Terms Used In New York Laws > Arts and Cultural Affairs > Title C - Transactions Involving Artists and Their Works

• Academic year: shall mean the regular school year beginning July first and ending June thirtieth. See N.Y. Education Law 651
• accredited investor: shall mean (i) a natural person whose individual net worth (or joint net worth with his or her spouse) will exceed one million dollars at the time of purchase, or (ii) a natural person who has an individual income (exclusive of any income attributable to a spouse) of more than two hundred thousand dollars for

  the past two years or joint income with a spouse of more than three hundred thousand dollars in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year, or (iii) an entity in which each equity owner is an accredited investor under subparagraph (i) or (ii) of this paragraph, or (iv) either an organization described in section 501 (C)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, a corporation, a Massachusetts or similar business trust, or a partnership, in each case not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities being offered, and with total assets in excess of five million dollars, or (v) a trust, with total assets in excess of five million dollars, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities, whose purchase of the securities is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in business and financial matters that he or she is capable, as defined by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment, or a bank, as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (A) acting in its fiduciary capacity as trustee, or (B) subscribing for the purchase of securities being offered on its own behalf. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03

• Accumulated contributions: shall mean the sum of all the amounts deducted from the compensation of a contributor, and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund together with regular interest thereon. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Adirondack park: shall include all lands located in the forest preserve counties of the Adirondacks within the following described boundaries, to wit: Beginning at the most southerly corner of lot 166 of the John Glen and 44 Others Patent in the line between such patent and the twenty-first allotment of the Kayaderosseras Patent; thence northeasterly along the said line and along the southerly bounds of John Glen and 44 Others Patent and of the Sanders Patent to the southeasterly corner of the Sanders Patent; thence continuing northeasterly along the division line between the twenty-second and twenty-fourth allotments of the Kayaderosseras Patent to the southeasterly corner of the twenty-fourth allotment of the Kayaderosseras Patent; thence northerly along the division line between the twenty-fourth and the twenty-fifth allotments of that patent to the northeasterly corner of the twenty-fourth allotment; thence easterly along the north line of the twenty-fifth allotment and the southerly lines of John Glen and 44 Others Patent, the Luzerne Tract and the Glen Patent to the southeasterly corner of the Glen Patent; thence northerly along the easterly lines of the Glen Patent and the Luzerne Tract to the northwesterly corner of the Queensbury Patent; thence easterly along the northerly bounds of the Queensbury Patent to the northeasterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the easterly bounds of the Queensbury Patent to the northwesterly corner of the Kingsbury Patent; thence easterly along the northerly bounds of the Kingsbury Patent to the southwesterly corner of the Artillery Patent; thence northerly along the westerly line of the Artillery Patent to the northwesterly corner of the Artillery Patent; thence easterly along the northerly bounds of the Artillery Patent to the southwesterly corner of the town of Whitehall; thence northerly along the westerly line of the town of Whitehall to the southern boundary of the town of Dresden; thence in a general northerly and easterly direction along the town line to the state boundary at the outlet of South Bay; thence in a northerly direction along the state boundary to the northeastern corner of the town of Peru in Clinton county; thence in a westerly direction to the low water line of Valcour Island; thence in a general northerly and westerly direction along the northern shore of Valcour Island to the northern boundary of the town of Peru; thence in a westerly direction along the northern boundary of the town of Peru to the eastern edge of the Delaware and Hudson railroad right-of-way; thence southerly along said eastern edge of the railroad right-of-way to the intersection of said right-of-way with the eastern edge of the right-of-way of U. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• advance ticket: shall mean a ticket of admission sold more than twelve hours in advance of the time of performance of the event for which the ticket is purchased. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Advisory committee: means the New York invasive species advisory committee established by section 9-1707 of this title. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Agent: means a person granted authority to act as attorney-in-fact for the principal under a power of attorney, and includes the original agent and any co-agent or successor agent. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Annual percentage rate: The cost of credit at a yearly rate. It is calculated in a standard way, taking the average compound interest rate over the term of the loan so borrowers can compare loans. Lenders are required by law to disclose a card account's APR. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appearance bond: means a bail bond in which the only obligor is the principal. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• applicant: includes that person designated to act for him and perform his official function in and during his actual absence or disability. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Applicant: means a district attorney, an assistant district attorney, and when empowered by law to conduct an investigation of or to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of a designated crime, the attorney general, an assistant attorney general, the deputy attorney general in charge of the statewide organized crime task force, or an assistant deputy attorney general of such task force. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 705.00
• Appropriate institution: means : (a) a hospital operated by the office of mental health or a developmental center operated by the office for people with developmental disabilities; or (b) a hospital licensed by the department of health which operates a psychiatric unit licensed by the office of mental health, as determined by the commissioner provided, however, that any such hospital that is not operated by the state shall qualify as an "appropriate institution" only pursuant to the terms of an agreement between the commissioner and the hospital. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Arbitration administrator: means an entity designated by the superintendent of financial services to administer the arbitration of disputes pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Civil Practice Law and Rules 7550
• art merchant: includes an auctioneer who sells such works at public auction, and except in the case of multiples, includes persons, not otherwise defined or treated as art merchants herein, who are consignors or principals of auctioneers. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Artist: means the creator of a work of fine art or, in the case of multiples, the person who conceived or created the image which is contained in or which constitutes the master from which the individual print was made. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Assault weapon: means

  (a) a semiautomatic rifle that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a pistol grip that protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon;

  (iii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iv) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (v) a bayonet mount;

  (vi) a flash suppressor, muzzle break, muzzle compensator, or threaded barrel designed to accommodate a flash suppressor, muzzle break, or muzzle compensator;

  (vii) a grenade launcher; or

  (b) a semiautomatic shotgun that has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (iv) a fixed magazine capacity in excess of seven rounds;

  (v) an ability to accept a detachable magazine; or

  (c) a semiautomatic pistol that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (iv) capacity to accept an ammunition magazine that attaches to the pistol outside of the pistol grip;

  (v) a threaded barrel capable of accepting a barrel extender, flash suppressor, forward handgrip, or silencer;

  (vi) a shroud that is attached to, or partially or completely encircles, the barrel and that permits the shooter to hold the firearm with the non-trigger hand without being burned;

  (vii) a manufactured weight of fifty ounces or more when the pistol is unloaded; or

  (viii) a semiautomatic version of an automatic rifle, shotgun or firearm;

  (d) a revolving cylinder shotgun;

  (e) a semiautomatic rifle, a semiautomatic shotgun or a semiautomatic pistol or weapon defined in subparagraph (v) of paragraph (e) of subdivision twenty-two of section 265. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• authorship: refers to the creator of a work of fine art or multiple or to the period, culture, source or origin, as the case may be, with which the creation of such work is identified in the description of the work. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Autographed: means bearing the actual signature of a sports personality, signed by such individual's own hand. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Bail bond: means a written undertaking, executed by one or more obligors, that the principal designated in such instrument will, while at liberty as a result of an order fixing bail and of the posting of the bail bond in satisfaction thereof, appear in a designated criminal action or proceeding when his attendance is required and otherwise

  render himself amenable to the orders and processes of the court, and that in the event that he fails to do so the obligor or obligors will pay to the people of the state of New York a specified sum of money, in the amount designated in the order fixing bail. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10

• balance sheet liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iv) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Bank holding company: when used in this article, means any company which (a) directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owns, controls, or holds with power to vote (i) ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article, or (ii) ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution, or (b) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of (i) a banking institution, or (ii) a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article, or (c) is a company, for the benefit of whose stockholders or members ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution or of a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article is held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees, or (d) through a combination of (i) ownership, control or holding, directly or indirectly, of voting stock and (ii) voting stock and held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the members or stockholders of such company, if such voting stock is voting stock of one or more banking institutions or of one of more companies which are or become bank holding companies by virtue of this article, as the case may be, is a company which would be a bank holding company if the aggregate of such voting stock were either entirely owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, by such company or entirely held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the members or stockholders of such company. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
• Banking institution: when used in this article, means a bank, a trust company, a stock-form savings bank or a stock-form savings and loan association. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
• banking institution: shall mean and include banks, trust companies, savings banks, savings and loan associations and foreign banking corporations licensed, pursuant to section twenty-six of this chapter, to maintain a branch in the state, as so defined. See N.Y. Banking Law 190
• banking law: refer to laws of the state;

  4. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• board: means "board of directors". See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• Board: shall mean the board of trustees of the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
• board: means the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• board of trustees: means the board of trustees of the city university of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• candidate: means an individual who seeks nomination for election, or election, to any public office or party position to be voted for at a primary, general or special or New York city community school district election or election for trustee of the Long Island Power Authority, whether or not the public office or party position has been specifically identified at such time and whether or not such individual is nominated or elected, and, for purposes of this subdivision, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomination for election, or election, to an office or position, if he has (1) taken the action necessary to qualify himself for nomination for election, or election, or (2) received contributions or made expenditures, given his consent for any other person to receive contributions or make expenditures, with a view to bringing about his nomination for election, or election, to any office or position at any time whether in the year in which such contributions or expenditures are made or at any other time; and

  8. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Capacity: means ability to comprehend the nature and consequences of the act of executing and granting, revoking, amending or modifying a power of attorney, any provision in a power of attorney, or the authority of any person to act as agent under a power of attorney. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cash bail: means a sum of money, in the amount designated in an order fixing bail, posted by a principal or by another person on his behalf with a court or other authorized public servant or agency, upon the condition that such money will become forfeit to the people of the state of New York if the principal does not comply with the directions of a court requiring his attendance at the criminal action or proceeding involved or does not otherwise render himself amenable to the orders and processes of the court. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• Catskill park: shall include all lands located in the counties of Greene, Delaware, Ulster and Sullivan within the following described boundaries, to wit: Beginning in Ulster county at the intersection of the easterly line of the Hardenburgh Patent with the southerly bounds of the Rondout Reservoir; thence running southwesterly along the easterly line of Great Lot 4 of the Hardenburgh Patent to the southeasterly corner of lot one of the East Allotment, east division of Great Lot 4; thence northwesterly along the southerly bounds of lots one, 7, 8, 14, 17, 22, 26, 33, 37 and 46 of said East Allotment, east division of Great Lot 4 and along the southerly bounds of lots 67, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42 and 41 of the Middle Allotment, east division of Great Lot 4 to the center of the Neversink creek; thence northerly along the center of the Neversink creek to the southeasterly corner of lot 37 of the West Allotment, east division of Great Lot 4; thence northwesterly along the southerly bounds of lots 37, 27, 22, 11 and 6 of said West Allotment, east division of Great Lot 4 to a point in the easterly line of the town of Rockland in Sullivan county; thence southerly along the easterly line of the town of Rockland in Sullivan county to the northeasterly corner of the town of Liberty; thence northwesterly along the northerly line of the town of Liberty in Sullivan county to the southwesterly corner of lot 120 of the East Allotment, middle division of Great Lot 4; thence northwesterly along the southerly bounds of lots 119 and 118 of the East Allotment, middle division of Great Lot 4 to a point in the center of the Willowemoc creek; thence westerly down the center of the Willowemoc creek to its confluence with the Beaver Kill; thence northwesterly down

  the center of said Beaver Kill to the southwesterly line of the town of Colchester in Delaware county; thence northwesterly along said southwesterly line of the town of Colchester in Delaware county to the westerly bank of the east branch of the Delaware river; thence along the westerly bank of the said east branch of the Delaware river and the westerly bounds of the Pepacton reservoir to its intersection with the mouth of the Bush Kill at or near the village of Arkville; thence up along the center of said Bush Kill to the New York Central Railroad; thence along the said New York Central Railroad easterly to the line between the counties of Delaware and Ulster; thence northeasterly along that line to the southerly line of Greene county; thence northwesterly along the southerly line of Greene county to the southwesterly corner of Great Lot No. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101

• Certificate of authenticity: means a written statement by an art merchant confirming, approving or attesting to the authorship of a work of fine art or multiple, which is capable of being used to the advantage or disadvantage of some person. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Certified psychologist: means a person who is registered as a certified psychologist under article one hundred fifty-three of the education law. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charge to the jury: The judge's instructions to the jury concerning the law that applies to the facts of the case on trial.
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• Child witness: means a person fourteen years old or less who is or will be called to testify in a criminal proceeding, other than a grand jury proceeding, concerning an offense defined in Article one hundred thirty of the penal law or section 255. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 65.00
• Chuka stick: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, consisting of two or more lengths of a rigid material joined together by a thong, rope or chain in such a manner as to allow free movement of a portion of the device while held in the hand and capable of being rotated in such a manner as to inflict serious injury upon a person by striking or choking. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• city: shall mean the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• city university: shall mean the city university of New York, including each senior college and each community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• city university: means the city university of New York under the jurisdiction of the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• clearly identified candidate: means that:

  (a) the name of the candidate involved appears;

  (b) a photograph or drawing of the candidate appears; or

  (c) the identity of the candidate is apparent by unambiguous reference. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Coastal communities: shall mean those areas on Long Island where the Magothy aquifer is either absent or contaminated with chlorides. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• Collectible: means an autographed sports item including, but not limited to, a photograph, book, ticket, plaque, sports program, trading card, item of sports equipment or clothing, or other sports memorabilia sold or offered for sale in or from this state by a dealer to a consumer for twenty-five dollars or more. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Commission: shall mean the empire state plaza art commission created by this article. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 4.03
• Commissioner: means the state commissioner of mental health or the state commissioner of the office for people with developmental disabilities. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Commissioner of finance: means the commissioner of finance of the city;

  6. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Commissioner of finance: means the commissioner of finance of the city. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• common operational control: means that (i) the same individual or individuals exercise actual and strategic control over the day-to-day affairs of both the political action committee and the independent expenditure committee, or (ii) employees of the political action committee and the independent expenditure committee engage in communications related to the strategic operations of either committee. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• communication: includes conversation and discussion. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• community college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered as such, by the board of trustees on July first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, whose primary purpose is providing certificate and associate degree post secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects, and is receiving financial assistance from the state as a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. ^{Source: OCC}
• Compact basin commission: shall mean an interstate commission having jurisdiction with respect to the regulation of water resources within a basin in the state, created by interstate compact or federal-interstate compact, including but not limited to, the Susquehanna river basin commission and the Delaware river basin commission. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Company: when used in this article, means any corporation, partnership, trust, unincorporated association, joint stock association or similar organization organized under the laws of the state of New York, or if not so organized, doing business in the state of New York, or any individual residing or doing business in the state of New York, or any combination of individuals which combination is residing or is doing business in the state of New York, any combination of the foregoing which combination is residing or is doing business in the state of New York, or any such individual and any of the foregoing acting in concert, but shall not include (a) any corporation the majority of the stock of which is owned by the United States or by any state unless the superintendent determines that it would be in the public interest to deem such a corporation to constitute a company, or (b) any corporation or community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, or educational purposes, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private stockholder or individual, and no substantial part of the activities of which is the carrying on of propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation unless the superintendent determines that it would be in the public interest to deem such a corporation, community chest, fund, or foundation to constitute a company, or (c) any corporation or partnership owning or controlling stock acquired in connection with an underwriting of securities and which is held only for such period of time as will permit the sale thereof upon a reasonable basis. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
• Compensation: means reasonable compensation authorized to be paid to the agent from assets of the principal for services actually rendered by the agent pursuant to the authority granted in a power of attorney. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Component local government entity: shall mean a local government entity that, as a result of successful consolidation proceedings, is combined into a consolidated local government entity. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• concert: shall mean any live performance whether musical or spoken, dramatic or nondramatic, by one or more performers, which is presented to the public in a place of entertainment, as defined in this subdivision. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• Conservation: means acts taken to correct deterioration and alteration and acts taken to prevent, stop or retard deterioration. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Consolidated local government entity: shall mean a local government entity resulting from successful consolidation proceedings conducted pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Consolidation: shall mean either (a) the combination of two or more local government entities resulting in the termination of the existence of each of the entities to be consolidated and the creation of a new entity which assumes jurisdiction over all of the terminated entities, or (b) the combination of two or more local government entities resulting in the termination of the existence of all but one of the entities which shall absorb the terminated entity or entities. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• constituted committee: means a state committee, a county committee or a duly constituted subcommittee of a county committee;

  4. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Consumer: means any natural person who purchases an autographed sports collectible from a dealer for personal, family or household purposes. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Contemplation of death: The expectation of death that provides the primary motive to make a gift.
• contents: when used with respect to a communication, includes any information concerning the identity of the parties to such communications, and the existence, substance, purport, or meaning of that communication. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Contiguous: shall mean when a portion of a town or village abuts the boundary of another town or village, including a town or village separated from the exact boundary of another town or village by a street, road, railroad, highway, river or other natural or artificial stream or body of water. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• contribution: means :

  (1) any gift, subscription, outstanding loan (to the extent provided for in section 14-114 of this chapter), advance, or deposit of money or any thing of value, made in connection with the nomination for election,

  or election, of any candidate, or made to promote the success or defeat of a political party or principle, or of any ballot proposal,

  (2) any funds received by a political committee from another political committee to the extent such funds do not constitute a transfer,

  (3) any payment, by any person other than a candidate or a political committee authorized by the candidate, made in connection with the nomination for election or election of any candidate, including any payment or expenditure where coordination has occurred as defined in section 14-107 of this article, or any payment made to promote the success or defeat of a political party or principle, or of any ballot proposal including but not limited to compensation for the personal services of any individual which are rendered in connection with a candidate's election or nomination without charge; provided however, that none of the foregoing shall be deemed a contribution if it is made, taken or performed by a candidate or his spouse or by a person or a political committee independent of the candidate or his agents or authorized political committees. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Corporation: means and includes all banks, trust companies, safe deposit companies, investment companies, mutual trust investment companies, and, to the extent not provided otherwise under any regulation of the superintendent of financial services promulgated pursuant to the provisions of section fourteen-e of this chapter, stock-form savings banks and stock-form savings and loan associations. See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
• Council: means the New York invasive species council established by section 9-1705 of this title. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Counterfeit: means a work of fine art or multiple made, altered or copied, with or without intent to deceive, in such manner that it appears or is claimed to have an authorship which it does not in fact possess. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Court reporter: A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request.
• Craft: means a functional or non-functional work individually designed, and crafted by hand, in any medium including but not limited to textile, tile, paper, clay, glass, fiber, wood, metal or plastic; provided, however, that if produced in multiples, craft shall not include works mass produced or produced in other than a limited edition. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Credit bureau: An agency that collects individual credit information and sells it for a fee to creditors so they can make a decision on granting loans. Typical clients include banks, mortgage lenders, credit card companies, and other financing companies. (Also commonly referred to as consumer-reporting agency or credit-reporting agency.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. ^{Source: OCC}
• Creditors: means "creditor" as defined in paragraph thirteen of subsection (b) of section 1--201 of the uniform commercial code. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Cross examine: Questioning of a witness by the attorney for the other side.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• dealer: includes an auctioneer who sells such collectibles at public auction, and includes persons who are consignors or principals of auctioneers. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Defendant: means a person who has been charged by an accusatory instrument with the commission of an offense. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 710.10
• Department of finance: means the department of finance of the city;

  7. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Description: means any representation in writing, including but not limited to a representation contained in an advertisement, invoice, catalog, flyer, sign, brochure, or other commercial or promotional material. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Designated crime: means any crime included within the definition of a "designated offense" in subdivision eight of section 700. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 705.00
• Designated offense: means any one or more of the following crimes:

  (a) A conspiracy to commit any offense enumerated in the following paragraphs of this subdivision, or an attempt to commit any felony enumerated in the following paragraphs of this subdivision which attempt would itself constitute a felony;

  (b) Any of the following felonies: assault in the second degree as defined in § 120. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05

• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Director: means (a) the director of a state hospital operated by the office of mental health or the director of a developmental center operated by the office for people with developmental disabilities, or (b) the director of a hospital operated by any local government of the state that has been certified by the commissioner as having adequate facilities to examine a defendant to determine if he is an incapacitated person, or (c) the director of community mental health services. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• discriminate: includes to segregate or separate. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 18-B
• Disguised gun: means any weapon or device capable of being concealed on the person from which a shot can be discharged through the energy of an explosive and is designed and intended to appear to be either; (a) something other than a gun; or (b) a toy gun that shall include, but not be limited to, any rifle, pistol, shotgun or machine-gun displaying a color finish other than the original manufacture color, a decorative pattern or plastic like surface; provided, however, that any rifle or shotgun displaying a camouflage color finish or pattern that is intended for hunting, as defined by article eleven of the environmental conservation law, shall not be considered a "disguised gun" for purposes of this section. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Dispose of: means to dispose of, give, give away, lease, loan, keep for sale, offer, offer for sale, sell, transfer and otherwise dispose of. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Disposition: means the disposal of a record by destruction, sale, gift, transfer to the local government archives, or by other authorized means. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Dissolution: shall mean the termination of the existence of a local government entity. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Dissolution plan: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the dissolution of a local government entity and that has been finalized and approved by such entity's governing body pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• district: means the entire state or any part thereof, as the case may be;

  7. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Doing business: when used in this article, shall include the maintenance by a foreign company of a place of business in this state, or the conduct by a foreign company of operations in this state, or the acquisition, owning or holding by a foreign company of any stock or assets of any banking institution or any company which directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds with power to vote ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
• Domestic corporation: means a corporation organized under the laws of the state; and

  8. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Dower: A widow
• duly constituted subcommittee of a county committee: means , outside the city of New York, a city, town or village committee, and, within the city of New York, an assembly district committee, which consists of all county committee members from the city, town, village or assembly district, as the case may be, and only such members;

  5. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Eavesdropping: means "wiretapping" "mechanical overhearing of conversation" or the "intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication" as those terms are defined in § 250. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Eavesdropping: means "wiretapping" "mechanical overhearing of a conversation" or "intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication" as those terms are defined in section 250. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 710.10
• Eavesdropping warrant: means an order of a justice authorizing or approving eavesdropping. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Ecosystem: means the complex of a community of organisms and its environment. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• education department optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to part V of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 180
• electing employee: means any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this part V of this article to participate in the education department optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 180
• electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• election: means all general, special and primary elections, but shall not include elections provided for pursuant to the education law, special district elections, fire district elections or library district elections. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Elector: shall mean a registered voter of this state registered to vote in the local government entity subject to consolidation or dissolution proceedings conducted pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Elector initiated consolidation plan: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the consolidation of two or more local government entities, a majority of whose electors have voted to consolidate, and that has been finalized and approved by the governing body or bodies of such entities or a judicial hearing officer pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Elector initiated dissolution plan: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the dissolution of a local government entity, a majority of whose electors have voted to dissolve, that has been finalized and approved by such entity's governing body or a judicial hearing officer pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• eligible employee: means each employee of the education department who occupies a position which is designated by the commissioner as requiring the rendering of professional services within the field of supervision of higher education, and who, at the time of his initial employment with the department or within one year prior thereto, owns or owned a contract which may legally be continued pursuant to this part. See N.Y. Education Law 180
• eligible employees: means members of the instructional staffs of the colleges administered by the board of higher education in the city of New York pursuant to the provisions of Article one hundred twenty-five of the education law, who are employed in the following titles: president, dean, director, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, tutor, fellow, lecturer, librarian, associate librarian, assistant librarian, library assistant, registrar, assistant registrar, registrar's assistant, principal, first assistant, supervisor, assistant teacher, critic teacher, teacher, college science assistant, college science technician, college engineering technician, and any other members of the instructional staffs of such colleges as defined in section sixty-two hundred six, subdivision 1b of the education law, and such other titles as the board in its discretion may add thereto, by reason of their close relationship to the educational purposes required to carry on the functions of the city university. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Eligible youth: means a youth who is eligible to be found a youthful offender. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 720.10
• Empire state plaza: shall mean the Governor Nelson A. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 4.03
• Employer: shall mean the state of New York, the city, the village, school district board or trustee, or other agency of and within the state by which a teacher is paid. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
• Enforcement officer: shall mean any person authorized to enforce the provisions of this title or the building code in the municipality in which the water well drilling activities are taking place. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Entertainment: means all forms of entertainment including, but not limited to, theatrical or operatic performances, concerts, motion pictures, all forms of entertainment at fair grounds, amusement parks and all types of athletic competitions including football, basketball, baseball, boxing, tennis, hockey, and any other sport, and all other forms of diversion, recreation or show. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• entity: shall mean a town, village, district, special improvement district or other improvement district, including, but not limited to, special districts created pursuant to articles eleven, twelve, twelve-A or thirteen of the town law, library districts, and other districts created by law; provided, however, that a local government entity shall not include school districts, city

  districts or special purpose districts created by counties under county law. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750

• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Established price: means the price fixed at the time of sale by the operator of any place of entertainment for admission thereto, which must be printed or endorsed on each ticket of admission. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Euro: shall mean the currency of participating member states of the European Union that adopt a single currency in accordance with the treaty on European Union signed February seventh, nineteen hundred ninety-two. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1601
• event: shall mean a theatrical production or sporting event, as those terms are defined in this subdivision, or any other public exhibition, game, show, contest or performance which is presented to the public in a place of entertainment as defined in this subdivision. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Examination report: means a report made by a psychiatric examiner wherein he sets forth his opinion as to whether the defendant is or is not an incapacitated person, the nature and extent of his examination and, if he finds that the defendant is an incapacitated person, his diagnosis and prognosis and a detailed statement of the reasons for his opinion by making particular reference to those aspects of the proceedings wherein the defendant lacks capacity to understand or to assist in his own defense. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Executive authority: includes the governor, and any person performing the functions of governor in a state other than this state. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 570.04
• Executrix: The female counterpart of an executor. See also
• Exigent circumstances: means conditions requiring the preservation of secrecy, and whereby there is a reasonable likelihood that a continuing investigation would be thwarted by alerting any of the

  persons subject to surveillance to the fact that such surveillance had occurred. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05

• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Final auction price: shall mean the price paid for a single ticket by a winning bidder. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Financial institution: means a financial entity, including, but not limited to: a bank, trust company, national bank, savings bank, federal mutual savings bank, savings and loan association, federal savings and loan association, federal mutual savings and loan association, credit union, federal credit union, branch of a foreign banking corporation, public pension fund, retirement system, securities broker, securities dealer, securities firm, and insurance company. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Fine art: means a painting, sculpture, drawing, or work of graphic art, and print, but not multiples. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Firearm: means (a) any pistol or revolver; or (b) a shotgun having one or more barrels less than eighteen inches in length; or (c) a rifle having one or more barrels less than sixteen inches in length; or (d) any weapon made from a shotgun or rifle whether by alteration, modification, or otherwise if such weapon as altered, modified, or otherwise has an overall length of less than twenty-six inches; or (e) an assault weapon. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Firearm silencer: means any instrument, attachment, weapon or appliance for causing the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms to be silent, or intended to lessen or muffle the noise of the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• foreign banking corporation: when used in this article, shall mean any banking institution organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States, any state of the United States or Puerto Rico. See N.Y. Banking Law 221-B
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation which is licensed by the superintendent under the provisions of article two of this chapter to do business in this state or is applying for such license and a corporation authorized to conduct business in this state pursuant to article five-C of this chapter or is applying for such authorization. See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• foreign national: means foreign national as such term is defined by subsection (b) of section 30121 of title 52 of the United States code. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• forest fire: is a fire which is burning forest or wood lands, or which, if permitted to extend, would burn forest or upon forest lands. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101
• Forest land: includes not only lands which may be covered with tree growth but also lands which are best adapted to forests. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101
• forest preserve: shall include the lands owned or hereafter acquired by the state within the county of Clinton, except the towns of Altona and Dannemora, and the counties of Delaware, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, Saratoga, Saint Lawrence, Warren, Washington, Greene, Ulster and Sullivan, except:

  a. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101

• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• general public audience: means an audience composed of members of the public, including a targeted subgroup of members of the public; provided, however, it does not mean an audience solely comprised of members, retirees and staff of a labor organization or members of their households or an audience solely comprised of employees of a corporation, unincorporated business entity or members of a business, trade or professional association or organization. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Ghost gun: means a firearm, rifle or shotgun that does not comply with the provisions of section 265. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• GIS: means geographic information system. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Governing body: means the town board, village board of trustees, city council, county legislature or board of supervisors, board of education or board of trustees of a school district or board of cooperative educational services, board of fire commissioners or other body authorized by law to govern the affairs of a local government. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Governing body: shall mean the body in which the general legislative, governmental and/or public powers of a local government entity are vested and by authority of which the official business of such entity is conducted. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Governor: includes any person performing the functions of governor by authority of the law of this state. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 570.04
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Gunsmith: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or company who engages in the business of repairing, altering, assembling,

  manufacturing, cleaning, polishing, engraving or trueing, or who performs any mechanical operation on, any firearm, large capacity ammunition feeding device or machine-gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Health care provider: includes any person or entity employed or otherwise involved in the provision of health care or treatment. See N.Y. Civil Practice Law and Rules 7550
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Hemp: means the plant Cannabis sativa L. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
• housing accommodation: includes any building, structure, or portion thereof which is used or occupied or is intended, arranged or designed to be used or occupied, as the home, residence or sleeping place of one or more human beings, but shall not include any accommodations operated by a religious or denominational organization as part of its religious or denominational activities. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 18-B
• Hudson river valley: means the Hudson river and adjacent areas between the Adirondack Mountains and the tip of Manhattan Island in the city of New York. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 10.03
• Illicit alcoholic beverage: means and includes any alcohol or distilled spirits owned, manufactured, distributed, bought, sold, bottled, rectified, blended, treated, fortified, mixed, processed, warehoused, possessed or transported on which any tax required to have been paid under any applicable federal law has not been paid. See N.Y. Alcoholic Beverage Control Law 150
• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• Incapacitated: means to be without capacity. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Incapacitated person: means a defendant who as a result of mental disease or defect lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or to assist in his own defense. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• independent expenditure committee: means a political committee, that makes only independent expenditures as defined in this article, and does not coordinate with a candidate, candidate's authorized committees or an agent of the candidate as defined in paragraph (g) of subdivision one of section 14-107 of this article. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Initiative: shall mean the filing of the petition containing a proposal for a referendum to be placed on the ballot for an election. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Institute: means the Institute for the Hudson River Collection created by this article. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 10.03
• Institution of higher education: means :

  (a) any of the colleges and universities described in subdivision three of § 352 of the education law;

  (b) a college established and operated pursuant to the provisions of article one hundred twenty-six of the education law, and providing two-year or four-year post-secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects and receiving financial assistance from the state;

  (c) the city university of New York, as defined in subdivision two of § 6202 of the education law; and

  (d) a not-for-profit two or four-year university or college given the power to confer associate, baccalaureate or higher degrees in this state by the legislature or by the regents under Article 5 of the education law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505

• Insurance company bail bond: means a surety bond, executed in the form prescribed by the superintendent of financial services, in which the surety-obligor is a corporation licensed by the superintendent of financial services to engage in the business of executing bail bonds. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to supervision by the department of financial services of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• insurer: means a life insurance corporation, or other corporation, subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 180
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interbasin diversion: shall mean the transfer of water or wastewater from one New York major drainage basin to another drainage basin. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Intercepted communication: means (a) a telephonic or telegraphic communication which was intentionally overheard or recorded by a person other than the sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment, or (b) a conversation or discussion which was intentionally overheard or recorded, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat, by means of any instrument, device or equipment; or (c) an electronic communication which was intentionally intercepted or accessed, as that term is defined in section 250. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Internal Revenue Code: means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Introduction: means the intentional or unintentional escape, release, dissemination, or placement of a species into an ecosystem as a result of human activity. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Invasive species: means a species that is:

  (a) nonnative to the ecosystem under consideration; and

  (b) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703

• Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Joint consolidation agreement: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the consolidation of two or more local government entities and that has been finalized and approved by the governing body or bodies of such entities pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Joint session: When both chambers of a legislature adopt a concurrent resolution to meet together.
• Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Justice: except as otherwise provided herein, means any justice of an appellate division of the judicial department in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed, or any justice of the supreme court of the judicial district in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed, or any county court judge of the county in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Justice: means justice as defined in subdivision four of section 700. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 705.00
• Kung Fu star: means a disc-like object with sharpened points on the circumference thereof and is designed for use primarily as a weapon to be thrown. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• labor organization: means any organization of any kind which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of representing employees employed within the state of New York in dealing with employers or

  employer organizations or with a state government, or any political or civil subdivision or other agency thereof, concerning terms and conditions of employment, grievances, labor disputes, or other matters incidental to the employment relationship. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Large capacity ammunition feeding device: means a magazine, belt, drum, feed strip, or similar device, that (a) has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than ten rounds of ammunition, or * (b) contains more than seven rounds of ammunition, or (c) is obtained after the effective date of the chapter of the laws of two thousand thirteen which amended this subdivision and has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than seven rounds of ammunition

  * NB Suspended and NOT Effective per ch 1/2013 § 58, as amended by ch 57/2013 Pt. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Law enforcement officer: means any public servant who is empowered by law to conduct an investigation of or to make an arrest for a designated offense, and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of a designated offense. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
• License: means a license, permit or registration issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
• Licensing officer: means in the city of New York the police commissioner of that city; in the county of Nassau the commissioner of police of that county; in the county of Suffolk the sheriff of that county except in the towns of Babylon, Brookhaven, Huntington, Islip and Smithtown, the commissioner of police of that county; for the purposes of section 400. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Limited edition: means works of art produced from a master, all of which are the same image and bear numbers or other markings to denote the limited production thereof to a stated maximum number of multiples, or are otherwise held out as limited to a maximum number of multiples. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• limited liability company: means a domestic limited liability company or a foreign limited liability company, as defined in section one hundred two of the limited liability company law, a limited liability investment company formed pursuant to section five hundred seven of the banking law, or a limited liability company formed pursuant to § 102-a of the banking law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1701
• limited liability company: means a domestic limited liability company or a foreign limited liability company, as defined in section one hundred two of the limited liability company law, a limited liability investment company formed pursuant to § 507 of the banking law, or a limited liability trust company formed pursuant to § 102-a of the banking law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Lloyd Sands: shall mean that geological strata generally known to be the deepest and oldest water-bearing layer of the Long Island aquifer system and shall not include bedrock. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Loaded firearm: means any firearm loaded with ammunition or any firearm which is possessed by one who, at the same time, possesses a quantity of ammunition which may be used to discharge such firearm. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Local government: means any county, city, town, village, school district, board of cooperative educational services, district corporation, public benefit corporation, public corporation, or other government created under state law that is not a state department, division, board, bureau, commission or other agency, heretofore or hereafter established by law. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Local officer: shall mean and include a local officer as defined in § 2 of the public officers law and any officer of a public benefit corporation. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Machine-gun: means a weapon of any description, irrespective of size, by whatever name known, loaded or unloaded, from which a number of shots or bullets may be rapidly or automatically discharged from a magazine with one continuous pull of the trigger and includes a sub-machine gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
• Master: when used alone is used in lieu of and means the same as such things as printing plate, stone, block, screen, photographic negative or other like material which contains an image used to produce visual art objects in multiples, or in the case of sculptures, a mold, model, cast, form or other prototype, other than from glass, which additional multiples of sculpture are produced, fabricated or carved. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• mayor: shall mean the mayor of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Monitor: means a person appointed in the power of attorney who has the authority to request, receive, and seek to compel the agent to provide a record of all receipts, disbursements, and transactions entered into by the agent on behalf of the principal. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• multiples: means prints, photographs, positive or negative, sculpture and similar art objects produced in more than one copy and sold, offered for sale or consigned in, into or from this state for an amount in excess of one hundred dollars exclusive of any frame or in the case of sculpture, an amount in excess of fifteen hundred dollars. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• Native species: means , with respect to a particular ecosystem, a species that, other than as a result of an introduction, historically occurred or currently occurs in that ecosystem. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Net earnings from self-employment: means the same as net earnings from self-employment as defined in subsection (a) of section fourteen hundred two of the internal revenue code, except that the deduction for wages and salaries paid or incurred for the taxable year which is not allowed pursuant to section two hundred eighty C of such code shall be allowed, and except that an estate or trust shall be deemed to have net earnings from self-employment determined in the same manner as if it were an individual subject to the tax on self-employment income imposed by section fourteen hundred one of the internal revenue code diminished by: (1) the amount of any deduction allowed by subsection (c) of section six hundred forty-two of the internal revenue code and (2) the deductions allowed by sections six hundred fifty-one and six hundred sixty-one of said code to the extent that they represent distributions or payments to a resident of the city. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• non-candidate expenditures: means expenditures made by a party committee or a constituted committee to maintain a permanent headquarters and staff and carry on ordinary party activities not promoting the candidacy of specific candidates;

  6. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100

• Non-statutory power of attorney: means a power of attorney that is not a statutory short form power of attorney. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Not-for-profit organization: means a domestic corporation incorporated pursuant to or otherwise subject to the not-for-profit corporation law, a charitable organization registered with the department of law, a religious corporation as defined in § 66 of the general construction law, a trustee as defined in section 8-1. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligor: means a person who executes a bail bond on behalf of a principal and thereby assumes the undertaking described therein. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• Office: means in the case of a bank or trust company its principal office, in the case of a safe deposit company, investment company or mutual trust investment company, its principal place of business and in the case of a foreign corporation the place of business designated in its license or its authorization pursuant to article five-C of this chapter, as the case may be, for the oldest agency or branch in this state of such foreign corporation. See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• On consignment: means that no title to, estate in, or right to possession of, the work of fine art or multiple that is superior to that of the consignor vests in the consignee, notwithstanding the consignee's power or authority to transfer or convey all the right, title and interest of the consignor, in and to such work, to a third person. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Operator: means any person who owns, operates, or controls a place of entertainment or who promotes or produces an entertainment. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Operator: means the individual authorized by the court to operate the closed-circuit television equipment used in accordance with the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 65.00
• optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Order of examination: means an order issued to an appropriate director by a criminal court wherein a criminal action is pending against a defendant or by a court evaluating the capacity of an alleged violator in a parole revocation proceeding pursuant to subparagraph (xii) of paragraph (f) of subdivision three of section two hundred fifty-nine-i of the executive law, or by a family court pursuant to section 322. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Organization certificate: includes (a) the original organization certificate or any other instrument filed or issued under any statute to form a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute; or (b) a special act or charter creating a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by special acts or by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute. See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• owner: includes the lessee, sub-lessee, assignee, managing agent, or other person having the right of ownership or possession or the right to rent or lease housing accommodations and includes the state and any of its political subdivisions and any agency thereof. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 18-B
• partnership: shall include , unless a different meaning is clearly required, a subchapter K limited liability company. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1701
• partnership: shall include , unless a different meaning is clearly required, a subchapter K limited liability company. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• party committee: means any committee provided for in the rules of the political party in accordance with section two-one hundred of this chapter, other than a constituted committee. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Pen register: means a device which records or decodes electronic or other impulses which identify the numbers dialed or otherwise transmitted on the telephone line to which such device is attached, but such term does not include any device used by a provider or customer of a wire or electronic communication service for billing, or recording as an incident to billing, for communications services provided by such provider or any device used by a provider or customer of a wire communication service for cost accounting or other like purposes in the ordinary course of its business. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 705.00
• Pension: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from payments made by an employer as provided in this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• Performing group: means any vocal or instrumental group seeking to use, using, advertising the use of, or promoting the name of a recording group that has previously released a commercial sound recording under the name of such recording group. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 34.03
• person: shall mean an individual, firm, company, partnership, corporation, trust or association. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Person: means any individual, firm, co-partnership, association or corporation, other than the state or a public corporation, as the latter is defined in subdivision 1 of § 3 of the General Corporation Law. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-0101
• Person: means any natural person, partnership, corporation, company, trust, association or other entity, however organized. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Person: means an individual, whether acting for himself or herself, or as a fiduciary or as an official of any legal, governmental or commercial entity (including, but not limited to, any such entity identified in this subdivision), corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, government agency, government entity, government instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• person: includes one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy and receivers or other fiduciaries. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 18-B
• Person: shall mean any individual, public or private corporation, political subdivision, government agency, department or bureau of the state, municipality, industry, co-partnership, association, firm, trust, estate or any other legal entity whatsoever. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Physical structure: means the place of entertainment, or in the case where a structure either partially or wholly surrounds the place of entertainment, such surrounding structure. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Pilum ballistic knife: means any knife which has a blade which can be projected from the handle by hand pressure applied to a button, lever, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• place of entertainment: shall mean a theatre, dinner theatre, hall, coliseum, convention center, arena, auditorium, stadium, concert hall, garden, outdoor space or other place of amusement operated as a for profit entity and located in this state in which theatrical productions, sporting events or other events are presented. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Place of entertainment: means any privately or publicly owned and operated entertainment facility such as a theatre, stadium, arena, racetrack, museum, amusement park, or other place where performances, concerts, exhibits, athletic games or contests are held for which an entry fee is charged. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plan: means the plan developed pursuant to section 9-1705 of this title. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. ^Source:
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• political action committee: means a political committee which makes no expenditures to aid or take part in the election or defeat of a candidate, or to promote the success or defeat of a ballot proposal, other than in the form of contributions, including in-kind contributions, to candidates, candidate's authorized committees, party committees, constituted committees, or independent expenditure committees provided there is no common operational control between the political action committee and the independent expenditure committee; or in the form of communications that are not distributed to a general public audience as described in subdivision thirteen of this section. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• political committee: means any corporation aiding or promoting and any committee, political club or combination of one or more persons operating or co-operating to aid or to promote the success or defeat of a political party or principle, or of any ballot proposal; or to aid or take part in the election or defeat of a candidate for public office or to aid or take part in the election or defeat of a candidate for nomination at a primary election or convention, including all proceedings prior to such primary election, or of a candidate for any party position voted for at a primary election, or to aid or defeat the nomination by petition of an independent candidate for public office; but nothing in this article shall apply to any committee or organization for the discussion or advancement of political questions or principles without connection with any vote or to a national committee organized for the election of presidential or vice-presidential candidates; provided, however, that a person or corporation making a contribution or contributions to a candidate or a political committee which has filed pursuant to section 14-118 shall not, by that fact alone, be deemed to be a political committee as herein defined. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Potable water: shall mean water intended for human consumption that meets the requirements for a public water system as set forth in the state sanitary code. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Potential testimony: means information or factual knowledge of a person who is or may be available as a witness. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 710.10
• Power of attorney: means a written document, other than a document referred to in section 5-1501C of this title, by which a principal with capacity designates an agent to act on his or her behalf and includes both a statutory short form power of attorney and a non-statutory power of attorney. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Preauthorized electronic fund transfers: An EFT authorized in advance to recur at substantially regular intervals. ^{Source: OCC}
• Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
• Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• President: shall mean the president of the corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• principal: shall mean and include every person or firm directly or indirectly controlling the business affairs or operations of a theatrical production company or of a ticket distributor, as defined herein. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Principal: means an individual who is eighteen years of age or older, acting for himself or herself and not as a fiduciary or as an official of any legal, governmental or commercial entity, who executes a power of attorney. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Proofs: means multiples which are the same as, and which are produced from the same masters as, the multiples in a limited edition, but which, whether so designated or not, are set aside from and are in addition to the limited edition to which they relate. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Property: includes , but is not limited to, money, rights to claim refunds or rebates, postal savings deposits, bonds, notes, certificates, policies of insurance, other instruments of value, choses in action, obligations whether written or unwritten, and any thing of value of any nature whatsoever. See N.Y. Abandoned Property Law 1214
• Proposed dissolution plan: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the dissolution of a local government entity, and that has been proposed, but not yet finalized and approved, by such entity's governing body pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Proposed elector initiated consolidation plan: shall mean a written document that contains terms and information regarding the consolidation of two or more local government entities, a majority of whose respective electors have voted to consolidate such entities, that has been proposed, but not yet finalized and approved, by the governing body or bodies of such entities pursuant to this article. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Psychiatric examiner: means a qualified psychiatrist or a certified psychologist who has been designated by a director to examine a defendant pursuant to an order of examination. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 730.10
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Public water supply system: shall mean a permanently installed water withdrawal system including its source, collection, pumping,

  treatment, transmission, storage and distribution facilities used in connection with such system, which provides piped potable water to the public for potable purposes, if such system has at least five service connections used by year-round residents. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502

• publicly assisted housing accommodation: includes any housing accommodation within the state of New York

  (a) which, after July first, nineteen hundred fifty, is granted exemption in whole or in part from taxes levied by the state or any of its political subdivisions;

  (b) which is constructed after July first, nineteen hundred fifty, on land sold below cost by the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof, pursuant to the federal housing act of nineteen hundred forty-nine;

  (c) which is constructed after July first, nineteen hundred fifty, in whole or in part on property acquired or assembled by the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof through the power of condemnation or otherwise for the purpose of such construction;

  (d) for the acquisition, construction, repair or maintenance of which the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof supplies, after July first, nineteen hundred fifty, funds or other financial assistance;

  (e) (1) which is located in a multiple dwelling; and (2) the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, repair or maintenance of which is, after July first, nineteen hundred fifty-five, financed in whole or in part by a loan, whether or not secured by a mortgage, the repayment of which is guaranteed or insured by the federal government or any agency thereof, or the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof, provided that such a housing accommodation shall be deemed to be publicly assisted only during the life of such loan and such guaranty or insurance; or

  (f) which is offered for sale by a person who owns or otherwise controls the sale of ten or more housing accommodations located on land that is contiguous (exclusive of public streets), if (1) the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, repair or maintenance of such housing accommodations is, after July first, nineteen hundred fifty-five, financed in whole or in part by a loan, whether or not secured by a mortgage, the repayment of which is guaranteed or insured by the federal government or any agency thereof, or the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof, provided that such a housing accommodation shall be deemed to be publicly assisted only during the life of such loan and guaranty or insurance, or (2) a commitment, issued by a government agency after July first, nineteen hundred fifty-five, is outstanding that acquisition of such housing accommodations may be financed in whole or in part by a loan, whether or not secured by a mortgage, the repayment of which is guaranteed or insured by the federal government or any agency thereof, or the state or any of its political subdivisions or any agency thereof. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 18-B

• Rapid-fire modification device: means any bump stock, trigger crank, binary trigger system, burst trigger system, or any other device that is designed to accelerate the rate of fire of a semi-automatic firearm, rifle or shotgun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Record: means any book, paper, map, photograph, or other information-recording device, regardless of physical form or characteristic, that is made, produced, executed, or received by any local government or officer thereof pursuant to law or in connection with the transaction of public business. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Recording group: means any vocal or instrumental group at least one of whose members has previously released a commercial sound recording under that group's name and in which such member or members have a legal right by virtue of use or operation under the group name without having abandoned the name or affiliation with the group. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 34.03
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Referendum: shall mean a vote seeking approval by a majority of electors of a local government entity or entities voting on a question of consolidation or dissolution placed on the ballot by initiative. See N.Y. General Municipal Law 750
• REIT: means a real estate investment trust as defined in section eight hundred fifty-six of the internal revenue code. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• representative: shall mean any person or entity engaging in any activity in this state for or on behalf of a foreign banking corporation, provided that such activity is not otherwise permitted by law. See N.Y. Banking Law 221-B
• Reproduction: means a copy, in any medium, of a work of fine art, that is displayed or published under circumstances that, reasonably construed, evinces an intent that it be taken as a representation of a work of fine art as created by the artist. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Reproduction right: means a right to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, distribute copies of, publicly perform or publicly display a work of fine art. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Resale: means any sale of a ticket for entrance to a place of entertainment located within the boundaries of the state of New York other than a sale by the operator or the operator's agent who is expressly authorized to make first sales of such tickets. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Retention period: means the minimum length of time that must elapse before a record is eligible for disposition. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 57.17
• Retirement board: shall mean the retirement board provided by section five hundred four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• Retirement fund: shall mean the state teachers' retirement fund for public school teachers of the state of New York as created by chapter one hundred forty of the laws of nineteen hundred ten, chapter four hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eleven, chapter forty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fourteen, chapter one hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred nineteen and chapter one hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-three. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• Retirement system: shall mean the New York state teachers' retirement system provided for in section five hundred two of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• RIC: means a regulated investment company as defined in section eight hundred fifty-one of the internal revenue code. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Rifle: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed metallic cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). ^{Source: OCC}
• Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
• salary: means all amounts paid by or for the city of New York as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Sculpture: means a three-dimensional fine art object produced, fabricated or carved in multiple from a mold, model, cast, form or other prototype, other than from glass, sold, offered for sale or consigned in, into or from this state for an amount in excess of fifteen hundred dollars. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Secured bail bond: means a bail bond secured by either:

  (a) Personal property which is not exempt from execution and which, over and above all liabilities and encumbrances, has a value equal to or greater than the total amount of the undertaking; or

  (b) Real property having a value of at least twice the total amount of the undertaking. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10

• Serious offense: means (a) any of the following offenses defined in the current penal law and any offense in any jurisdiction or the former penal law that includes all of the essential elements of any of the following offenses: illegally using, carrying or possessing a pistol or other dangerous weapon; possession of burglar's tools; criminal possession of stolen property in the third degree; escape in the third degree; jostling; fraudulent accosting; endangering the welfare of a child; obscenity in the third degree; issuing abortional articles; permitting prostitution; promoting prostitution in the third degree; stalking in the fourth degree; stalking in the third degree; sexual misconduct; forcible touching; sexual abuse in the third degree; sexual abuse in the second degree; criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree; criminally possessing a hypodermic instrument; criminally using drug paraphernalia in the second degree; criminal possession of methamphetamine manufacturing material in the second degree; and a hate crime defined in article four hundred eighty-five of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Service: shall mean actual teaching or supervision by the teacher during regular school hours of the day, and shall mean governmental service in the state of New York in another capacity where the teacher was a member of the New York state employees retirement system, and where such service was credited to the teacher in the said New York state employees retirement system. See N.Y. Education Law 501
• Shotgun: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire through a smooth bore either a number of ball shot or a single projectile for each single pull of the trigger. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Sign: means to place any memorandum, mark or sign, written, printed, stamped, photographed, engraved or otherwise upon an instrument or writing, or to use an electronic signature as that term is defined in subdivision three of § 302 of the state technology law, with the intent to execute the instrument, writing or electronic record. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• Signed: means autographed by the artist's own hand, and not by mechanical means of reproduction, after the multiple was produced, whether or not the master was signed or unsigned. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Species: means a group of organisms all of which have a high degree of physical and genetic similarity, generally interbreed only among themselves, and show persistent differences from members of allied groups of organisms. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 9-1703
• State agency: means any state board, body, bureau, commission, council, department, public authority, public corporation, division, office or other governmental entity performing a governmental or proprietary function for the state. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 10.03
• state salary: means all amounts paid by or for the state as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. Education Law 180
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Statutory short form power of attorney: means a power of attorney that meets the requirements of paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subdivision one of section 5-1501B of this title, and that substantially conforms to the wording of the form set forth in section 5-1513 of this title; provided however, that any section indicated as "Optional" that is not used may be omitted and replaced by the words "Intentionally Omitted". See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• subpoena: includes a "subpoena duces tecum. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 610.10
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Subsidiary: when used in this article, means (a) any company ten per centum or more of whose voting stock is directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by a bank holding company; or (b) any company the election of a majority of whose directors is controlled in any manner by a bank holding company; or (c) any company ten per centum or more of whose voting stock is directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the stockholders or members of a bank holding company; or (d) any company at least ten per centum of the voting stock of which is directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owned, controlled or held with power to vote by a combination of a bank holding company and by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the stockholders or members of such bank holding company. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
• subsidiary: when used in this article, shall each have the same meaning specified in section one hundred forty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
• Subsidiary trust company: when used in this article, means a trust company which is subject to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
• Successor in interest: shall mean a "personal representative" "testamentary beneficiary" trustee or beneficiary of a "lifetime trust" or an "heir" (including heirs who acquire the work of fine art, craft or print from the artist or craftsperson or from another heir or beneficiary of the artist or craftsperson), which terms shall have the same meanings as set forth in the estates, powers and trusts law. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Supplier: means any person who provides collectibles to a dealer specifically for the purposes of re-sale. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 60.01
• Surety: means an obligor who is not a principal. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• Surety bond: means a bail bond in which the obligor or obligors consist of one or more sureties or of one or more sureties and the principal. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 500.10
• Switchblade knife: means any knife which has a blade which opens automatically by hand pressure applied to a button, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Syndication: shall mean all forms, methods and devices for pooling of investment funds for the chief purpose of participating in a theatrical production company, as defined herein. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Tax appeals tribunal: means the tax appeals tribunal established by section one hundred sixty-eight of the charter. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Taxable year: means the taxpayer's taxable year for federal income tax purposes. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• Taxpayer: means any corporation, association or other entity or individual subject to tax under this chapter;

  2. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Teacher: shall mean any regular teacher, special teacher, including any school librarian or physical training teacher, principal, vice-principal,

  supervisor,

  supervisory

  principal,

  director, superintendent, city superintendent, assistant city superintendent, district superintendent and other member of the teaching or professional staff of any class, public school, vocational school, truant reformatory school or parental school, and of any or all classes of schools within the state of New York, including schools on the Indian reservation, conducted under the order and superintendence of and wholly or partly at the expense of the New York state education department or of a duly elected board of education, board of school directors or board of trustees of the state or of any city or school district thereof, provided that no person shall be deemed a teacher within the meaning of this article who is not so employed for full time outside vacation periods. See N.Y. Education Law 501

• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Testate: To die leaving a will.
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimonial room: means any room, separate and apart from the courtroom, which is furnished comfortably and less formally than a courtroom and from which the testimony of a vulnerable child witness can be transmitted to the courtroom by means of live, two-way closed-circuit television. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 65.00
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• theatrical production: shall mean those live-staged dramatic productions, dramatic-musical productions and concerts, as defined in this subdivision, which hereafter are shown to the public for profit and which are financed wholly or in part by the offering or sale in or from this state, directly, or through agents or distributors, of investment agreements, evidences of interest, limited partnerships, producer shares, equity or debt securities, pre-organization subscriptions or any other syndication participation, when any persons are offered, solicited to purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, such syndication interests for moneys or services within or from the state of New York; provided, however, that for purposes of paragraphs (h) and (i) of this subdivision a "theatrical production" shall mean any live-staged dramatic production, dramatic-musical production or concert which is presented to the public in a place of entertainment as defined in this subdivision. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• theatrical production company: shall mean any entity formed to (i) develop, produce, invest in or otherwise exploit, or any combination thereof, one or more specified or nonspecified theatrical productions, and (ii) conduct all activities related thereto. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 23.03
• Third party: means a financial institution or person other than a principal or an agent. See N.Y. General Obligations Law 5-1501
• this city: as used in this chapter means the city of New York; "tax commission" as used in this chapter means the tax commission of the state of New York; and "state" or "this state" as used in this chapter means the state of New York. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1707
• this state: means the state of New York;

  3. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• This state: means the state of New York. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• Threshold volume: shall mean the withdrawal of water of a volume of one hundred thousand gallons or more per day, determined by the limiting maximum capacity of the water withdrawal, treatment, or conveyance system; provided that for agricultural purposes the threshold volume shall mean a withdrawal of water of a volume in excess of an average of one hundred thousand gallons per day in any consecutive thirty-day period. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Ticket: means any evidence of the right of entry to any place of entertainment. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Ticket office: means a building or other structure located other than at the place of entertainment, at which the operator or the operator's agent offers tickets for first sale to the public. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 25.03
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• transfer: means any exchange of funds or any thing of value between political committees authorized by the same candidate and taking part solely in his campaign, or any exchange of funds between a party or constituted committee and a candidate or any of his authorized political committees. See N.Y. Election Law 14-100
• Trap and trace device: means a device which captures the incoming electronic or other impulses which identify the originating number of an instrument or device from which a wire or electronic communication was transmitted. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 705.00
• Treasury shares: means shares which have been issued, have been subsequently acquired, and are retained uncancelled by the corporation. See N.Y. Banking Law 1001
• Trial jury: A group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides at trial and determine the facts in dispute. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. Federal civil juries consist of six persons.
• True bill: Another word for indictment.
• Trust: shall mean the trust created by section 54. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 54.03
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trust office: when used in this article with respect to a subsidiary trust company, means an office of the subsidiary trust company maintained for the purpose of conducting its business. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
• Trustor: The person who makes or creates a trust. Also known as the grantor or settlor.
• Undetectable knife: means any knife or other instrument, which does not utilize materials that are detectable by a metal detector or magnetometer when set at a standard calibration, that is capable of ready use as a stabbing or cutting weapon and was commercially manufactured to be used as a weapon. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Unfinished frame or receiver: means any material that does not constitute the frame or receiver of a firearm, rifle or shotgun but that has been shaped or formed in any way for the purpose of becoming the frame or receiver of a firearm, rifle or shotgun, and which may readily be made into a functional frame or receiver through milling, drilling or other means. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• unique genetic disorder: shall mean and be limited to sickle cell trait, carriers of Tay-sachs disease or carriers of Cooley's anemia. See N.Y. Civil Rights Law 48
• United States: means any officer, agency, department or instrumentality of the United States of America, other than a court, and any corporation organized under its laws. See N.Y. Abandoned Property Law 1214
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
• Video surveillance: means the intentional visual observation by law enforcement of a person by means of a television camera or other electronic device that is part of a television transmitting apparatus, whether or not such observation is recorded on film or video tape, without the consent of that person or another person thereat and under circumstances in which such observation in the absence of a video surveillance warrant infringes upon such person's reasonable expectation of privacy under the constitution of this state or of the United States. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Video surveillance warrant: means an order of a justice authorizing or approving video surveillance. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 700.05
• Vulnerable child witness: means a child witness whom a court has declared to be vulnerable. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 65.00
• Wages: means wages as defined in subsection (a) of section thirty-four hundred one of the internal revenue code, except that (1) wages shall not include payments for active service as a member of the armed forces of the United States and shall not include, in the case of a nonresident individual or partner of a partnership doing an insurance business as a member of the New York insurance exchange described in § 6201 of the insurance law, any item of income, gain, loss or deduction of such business which is such individual's distributive or pro rata share for federal income tax purposes or which such individual is required to take into account separately for federal income tax purposes, and (2) wages shall include (i) the amount of member or employee contributions to a retirement system or pension fund picked up by the employer pursuant to subdivision f of § 517 of the retirement and social security law or section 13-225. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-1901
• Water well: shall mean any groundwater excavation for the purpose of obtaining water. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Water well driller: shall mean a person who, for compensation or as part of property development and sale, engages in water well drilling activities; provided, however, that, for the purposes of this subdivision, the term "person" shall not include a public corporation, political subdivision, government agency, department, or bureau of the state or a municipality. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• water well drilling activities: shall mean the construction and reconstruction of water wells, the establishment or repair of a connection through the well casing and the repair of water wells including repairs which require the opening of the well casing. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• withdrawal of water: shall mean the removal or taking of water for any purpose from the waters of the state. See N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law 15-1502
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Written instrument: means a written or printed agreement, bill of sale, invoice, certificate of authenticity, catalogue or any other written or printed note or memorandum or label describing the work of fine art or multiple which is to be sold, exchanged or consigned by an art merchant. See N.Y. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law 11.01
• Youth: means a person charged with a crime alleged to have been committed when he was at least sixteen years old and less than nineteen years old or a person charged with being a juvenile offender as defined in subdivision forty-two of section 1. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 720.10
• Youthful offender finding: means a finding, substituted for the conviction of an eligible youth, pursuant to a determination that the eligible youth is a youthful offender. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 720.10
• Youthful offender sentence: means the sentence imposed upon a youthful offender finding. See N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law 720.10