means the Hispanic/Latino commission of Michigan created in section 2. See Michigan Laws 18.301
  • Commission: means the crime victim services commission. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Commission: means the commission of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Committee: means the committee on art in public places. See Michigan Laws 18.71
  • Commodity account: means an account maintained by a commodity intermediary in which a commodity contract is carried for a commodity customer. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Commodity contract: means a commodity futures contract, an option on a commodity futures contract, a commodity option, or another contract if the contract or option is 1 of the following:
    •   (i) Traded on or subject to the rules of a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market for such a contract pursuant to federal commodities laws. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Commodity intermediary: means 1 of the following:
    •   (i) A person that is registered as a futures commission merchant under federal commodities law. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Communicate: means 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) To send a written or other tangible record. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
  • Consignee: means a merchant to which goods are delivered in a consignment. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consignment: means a transaction, regardless of its form, in which a person delivers goods to a merchant for the purpose of sale and that meets all of the following:
    •   (i) The merchant deals in goods of that kind under a name other than the name of the person making delivery, is not an auctioneer, and is not generally known by its creditors to be substantially engaged in selling the goods of others. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consignor: means a person that delivers goods to a consignee in a consignment. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consumer: means an individual who enters into a transaction primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Consumer goods: means goods that are used or bought for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consumer obligor: means an obligor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation as part of a transaction entered into primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consumer transaction: means a transaction in which an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, a security interest secures the obligation, and the collateral is held or acquired primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Consumer-goods transaction: means a consumer transaction in which an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes and a security interest in consumer goods secures the obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Continuation statement: means an amendment of a financing statement which identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates and indicates that it is a continuation statement for, or that it is filed to continue the effectiveness of, the identified financing statement. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Contour change: includes any grading, filling, digging, or excavating that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area, except that which is involved in sand dune mining as defined in part 637. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Contribution: means a payment, gift, subscription, assessment, expenditure, contract, payment for services, dues, advance, forbearance, loan, or donation of money or anything of ascertainable monetary value, or a transfer of anything of ascertainable monetary value to a person, made for or allocated to the purpose of defending an elected official in a criminal, civil, or administrative action that arises directly out of the conduct of the elected official's governmental duties. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Controlled substance: means that term as defined in section 7104 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Creditor: includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Crest: means the line at which the first lakeward facing slope of a critical dune ridge breaks to a slope of less than 1-foot vertical rise in a 5-1/2-foot horizontal plane for a distance of at least 20 feet, if the areal extent where this break occurs is greater than 1/10 acre in size. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Crime: means an act that is 1 of the following:
    •    (i) A crime under the laws of this state or the United States that causes an injury within this state. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Critical dune area: means a geographic area designated in the "atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989 that was prepared by the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Critical infrastructure: means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States or this state that the incapacity or destruction of that system or asset would have a debilitating impact on security, economic security, public health or safety, or any combination of these as determined by the department. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Cybersecurity incident: means an event occurring on or conducted through a computer network that actually or imminently jeopardizes the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of computers, information or communications systems or networks, physical or virtual infrastructure controlled by computers or information systems, or information resident on any of these. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Dating relationship: means frequent, intimate associations primarily characterized by the expectation of affectional involvement. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • Debtor: means 1 of the following:
    •   (i) A person having an interest, other than a security interest or other lien, in the collateral, whether or not the person is an obligor. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Delivery: means either of the following:
    •   (i) With respect to an electronic document of title, a voluntary transfer of control. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Department: means the department of management and budget. See Michigan Laws 18.71
  • Department: means the department of technology, management, and budget. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Department: means the department of state police. See Michigan Laws 28.722
  • Department: means the director of the department of natural resources or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Department of natural resources: means the principal state department created in section 501. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Dependent: means an individual principally dependent on another for support. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • Deposit account: means a demand, time, savings, passbook, or similar account maintained with a bank. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Director: means the director of the department of management and budget or the designated representative of the director. See Michigan Laws 18.71
  • Director: means the director of the office of Hispanic/Latino affairs. See Michigan Laws 18.301
  • Director: means the director of the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Document: means a document of title or a receipt of the type described in section 7201(2). See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Document of title: means a record that in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession or control of the record is entitled to receive, control, hold, and dispose of the record and the goods the record covers and that purports to be issued by or addressed to a bailee and to cover goods in the bailee's possession which are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Duty of support: means an obligation imposed or imposable by law to provide support for a child, spouse, or former spouse, including an unsatisfied obligation to provide support. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Elected official: means an individual who holds an elective office in state or local government in this state. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Electronic chattel paper: means chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information stored in an electronic medium. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
  • Encumbrance: means a right, other than an ownership interest, in real property. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • Equipment: means goods other than inventory, farm products, or consumer goods. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
  • Executive director: means the executive director of the commission appointed under this act. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Farm products: means goods, other than standing timber, with respect to which the debtor is engaged in a farming operation and which are 1 of the following:
    •   (i) Crops grown, growing, or to be grown, including crops produced on trees, vines, and bushes, and aquatic goods produced in aquacultural operations. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Felony: means that term as defined in section 1 of chapter I of the code of criminal procedure, 1927 PA 174, MCL 761. See Michigan Laws 28.722
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • File number: means the number assigned to an initial financing statement pursuant to section 9519(1). See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Filing office: means an office designated in section 9501 as the place to file a financing statement. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Filing-office rule: means a rule adopted pursuant to section 9526. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Financial institution: means a state or nationally chartered bank or a state or federally chartered savings and loan association, savings bank, or credit union whose deposits are insured by an agency of the United States government and that maintains a principal office or branch office located in this state under the laws of this state or the United States. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Financing statement: means a record or records composed of an initial financing statement and any filed record relating to the initial financing statement. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • firearm: except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive. See Michigan Laws 8.3t
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Fixture filing: means the filing of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and satisfying section 9502(1) and (2). See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Fixtures: means goods that have become so related to particular real property that an interest in them arises under real property law. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • Foredune: means 1 or more low linear dune ridges that are parallel and adjacent to the shoreline of a Great Lake and are rarely greater than 20 feet in height. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Foreign country: means a country, including a political subdivision thereof, other than the United States, that authorizes the issuance of support orders and 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) That has been declared under the law of the United States to be a foreign reciprocating country. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Foreign support order: means a support order of a foreign tribunal. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC
  • Fund: means the state art in public places fund. See Michigan Laws 18.71
  • Game: has the meaning given that term in part 401. See Michigan Laws 324.43504
  • Game and fish protection account: means the game and fish protection account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2010. See Michigan Laws 324.43701
  • Game and fish protection account: means the game and fish protection account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2010. See Michigan Laws 324.43504
  • Gas: means a mixture of hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons in a gaseous state which may or may not be associated with oil and includes liquids resulting from the condensation of those hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons. See Michigan Laws 324.43701
  • General intangible: means any personal property, including things in action, other than accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, goods, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money, and oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Good faith: except as otherwise provided in article 5, means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Goods: means all things that are movable when a security interest attaches. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Governmental unit: means a subdivision, agency, department, county, parish, municipality, or other unit of the government of the United States, a state, or a foreign country. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Holder: means any of the following:
    •   (i) A person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an identified person that is the person in possession. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Household member: means an individual who resides in the same dwelling unit as a victim or intervenor. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
  • Income: includes earnings or other periodic entitlements to money from any source and any other property subject to withholding for support under the law of this state. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Income-withholding order: means an order or other legal process directed to an obligor's employer or other debtor, as defined by the support and parenting time enforcement act, 1982 PA 295, MCL 552. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
  • Instrument: means a negotiable instrument or any other writing that evidences a right to the payment of a monetary obligation, is not itself a security agreement or lease, and is of a type that in ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Intervenor: means a person who goes to the aid of one who has become a victim of a crime and who suffers personal physical injury. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Inventory: means goods, other than farm products, that meet 1 of the following:
    •   (i) Are leased by a person as lessor. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Investment property: means a security, whether certificated or uncertificated, security entitlement, securities account, commodity contract, or commodity account. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Issuing state: means the state in which a tribunal issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Issuing tribunal: means the tribunal of a state or foreign country that issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Juror: A person who is on the jury.
  • Law: includes decisional and statutory law and rules and regulations having the force of law. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Law enforcement agency: means an entity that is established and maintained in accordance with the laws of this state and is authorized by the laws of this state to appoint or employ law enforcement officers. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Law enforcement officer: means :
    •   (i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), an individual employed by a law enforcement agency as 1 or more of the following:
      (A) An individual authorized by law, including common law, to prevent and detect crime and enforce the general criminal laws of this state. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Law enforcement training academy: means any of the following:
    •   (i) An agency basic law enforcement training academy. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
  • Legal defense fund: means all contributions received, held, or expended for the legal defense of an elected official. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Letter-of-credit right: means a right to payment or performance under a letter of credit, whether or not the beneficiary has demanded or is at the time entitled to demand payment or performance. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • License: means documentation of licensure by the commission under this act. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Licensing: includes agency activity involving the grant, denial, renewal, suspension, revocation, annulment, withdrawal, recall, cancellation, or amendment of a license. See Michigan Laws 24.205
  • Licensing standards: means the requirements with which a person must comply for licensure as a law enforcement officer under this act. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Licensure: means a determination by the commission that both of the following occurred in compliance with this act and rules promulgated under this act:
    •   (i) The person to whom the license is issued commenced employment as a law enforcement officer, subject to a written oath of office or other written instrument conferring law enforcement authority. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Lien creditor: means 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) A creditor that has acquired a lien on the property involved by attachment, levy, or the like. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Line of duty: as used in this act means an act performed by a member of the state military establishment in obedience to or in conformity with a law, rule, regulation, order, command or custom of the military service or an act performed which is not in violation of a law, rule, regulation, order, command or custom of the military service, or that will not bring discredit to the military service. See Michigan Laws 32.521
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Local law enforcement agency: means the police department of a municipality. See Michigan Laws 28.722
  • local unit: means a municipality or county. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
  • Manufactured-home transaction: means a secured transaction that creates a purchase-money security interest in a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory, or in which a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory, is the primary collateral. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • martial rule: means the exercise of partial or complete military control over domestic territory in time of emergency because of public necessity. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Michigan cyber civilian corps: means the program established by this act under which civilian volunteers who have expertise in addressing cybersecurity incidents may volunteer at the invitation of the department to provide rapid response assistance to a municipal, educational, nonprofit, or critical infrastructure organization in need of expert assistance during a cybersecurity incident. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Michigan cyber civilian corps volunteer: means an individual who has entered into a volunteer agreement with the department to serve as a deployable volunteer in the Michigan cyber civilian corps. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Michigan national guard: means the army national guard and the air national guard. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Michigan register: means the publication described in section 8. See Michigan Laws 24.205
  • Military: means a reference to all components of the state military establishment. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Military establishment: means the organized militia of this state, including the employees and equipment assigned or necessary to carry out the provisions of this act. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Mineral: means an inorganic substance that can be extracted from the earth, except for oil or gas, and includes rock, metal ores, and mineral water. See Michigan Laws 324.43701
  • Model zoning plan: means the model zoning plan provided for in section 35304 to 35309 and 35311a to 35324. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Money: means a medium of exchange authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j
  • Mortgage: means a consensual interest in real property, including fixtures, which secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
  • New debtor: means a person that becomes bound as debtor under section 9203(4) by a security agreement previously entered into by another person. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • New value: means money, money's worth in property, services, or new credit, or release by a transferee of an interest in property previously transferred to the transferee. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
  • Noncash proceeds: means proceeds other than cash proceeds. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Nongame fish and wildlife: means fish or wild animals that are unconfined and not ordinarily taken for sport, fur, or food, and the habitat that supports them. See Michigan Laws 324.43901
  • Notice: means a written or electronic record that informs a person of past or future action of the person generating the record. See Michigan Laws 24.205
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • oath: shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed". See Michigan Laws 8.3k
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Obligee: means 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) An individual to whom a duty of support is or is alleged to be owed or in whose favor a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child has been issued. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Obligor: means a person that, with respect to an obligation secured by a security interest in or an agricultural lien on the collateral, owes payment or other performance of the obligation, has provided property other than the collateral to secure payment or other performance of the obligation, or is otherwise accountable in whole or in part for payment or other performance of the obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Obligor: means an individual about whom 1 of the following is true, or the estate of a decedent about whom 1 of the following was true before the individual's death:
    •   (i) Owes or is alleged to owe a duty of support. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Office: means the office of Hispanic/Latino affairs as created in section 4. See Michigan Laws 18.301
  • Office: means , unless expressly stated otherwise, the office of performance and transformation. See Michigan Laws 24.205
  • Officer: means a commissioned officer and a warrant officer, unless a distinction between commissioned officer and warrant officer is clearly evident. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Oil: means natural crude oil or petroleum and other hydrocarbons, regardless of gravity, which are produced at the well in liquid form by ordinary production methods and which are not the result of condensation of gas after it leaves the underground reservoir. See Michigan Laws 324.43701
  • Organization: means a person other than an individual. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Original debtor: means , except as used in section 9310(3), a person that, as debtor, entered into a security agreement to which a new debtor has become bound under section 9203(4). See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Other services necessary: means recognized medical treatment, convalescent aids, supplies, and other equipment needed by the victim because of physical incapacity sustained as a direct result of the crime. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • Out-of-pocket loss: means the unreimbursed and unreimbursable expenses or indebtedness reasonably incurred for medical care, psychological counseling, replacement services, any nonmedical remedial treatment rendered in accordance with a recognized religious method of healing, or other services necessary as a result of the injury upon which a claim is based. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Payment intangible: means a general intangible under which the account debtor's principal obligation is a monetary obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Permit: means a permit for a use within a critical dune area under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Person: means a business, individual, proprietorship, firm, partnership, joint venture, syndicate, business trust, labor organization, company, corporation, association, committee, or any other organization or group of persons acting jointly. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Personal injury: means either of the following injuries:
    •   (i) Actual bodily harm, including pregnancy or death. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • Personal physical injury: means actual bodily harm and includes pregnancy. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Proceeds: means , except as used in section 9609(2), 1 or more of the following property:
    •   (i) Whatever is acquired upon the sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition of collateral. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Promissory note: means an instrument that evidences a promise to pay a monetary obligation, does not evidence an order to pay, and does not contain an acknowledgment by a bank that the bank has received for deposit a sum of money or funds. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Proposal: means a record authenticated by a secured party which includes the terms on which the secured party is willing to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures pursuant to sections 9620, 9621, and 9622. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
  • Public organic record: means a record that is available to the public for inspection and is any of the following:
    •   (i) A record consisting of the record initially filed with or issued by a state or the United States to form or organize an organization and any record filed with or issued by the state or the United States which amends or restates the initial record. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Purchase: means taking by sale, lease, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Purchaser: means a person that takes by purchase. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a paper or electronic medium. See Michigan Laws 24.205
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • Register: means to record in a tribunal of this state a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child issued in another state or a foreign country. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Registered organization: means an organization organized solely under the law of a single state or the United States by the filing of a public organic record with, the issuance of a public organic record by, or the enactment of legislation by the state or the United States. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Registering tribunal: means a tribunal in which a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child is registered. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Replacement services: means homemaking tasks, child care, transportation, and other services previously performed by the victim that, because of the victim's injury, must temporarily or permanently be performed by a person other than the victim. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Representative: means a person empowered to act for another, including an agent, an officer of a corporation or association, and a trustee, executor, or administrator of an estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
  • Residence: as used in this act , for registration and voting purposes means that place at which a person habitually sleeps, keeps his or her personal effects, and has a regular place of lodging. See Michigan Laws 28.722
  • Resident: means either of the following:
    •   (i) A person who resides in a settled or permanent home or domicile within the boundaries of this state with the intention of remaining in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.44101
  • Responding tribunal: means the authorized tribunal in a responding state or foreign country. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Restabilization: means restoration of the natural contours of a critical dune to the extent practicable, the restoration of the protective vegetative cover of a critical dune through the establishment of indigenous vegetation, and the placement of snow fencing or other temporary sand trapping measures for the purpose of preventing erosion, drifting, and slumping of sand. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Right: includes remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Rule: means a rule promulgated pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 324.301
  • Rule: means a rule promulgated under the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 28.602
  • seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
    •   (a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n
  • Secondary obligor: means an obligor to the extent that the obligor's obligation is secondary or the obligor has a right of recourse with respect to an obligation secured by collateral against the debtor, another obligor, or property of either. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Secured party: means 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) A person in whose favor a security interest is created or provided for under a security agreement, whether or not any obligation to be secured is outstanding. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Security agreement: means an agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Security interest: means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Shall: is a lways mandatory and "may" is always discretionary. See Michigan Laws 206.2
  • shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c
  • Software: means a computer program and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the program. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Special duty: means military service in support of the full-time operation of the state military establishment for a period of not less than 1 day if ordered by competent authority. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Special use project: means any of the following:
    •   (i) A proposed use in a critical dune area for an industrial or commercial purpose regardless of the size of the site. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Support: means actual monetary payments made by a victim or intervenor to or for a person principally dependent on the victim or intervenor. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Support enforcement agency: means a public official or governmental entity or private agency authorized to do 1 or more of the following:
    •   (i) Seek enforcement of support orders or laws relating to the duty of support. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Support order: means a judgment, decree, order, decision, or directive, whether temporary, final, or subject to modification, issued in a state or foreign country for the benefit of a child, a spouse, or a former spouse, that provides for monetary support, health care, arrearages, retroactive support, or reimbursement for financial assistance provided to an individual obligee in place of child support. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Tangible chattel paper: means chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information that is inscribed on a tangible medium. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Term: means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Termination statement: means an amendment of a financing statement that identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates and indicates either that it is a termination statement or that the identified financing statement is no longer effective. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • termination statement: as used in this act mean those terms as defined in the uniform commercial code, 1962 PA 174, MCL 440. See Michigan Laws 257.58b
  • Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Transmitting utility: means a person primarily engaged in the business of 1 of the following:
    •   (i) Operating a railroad, subway, street railway, or trolley bus. See Michigan Laws 440.9102
  • Treasurer: means the individual designated as responsible for a legal defense fund's record keeping, report preparation, or report filing or, in the absence of such an individual, the elected official who is the beneficiary of the legal defense fund. See Michigan Laws 15.523
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Tribunal: means a court, administrative agency, or quasi-judicial entity authorized to establish, enforce, or modify support orders or to determine parentage of a child. See Michigan Laws 552.2102
  • Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. Source: OCC
  • Trust fund: means the Michigan game and fish protection trust fund established in section 41 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 43702. See Michigan Laws 324.43701
  • Trust fund: means the Michigan nongame fish and wildlife trust fund established in section 42 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 43902. See Michigan Laws 324.43901
  • Trust fund: means the game and fish lifetime license trust fund created in section 44104. See Michigan Laws 324.44101
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Use: means a developmental, silvicultural, or recreational activity done or caused to be done by a person that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area or a contour change done or caused to be done by a person. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
  • Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • Victim: means a person who suffers a personal physical injury as a direct result of a crime. See Michigan Laws 18.351
  • Victim advocate: work with prosecutors and assist the victims of a crime.
  • Victim services organization: means an organization or agency that has a documented history of providing services to address issues arising from victimization to victims or to family members or household members of victims. See Michigan Laws 18.351.amended
  • Vital resource: means a public or private building, facility, property, or location that the governor considers necessary to protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of this state. See Michigan Laws 32.505
  • Volunteer agreement: means the contract entered into between the department and a Michigan cyber civilian corps volunteer or advisor under section 4. See Michigan Laws 18.222
  • Wildlife and fisheries: includes any member of the wild animal kingdom, including any mammal, bird, fish, reptile, amphibian, or invertebrate found in this state at any point in its natural life cycle. See Michigan Laws 324.43504
  • writing: includes printing, typewriting, or any other intentional reduction to tangible form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Zoning ordinance: means an ordinance of a local unit of government that regulates the development of critical dune areas within the local unit of government pursuant to the requirements of this part. See Michigan Laws 324.35301