Michigan Laws > Chapter 53 > R.S. of 1846 – Revised Statutes of 1846


Chapter 14	Of County Officers

Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 53 > R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846

Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
agreement: means a restrictive covenant, evidenced by an instrument in which the owner and the state, for a term of years, agree to jointly hold the right to undertake development of the land, and that contains a covenant running with the land, for a term of years, not to undertake development, subject to permitted uses. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Agricultural conservation easement: means a conveyance, by a written instrument, in which, subject to permitted uses, the owner relinquishes to the public in perpetuity his or her development rights and makes a covenant running with the land not to undertake development. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Agricultural conservation easement: means a conveyance, by a written instrument, in which, subject to permitted uses, the owner relinquishes to the public in perpetuity his or her development rights and makes a covenant running with the land not to undertake development. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Agricultural use: means substantially undeveloped land devoted to the production of plants and animals useful to humans, including forages and sod crops; grains, feed crops, and field crops; dairy and dairy products; poultry and poultry products; livestock, including breeding and grazing of cattle, swine, captive cervidae, and similar animals; berries; herbs; flowers; seeds; grasses; nursery stock; fruits; vegetables; Christmas trees; and other similar uses and activities. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Agricultural use: means the production of plants and animals useful to humans, including forages and sod crops; grains, feed crops, and field crops; dairy and dairy products; poultry and poultry products; livestock, including breeding and grazing of cattle, swine, captive cervidae, and similar animals; berries; herbs; flowers; seeds; grasses; nursery stock; fruits; vegetables; maple syrup production; Christmas trees; and other similar uses and activities. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Air: means ambient or indoor air at the point of exposure. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Alcoholic liquor: means that term as defined in section 1d of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 324.82101
Alcoholic liquor: means that term as defined in section 1d of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 324.81101
All appropriate inquiry: means an evaluation of environmental conditions at a property at the time of purchase, occupancy, or foreclosure that reasonably defines the existing conditions and circumstances at the property in conformance with 40 CFR 312. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Allegation: something that someone says happened.
Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
Appointee: means a person to whom a beneficial interest in property is designated or transferred by exercise of a power or, if a power is exercised in favor of a trustee, a person for whose benefit property has been designated or transferred in trust. See Michigan Laws 556.112
Appraisal: A determination of property value.
Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
Attorney general: means the department of the attorney general. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
ATV: means a vehicle with 3 or more wheels that is designed for off-road use, has low-pressure tires, has a seat designed to be straddled by the rider, and is powered by a 50cc to 1,000cc gasoline engine or an engine of comparable size using other fuels. See Michigan Laws 324.81101
Auction: means the sale or offer for sale by bidding of real or personal property at a public or private location. See Michigan Laws 324.82101
Auctioneer: means a person that is engaged in the business of conducting auctions or that offers to conduct an auction for compensation. See Michigan Laws 324.82101
Authority: means a base conversion authority as provided for in this act. See Michigan Laws 3.571
Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
Base: means a federal military installation on the final list of base or facility closures submitted by the base realignment and closure commission to the president of the United States and subsequently approved by congress. See Michigan Laws 3.571
Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
Baseline environmental assessment: means a written document that describes the results of an all appropriate inquiry and the sampling and analysis that confirm that the property is a site. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
Bequest: Property gifted by will.
Biological diversity: means the full range of variety and variability within and among living organisms and the natural associations in which they occur. See Michigan Laws 324.35501
Biota: means the plant and animal life in an area affected by a corrective action plan. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Board: means the agricultural preservation fund board created in section 36204. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Board: means the board of ethics. See Michigan Laws 15.341
Board: means board of county road commissioners. See Michigan Laws 324.35701
Capillary fringe: means the portion of the aquifer above an unconfined saturated zone in which groundwater is drawn upward by capillary force and can include the presence of LNAPL. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
City street: means city major street or city local street as described in section 9 of Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.35701
Closed session: means a meeting or part of a meeting of a public body that is closed to the public. See Michigan Laws 15.262
Code: means the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 324.81101
Commission: means the commission of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Commission: means the commission of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301
Committee: means the joint legislative working committee on biological diversity created pursuant to section 35504. See Michigan Laws 324.35501
Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
Conference committee: A temporary, ad hoc panel composed of conferees from both chamber of a legislature which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.
Consultant: means a person that meets the requirements set forth in section 21325. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
contaminated: means the presence of a regulated substance in soil, surface water, or groundwater or air that has been released from an underground storage tank system at a concentration exceeding the level set forth in the RCBA tier I screening levels established under section 20120a(1)(a) and (b). See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
Contour change: includes any grading, filling, digging, or excavating that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area, except that which is involved in sand dune mining as defined in part 637. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
Conviction: means a final conviction, the payment of a fine, a plea of guilty or nolo contendere if accepted by the court, or a finding of guilt or probate court disposition on a violation of this part, regardless of whether the penalty is rebated or suspended. See Michigan Laws 324.82101
Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
Corrective action: means the investigation, assessment, cleanup, removal, containment, isolation, treatment, or monitoring of regulated substances released into the environment from an underground storage tank system that is necessary under this part to prevent, minimize, or mitigate injury to the public health, safety, or welfare, the environment, or natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
County local road: means county local road as described in section 4 of Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.35701
County road: means a county primary road or county local road as described in section 5 of 1951 PA 51, MCL 247. See Michigan Laws 324.81101
Creating instrument: means a deed, will, trust agreement, or other writing or document that creates or reserves a power. See Michigan Laws 556.112
Crest: means the line at which the first lakeward facing slope of a critical dune ridge breaks to a slope of less than 1-foot vertical rise in a 5-1/2-foot horizontal plane for a distance of at least 20 feet, if the areal extent where this break occurs is greater than 1/10 acre in size. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
Critical dune area: means a geographic area designated in the "atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989 that was prepared by the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
Cybersecurity incident: includes , but is not limited to, a computer network intrusion or attempted intrusion; a breach of primary computer network controls; unauthorized access to programs, data, or information contained in a computer system; or actions by a third party that materially affect component performance or, because of impact to component systems, prevent normal computer system activities. See Michigan Laws 15.232
Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
Dealer: means any person engaged in the sale, lease, or rental of snowmobiles as a regular business, other than an auctioneer. See Michigan Laws 324.82101
Dealer: means a person engaged in the sale, lease, or rental of an ORV as a regular business or, for purposes of selling licenses under section 81116, any other person authorized by the department to sell licenses or permits, or both, under this act. See Michigan Laws 324.81101
Decedent: A deceased person.
Decision: means a determination, action, vote, or disposition upon a motion, proposal, recommendation, resolution, order, ordinance, bill, or measure on which a vote by members of a public body is required and by which a public body effectuates or formulates public policy. See Michigan Laws 15.262
Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
Department: means the department of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Department: means the director of the department of natural resources or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.301
Department: means the director or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
Department: means the department of commerce. See Michigan Laws 3.571
Department: means the department of natural resources, underground storage tank division. See Michigan Laws 324.21101
Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.35301
department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.35801
department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.35901
Department of natural resources: means the principal state department created in section 501. See Michigan Laws 324.301
Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
Development: means an activity that materially alters or affects the existing conditions or use of any land in a manner that is inconsistent with an agricultural use. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Development: means an activity that materially alters or affects the existing conditions or use of any land. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Development rights: means an interest in land that includes the right to construct a building or structure, to improve land for development, or to divide a parcel for development purposes. See Michigan Laws 324.36201
Development rights: means an interest in land that includes the right to construct a building or structure, to improve land for development, to divide a parcel for development, or to extract minerals incidental to a permitted use or as set forth in an instrument recorded under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Devise: To gift property by will.
Director: means the director of the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301
Director: means the director of the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
Directors: means the directors or their designees of the departments of environmental quality, community health, agriculture and rural development, and state police. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
Disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any hazardous substance into or on any land or water so that the hazardous substance or any constituent of the hazardous substance may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any groundwater or surface water. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
DNAPL: means a dense nonaqueous-phase liquid with a specific gravity greater than 1 and composed of 1 or more organic compounds that are immiscible or sparingly soluble in water. See Michigan Laws 324.21302
Donee: means a person to whom a power is granted or reserved. See Michigan Laws 556.112
Donee: The recipient of a gift.
Donor: The person who makes a gift.
Donor: means a person who creates or reserves a power. See Michigan Laws 556.112
easement: means a grant, by an instrument, in which the owner relinquishes to the public in perpetuity or for a term of years the right to undertake development of the land, and that contains a covenant running with the land, not to undertake development, subject to permitted uses. See Michigan Laws 324.36101
Ecosystem: means an assemblage of species, together with the species' physical environment, considered as a unit. See Michigan Laws 324.35501
Election: means an election or primary election at which the electors of this state or of a subdivision of this state choose or nominate by ballot an individual for public office or decide a ballot question lawfully submitted to them. See Michigan Laws 168.2
Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
Employee: means an employee, classified or unclassified, of the executive branch of this state. See Michigan Laws 15.341
Employee: means a person who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied. See Michigan Laws 15.361
Employer: means a person who has 1 or more employees. See Michigan Laws 15.361
EPIC: means the estates and protected individuals code, 1998 PA 386, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 556.112
Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
Evaluation: means those activities including, but not limited to, investigation, studies, sampling, analysis, development of feasibility studies, and administrative efforts that are needed to determine the nature, extent, and impact of a release or threat of release and necessary response activities. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
Facility: means any area, place, parcel or parcels of property, or portion of a parcel of property where a hazardous substance in excess of the concentrations that satisfy the cleanup criteria for unrestricted residential use has been released, deposited, disposed of, or otherwise comes to be located. See Michigan Laws 324.20101
Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
Farmland: means 1 or more of the following:

(i) A farm of 40 or more acres in 1 ownership, with 51% or more of the land area devoted to an agricultural use. See Michigan Laws 324.36201

Farmland: means 1 or more of the following:

(i) A farm of 40 or more acres in 1 ownership, with 51% or more of the land area devoted to an agricultural use. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.

Field name: means the label or identification of an element of a computer database that contains a specific item of information, and includes but is not limited to a subject heading such as a column header, data dictionary, or record layout. See Michigan Laws 15.232

firearm: except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive. See Michigan Laws 8.3t

Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.

FOIA coordinator: means either of the following:

(i) An individual who is a public body. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}

Foredune: means 1 or more low linear dune ridges that are parallel and adjacent to the shoreline of a Great Lake and are rarely greater than 20 feet in height. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Forest road: means a hard surfaced road, gravel or dirt road, or other route capable of travel by a 2-wheel drive, 4-wheel conventional vehicle designed for road use. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Forest trail: means a designated path or way that is not a route. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.

Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}

Fund: means the agricultural preservation fund created in section 36202. See Michigan Laws 324.36201

Fund: means the cleanup and redevelopment fund established in section 20108. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Fund: means the underground storage tank regulatory enforcement fund created in section 21104. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Fund: means the agricultural preservation fund created in section 36202. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Game and fish protection account: means the game and fish protection account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2010. See Michigan Laws 324.43701

General power: means a power, the permissible appointees of which include the donee, his or her estate, his or her creditors, or the creditors of his or her estate. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Genetic diversity: means the differences in genetic composition within and among populations of a given species. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.

Gift in default: means a transfer to a person designated in the creating instrument as the transferee of property if a power is not exercised or is released. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Governing board: means a board of regents, board of trustees, board of governors, board of control, or other governing body of an institution of higher education. See Michigan Laws 15.181

Grab sample: means a single sample or measurement taken at a specific time or over as short a period as feasible. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Grant: means a grant for the purchase of an agriculture conservation easement under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.36201

grantor: may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. See Michigan Laws 8.3e

Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.

Groundwater: means water below the land surface in the zone of saturation and capillary fringe. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}

Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.

Habitat: means the area or type of environment in which an organism or biological population normally lives or occurs. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Hazardous material: means a chemical or other material which is or may become injurious to the public health, safety, or welfare, or to the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20301

Hazardous substance: means 1 or more of the following, but does not include fruit, vegetable, or field crop residuals or processing by-products, or aquatic plants, that are applied to the land for an agricultural use or for use as an animal feed, if the use is consistent with generally accepted agricultural management practices at the time of the application or stamp sands:

(i) Any substance that the department demonstrates, on a case by case basis, poses an unacceptable risk to the public health, safety, or welfare, or the environment, considering the fate of the material, dose-response, toxicity, or adverse impact on natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Heating oil: means petroleum that is no. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Highway: means a state trunk line highway or a segment of a state trunk line highway. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Highway or street: means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained if any part of it is open to public use for vehicular travel. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Historic snowmobile: means a snowmobile that is over 25 years old and that is owned solely as a collector's item and for occasional use and for participation in club activities, exhibitions, tours, parades, and similar uses, including mechanical testing. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q

In-kind contributions: means services and goods as approved by the department that are provided by a grant recipient toward completion of a department-approved local snowmobile program under section 82107. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Incompatible offices: means public offices held by a public official which, when the official is performing the duties of any of the public offices held by the official, results in any of the following with respect to those offices held:

(i) The subordination of 1 public office to another. See Michigan Laws 15.181

Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}

Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.

Institution of higher education: means a college, university, community college, or junior college described in section 4, 5, or 6 of article 8 of the state constitution of 1963 or established under section 7 of article 8 of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 15.181

Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.

Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}

Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.

Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.

Irrevocable trust: means a trust over which no person holds a power of revocation. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement

Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.

Law of another state: means a law or ordinance enacted by any of the following:

(i) Another state. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}

Legacy: A gift of property made by will.

Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).

Lender: means any of the following:

(i) A state or nationally chartered bank. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.

Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.

Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).

Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.

LNAPL: means a light nonaqueous-phase liquid having a specific gravity less than 1 and composed of 1 or more organic compounds that are immiscible or sparingly soluble in water, and the term encompasses all potential occurrences of LNAPL. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Local governing body: means 1 of the following:

(i) With respect to farmland or open space land that is located in a city or village, the legislative body of the city or village. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

local unit: means a municipality or county. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Local unit of government: means a municipality, county, or governmental authority or any combination of municipalities, counties, or governmental authorities. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Local unit of government: means a city, village, township, county, fire department, or local health department as defined in section 1105 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Local unit of government: means a county, township, or municipality. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Maintained portion: means the roadway and any shoulder of a street, county road, or highway. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Majority leader: see Floor Leaders

Meeting: means the convening of a public body at which a quorum is present for the purpose of deliberating toward or rendering a decision on a public policy, or any meeting of the board of a nonprofit corporation formed by a city under section 4o of the home rule city act, 1909 PA 279, MCL 117. See Michigan Laws 15.262

Migrating NAPL: means NAPL that is observed to spread or expand laterally or vertically or otherwise result in an increased volume of the NAPL extent, usually indicated by time series data or observation. See Michigan Laws 324.21302

Mineral: means that term as defined in section 2 of the nonferrous metallic minerals extraction severance tax act. See Michigan Laws 206.31b

Minority leader: See Floor Leaders

Model zoning plan: means the model zoning plan provided for in section 35304 to 35309 and 35311a to 35324. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j

Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.

MTC: means article VII of EPIC, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Municipality: means a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Municipality: means a city or village. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

NAPL: means a nonaqueous-phase liquid or a nonaqueous-phase liquid solution composed of 1 or more organic compounds that are immiscible or sparingly soluble in water. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Native vegetation: means original or indigenous plants of this state including trees, shrubs, vines, wild flowers, aquatic plants, or ground cover. See Michigan Laws 324.35701

Natural: means in a state provided by nature, without human-made changes, wild, or uncultivated. See Michigan Laws 324.35701

Natural area: means a tract of state land or water under control of the department and dedicated and regulated by the department pursuant to this part which:

(i) Has retained or reestablished its natural character, or has unusual flora and fauna or biotic, geologic, scenic, or other similar features of educational or scientific value, but it need not be undisturbed. See Michigan Laws 324.35101

Natural gas: means natural gas, synthetic gas, and manufactured gas. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

natural resources: means land, surface water, groundwater, subsurface strata, air, fish, wildlife, or biota within this state. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.

Nongame fish and wildlife: means fish or wild animals that are unconfined and not ordinarily taken for sport, fur, or food, and the habitat that supports them. See Michigan Laws 324.43901

Notice: means a written or electronic record that informs a person of past or future action of the person generating the record. See Michigan Laws 24.205

Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.

Off-road vehicle account: means the off-road vehicle account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund established in section 2015. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Open space land: means 1 of the following:

(i) Lands defined as 1 or more of the following:

(A) Any undeveloped site included in a national registry of historic places or designated as a historic site pursuant to state or federal law. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Operate: means to ride in or on and be in actual physical control of the operation of a snowmobile. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Operate: means to ride in or on, and be in actual physical control of, the operation of an ORV. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Operator: means any individual who operates a snowmobile. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Operator: means a person who is in control of or responsible for the operation of a facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Operator: means a person who is presently, or was at the time of a release, in control of or responsible for the operation of an underground storage tank system. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Operator: means a person who is presently, or was at the time of a release, in control of, or responsible for, the operation of an underground storage tank system. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Operator: means an individual who operates or is in actual physical control of the operation of an ORV. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

ORV safety certificate: means an ORV safety certificate issued under section 81130 or, except as used in section 81130, a comparable safety certificate issued under the authority of another state or province of Canada. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.

Owner: means a person having a freehold estate in land coupled with possession and enjoyment. See Michigan Laws 324.36201

Owner: means any of the following:

(i) A person that holds the legal title to a snowmobile. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Owner: means a person who owns a facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Owner: means a person who holds, or at the time of a release who held, a legal, equitable, or possessory interest of any kind in an underground storage tank system or in the property on which an underground storage tank system is located, including, but not limited to, a trust, vendor, vendee, lessor, or lessee. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Owner: means a person who holds, or at the time of a release who held, a legal, equitable, or possessory interest of any kind in an underground storage tank system or in the property on which an underground storage tank system is or was located including, but not limited to, a trust, vendor, vendee, lessor, or lessee. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Owner: means a person having a freehold estate in land coupled with possession and enjoyment. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Owner: means any of the following:

(i) A vendee or lessee of an ORV that is the subject of an agreement for the conditional sale or lease of the ORV, with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement, and with an immediate right of possession vested in the conditional vendee or lessee. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.

Party: means a person or agency named, admitted, or properly seeking and entitled of right to be admitted, as a party in a contested case. See Michigan Laws 24.205

Peace officer: means any of the following:

(i) A sheriff. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Per stirpes: The legal means by which the children of a decedent, upon the death of an ancestor at a level above that of the decedent, receive by right of representation the share of the ancestor

Permit: means a permit for a use within a critical dune area under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Permitted release: means 1 or more of the following:

(i) A release in compliance with an applicable, legally enforceable permit issued under state law. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Permitted use: means any use expressly authorized within an agriculture conservation easement consistent with the farming operation or that does not adversely affect the productivity of the farmland. See Michigan Laws 324.36201

Permitted use: means any use expressly authorized within a development rights agreement, development rights easement, or agriculture conservation easement that is consistent with the farming operation or that does not alter the open space character of the land. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Person: means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, firm, organization, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Person: means an individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, or any other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 15.361

Person: means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, governmental subdivision, or public or private organization of any kind other than the agency engaged in the particular processing of a rule, declaratory ruling, or contested case. See Michigan Laws 24.205

person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Person: includes an individual, corporation, limited liability company, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, or association, or 2 or more persons having a joint or common interest in land. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

person who is liable: includes a person who is described as being subject to liability in section 20126. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Person with a disability: means an individual who has 1 or more of the following physical characteristics:

(i) Blindness. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Personal property: All property that is not real property.

Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.

Planning commission: means the body or entity within a local government that is responsible for zoning and land use planning for the local unit of government. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Planning commission: means a planning commission created under the Michigan planning enabling act, 2008 PA 33, MCL 125. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.

Political subdivision: includes all public bodies corporate within but not including the state, including all agencies thereof or any non-incorporated body within the state of whatever nature, including all agencies thereof. See Michigan Laws 15.303

Power: means a power of appointment over property. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Power of appointment: means a power created or reserved by a person having property subject to his or her disposition that enables the donee of the power to designate, within any limits that may be prescribed, the transferees of the property or the shares or the interests in which it shall be received. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}

Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.

Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.

Prior conviction: means a conviction for any of the following, whether under a law of this state, a local ordinance substantially corresponding to a law of this state, a law of the United States substantially corresponding to a law of this state, or a law of another state substantially corresponding to a law of this state:

(i) A violation or an attempted violation of section 81134(1), (3), (4), (5), (6), or (7), except that only 1 violation or attempted violation of section 81134(6), a local ordinance substantially corresponding to section 81134(6), a law of another state substantially corresponding to section 81134(6), or a law of the United States substantially corresponding to section 81134(6) may be used as a prior conviction other than for enhancement purposes as provided in section 81134(11)(b). See Michigan Laws 324.81101

(i) A violation or an attempted violation of section 82127(1), (3), (4), (5), (6), or (7), except that only 1 violation or attempted violation of section 82127(6), a local ordinance substantially corresponding to section 82127(6), or a law of another state substantially corresponding to section 82127(6), or a law of the United States substantially corresponding to section 82127(6) may be used as a prior conviction other than for enhancement purposes as provided in section 82129a(1)(b). See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Probate: Proving a will

Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.

Prohibited use: means a use that is not consistent with an agricultural use for farmland subject to a development rights agreement or is not consistent with the open space character of the land for lands subject to a development rights easement. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Property: means any legal or equitable interest in real or personal property, including choses in action. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Property: means real estate that is contaminated by a release from an underground storage tank system. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Property taxes: means general ad valorem taxes levied after January 1, 1974, on lands and structures in this state, including collection fees, but not including special assessments, penalties, or interest. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Public body: means any of the following:

(i) A state officer, employee, agency, department, division, bureau, board, commission, council, authority, or other body in the executive branch of the state government, but does not include the governor or lieutenant governor, the executive office of the governor or lieutenant governor, or employees thereof. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Public body: means any state or local legislative or governing body, including a board, commission, committee, subcommittee, authority, or council, that is empowered by state constitution, statute, charter, ordinance, resolution, or rule to exercise governmental or proprietary authority or perform a governmental or proprietary function; a lessee of such a body performing an essential public purpose and function pursuant to the lease agreement; or the board of a nonprofit corporation formed by a city under section 4o of the home rule city act, 1909 PA 279, MCL 117. See Michigan Laws 15.262

Public body: means all of the following:

(i) A state officer, employee, agency, department, division, bureau, board, commission, council, authority, or other body in the executive branch of state government. See Michigan Laws 15.361

Public employee: means an employee of this state, an employee of a city, village, township, or county of this state, or an employee of a department, board, agency, institution, commission, authority, division, council, college, university, school district, intermediate school district, special district, or other public entity of this state or of a city, village, township, or county in this state, but does not include a person whose employment results from election or appointment. See Michigan Laws 15.181

Public entity: means the state including all agencies thereof, any public body corporate within the state, including all agencies thereof, or any non-incorporated public body within the state of whatever nature, including all agencies thereof. See Michigan Laws 15.321

Public highway: means a road or highway under the jurisdiction of the state transportation department, a county road commission, or a local unit of government. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.

Public officer: means a person who is elected or appointed to any of the following:

(i) An office established by the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 15.181

Public officer: means a person appointed by the governor or another executive department official. See Michigan Laws 15.341

Public record: means a writing prepared, owned, used, in the possession of, or retained by a public body in the performance of an official function, from the time it is created. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Public servant: includes all persons serving any public entity, except members of the legislature and state officers who are within the provisions of section 10 of article 4 of the state constitution as implemented by legislative act. See Michigan Laws 15.321

Qualified taxpayer: means a taxpayer subject to the minerals severance tax levied under the nonferrous metallic minerals extraction severance tax act. See Michigan Laws 206.31b

Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.

RBCA: means the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) document entitled standard guide for risk-based corrective action applied at petroleum release sites, designation E 1739-95 (reapproved 2010) E1; standard guide for risk-based corrective action designation E 2081-00 (reapproved 2010) E1; and standard guide for development of conceptual site models and remediation strategies for light nonaqueous-phase liquids released to the subsurface designation E 2531-06 E1, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

RBSL: means the unrestricted residential and nonresidential generic cleanup criteria developed by the department pursuant to part 201. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.

Record: means information that is inscribed on a paper or electronic medium. See Michigan Laws 24.205

Recreational snowmobile trail improvement subaccount: means the recreational snowmobile trail improvement subaccount of the snowmobile account created in section 82110. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Regulated substance: means any of the following:

(i) A substance defined in section 101(14) of title I of the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act of 1980, Public Law 96-510, 42 U. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Regulated substance: means any of the following:

(i) A substance defined in section 101(14) of title I of the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act of 1980, Public Law 96-510, 42 USC 9601, but not including a substance regulated as a hazardous waste under subtitle C of the solid waste disposal act, title II of Public Law 89-272, 42 USC 6921 to 6939e. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Release: means renunciation, relinquishment, surrender, refusal to accept, and any other form of release. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Release: includes , but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of a hazardous substance into the environment, or the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing a hazardous substance. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Release: means any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging, escaping, leaching, or disposing from an underground storage tank system into groundwater, surface water, or subsurface soils. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Release: means any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging, escaping, or leaching from an underground storage tank system into groundwater, surface water, or subsurface soils. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.

Remainderman: One entitled to the remainder of an estate after a particular reserved right or interest, such as a life tenancy, has expired.

Remedial action: includes , but is not limited to, cleanup, removal, containment, isolation, destruction, or treatment of a hazardous substance released or threatened to be released into the environment, monitoring, maintenance, or the taking of other actions that may be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate injury to the public health, safety, or welfare, or to the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Remedial action plan: means a work plan for performing remedial action under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Reporting department: means a state department or agency that is required by the committee under this part to file 1 or more reports. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.

Response activity: means evaluation, interim response activity, remedial action, demolition, providing an alternative water supply, or the taking of other actions necessary to protect the public health, safety, or welfare, or the environment or the natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Restabilization: means restoration of the natural contours of a critical dune to the extent practicable, the restoration of the protective vegetative cover of a critical dune through the establishment of indigenous vegetation, and the placement of snow fencing or other temporary sand trapping measures for the purpose of preventing erosion, drifting, and slumping of sand. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Right-of-way: means that portion of a highway or street not including the roadway and any shoulder. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Roadway: means the portion of a street, county road, or highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for travel by vehicles registered under the code. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Roadway: means that portion of a highway or street improved, designated, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Route: means a forest road or other road that is designated for purposes of this part by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Rule: means a rule promulgated pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Saturated zone: means a soil area where the soil pores are filled with groundwater and can include the presence of LNAPL. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:

(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n

Security interest: means any interest, including a reversionary interest, in real property created or established for the purpose of securing a loan or other obligation. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

session days: means any calendar day on which the commission meets and a quorum is present. See Michigan Laws 15.212

Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.

Shall: is a lways mandatory and "may" is always discretionary. See Michigan Laws 206.2

shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c

Shoulder: means that portion of a street, county road, or highway contiguous to the roadway and generally extending the contour of the roadway, not designed for vehicular travel but maintained for the temporary accommodation of disabled or stopped motor vehicles otherwise permitted on the roadway. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Shoulder: means that portion of a highway or street on either side of the roadway that is normally snowplowed for the safety and convenience of vehicular traffic. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Site: means a location where a release has occurred or a threat of release exists from an underground storage tank system, excluding any location where corrective action was completed which satisfies the applicable RBSL or SSTL. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Snowmobile: means any motor-driven vehicle that is designed for travel primarily on snow or ice and that utilizes sled-type runners or skis, an endless belt tread, or any combination of these or other similar means of contact with the surface upon which it is operated, but is not a vehicle that must be registered under the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Snowmobile account: means the snowmobile account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2025. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Snowmobile registration fee subaccount: means the snowmobile registration fee subaccount of the snowmobile account created in section 82111. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Software: means a set of statements or instructions that when incorporated in a machine usable medium is capable of causing a machine or device having information processing capabilities to indicate, perform, or achieve a particular function, task, or result. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Southern county: means Muskegon, Kent, Ionia, Clinton, Shiawassee, Genesee, Lapeer, or Macomb County, or a county lying south of the territory constituted by these counties. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Special power: means a power, the permissible appointees of which do not include the donee, his or her estate, his or her creditors, or the creditors of his or her estate. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Special use project: means any of the following:

(i) A proposed use in a critical dune area for an industrial or commercial purpose regardless of the size of the site. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Specialty court program: means a program under any of the following:

(i) A drug treatment court, as defined in section 1060 of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Specialty court program: means a program under any of the following:

(i) A drug treatment court, as defined in section 1060 of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600. See Michigan Laws 324.82101

Species diversity: means the richness and variety of native species. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Spill: means any leaking, pumping, pouring, emptying, emitting, discharging, escaping, leaching, or disposing of a hazardous material in a quantity which is or may become injurious to the public health, safety, welfare, or to the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20301

SSTL: means an RBCA risk-based remedial action target level for contamination developed for a site under RBCA tier II and tier III evaluations. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

State income tax act: means the income tax act of 1967, 1967 PA 281, MCL 206. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

State land use agency: means the department of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

state officer: means only a person occupying one of the following offices established by the constitution: governor; lieutenant governor; secretary of state; state treasurer; attorney general; auditor general; superintendent of public instruction; member of the state board of education; regent of the university of Michigan; trustee of Michigan State University; governor of Wayne State University; member of a board of control of one of the other institutions of higher education named in section 4 of article 8 of the constitution or established by law as therein provided; president of each of the foregoing universities and institutions of higher learning; member of the state board for public community and junior colleges; member of the supreme court; member of the court of appeals; member of the state highway commission; director of the state highway commission; member of the liquor control commission; member of the board of state canvassers; member of the commission on legislative apportionment; member of the civil service commission; state personnel director; or member of the civil rights commission; together with his principal deputy who by law under specified circumstances, may exercise independently some or all of the sovereign powers of his principal whenever the deputy is actually exercising such powers. See Michigan Laws 15.303

State strategy: means the recommended state strategy prepared by the committee. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Statute: A law passed by a legislature.

Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.

Street: means a city or village major street or city or village local street as described in section 9 of 1951 PA 51, MCL 247. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Street: means city street or village street. See Michigan Laws 324.35701

Substantially undeveloped: means any parcel or area of land essentially unimproved except for a dwelling, building, structure, road, or other improvement that is incidental to agricultural and open space uses. See Michigan Laws 324.36101

Surface water: means all of the following, but does not include groundwater or an enclosed sewer, other utility line, storm water retention basin, or drainage ditch:

(i) The Great Lakes and their connecting waters. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Sustained yield: means the achievement and maintenance in perpetuity of regular periodic output of the various renewable resources without impairment of the productivity of the land. See Michigan Laws 324.35501

Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.

Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.

this part: includes "rules promulgated under this part". See Michigan Laws 324.20101

threat of release: means any circumstance that may reasonably be anticipated to cause a release. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

threatened release: means any circumstance that may reasonably be anticipated to cause a release. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.

Traffic lane: means a clearly marked lane on a roadway. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.

Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.

Trust: means that term as defined in section 2901 of EPIC, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Trust fund: means the Michigan game and fish protection trust fund established in section 41 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 43702. See Michigan Laws 324.43701

Trust fund: means the Michigan nongame fish and wildlife trust fund established in section 42 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 43902. See Michigan Laws 324.43901

Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.

Trustee: means a fiduciary or set of co-fiduciaries as described in section 2901(2)(j) of EPIC, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 556.112

Underground storage tank system: means a tank or combination of tanks, including underground pipes connected to the tank or tanks, which is, was, or may have been used to contain an accumulation of regulated substances, and the volume of which, including the volume of the underground pipes connected to the tank or tanks, is 10% or more beneath the surface of the ground. See Michigan Laws 324.21101

Unethical conduct: means a violation of the standards in section 2. See Michigan Laws 15.341

United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

Unmaintained portion: means the portion of a street, county road, or highway that is not the maintained portion. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Unusual circumstances: means any 1 or a combination of the following, but only to the extent necessary for the proper processing of a request:

(i) The need to search for, collect, or appropriately examine or review a voluminous amount of separate and distinct public records pursuant to a single request. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.

Use: means a developmental, silvicultural, or recreational activity done or caused to be done by a person that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area or a contour change done or caused to be done by a person. See Michigan Laws 324.35301

Vadose zone: means the soil between the land surface and the top of the capillary fringe. See Michigan Laws 324.21303

vehicle: means a motor-driven off-road recreation vehicle capable of cross-country travel without benefit of a road or trail, on or immediately over land, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, or other natural terrain. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.

Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.

Village street: means village major street or village local street as described in section 9 of Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.35701

Visual supervision: means the direct observation of the operator with the unaided or normally corrected eye by an observer who is able to come to the immediate aid of the operator. See Michigan Laws 324.81101

Volunteer: means an individual who is designated as a volunteer by the public entity designated by the governor and is acting solely on behalf of that entity without remuneration beyond reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the assistance. See Michigan Laws 324.20301

Waters of the state: means all groundwaters, lakes, rivers, streams, and other watercourses including the Great Lakes and their connecting waterways within the jurisdiction of the state. See Michigan Laws 324.20301

Wild area: means a tract of undeveloped state land or water under control of the department and dedicated and regulated by the department pursuant to this part which:

(i) Is less than 3,000 acres of state land. See Michigan Laws 324.35101

Wilderness area: means a tract of undeveloped state land or water under control of the department and dedicated and regulated by the department pursuant to this part which:

(i) Has 3,000 or more acres of state land or is an island of any size. See Michigan Laws 324.35101

Writing: means handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, photocopying, and every other means of recording, and includes letters, words, pictures, sounds, or symbols, or combinations thereof, and papers, maps, magnetic or paper tapes, photographic films or prints, microfilm, microfiche, magnetic or punched cards, discs, drums, hard drives, solid state storage components, or other means of recording or retaining meaningful content. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Written request: means a writing that asks for information, and includes a writing transmitted by facsimile, electronic mail, or other electronic means. See Michigan Laws 15.232

Zoning ordinance: means an ordinance of a local unit of government that regulates the development of critical dune areas within the local unit of government pursuant to the requirements of this part. See Michigan Laws 324.35301