Terms Used In New York Laws > Public Authorities > Article 5 > Title 11 - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority

• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Applicant: shall mean an individual who has filed an application with the department for a security guard registration card. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Applicant: means an individual who has filed an application with the department for a registration card. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Armored car carrier: means any individual, partnership, association, limited liability company, corporation, or any other entity, engaging in the business of providing armored car services for hire. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Armored car carrier: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision six of section eighty-nine-bbb of this chapter. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Armored car guard: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision eight of section eighty-nine-ppp of this chapter. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Armored car guard: means an individual employed by an armored car carrier to provide armored car services and who carries a firearm or is authorized by the employer to access a firearm when providing armored car services, and who holds a conditional letter of authority or a valid registration card issued by the department pursuant to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Armored car services: means engaging in the business of providing secured transportation, protection and safeguarding of valuable cargo from one place or point to another, including the provision of cash services for automated teller machines, by means of specially designed and constructed bullet-resistant armored vehicles and armored car guards. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Armored car services: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision seven or section eighty-nine-bbb of this chapter. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Commissioner: shall mean the commissioner of the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Department: shall mean the department of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Department: means the department of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Department: means the department of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Division: shall mean the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Division: means the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Division: means the division of criminal justice services. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Germane: On the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Holder: shall mean an individual who has been issued a registration card by the department. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Holder: means an individual who has been issued a conditional letter of authority or a registration card by the department. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensee: means an armored car carrier that has been issued a license in accordance with the provisions of this article. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Officer: means the four primary officers of a corporation, normally defined as president, vice-president, secretary and treasurer. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Peace officer: shall mean a peace officer as defined by subdivision thirty-three of § 1. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Peace officer: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision thirty-three of § 1. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Person: means an individual, firm, company, partnership, limited liability company or corporation. See N.Y. General Business Law 69-L
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Police officer: shall mean a police officer as defined by subdivision thirty-four of § 1. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Principal: means any person controlling an interest greater than ten percent of an armored car carrier. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Public entity: shall mean :
  
  a. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Registration card: shall mean a photographic identification card issued by the department, including a special armed guard registration card signifying that the individual identified thereon has been authorized by the department to perform security guard functions. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Registration card: means a photographic identification card issued by the department signifying that the holder has been certified by the department to perform armored car services in the employ of an armored car carrier and to carry firearms in connection therewith. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Secretary: shall mean the secretary of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Secretary: means the secretary of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Secretary: means the secretary of state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Security guard: shall mean a person, other than a police officer, employed by a security guard company to principally perform one or more of the following functions within the state:
  
  a. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Security guard company: shall mean any person, firm, limited liability company, corporation, public entity or subsidiary or department of such firm, limited liability company, corporation or public entity employing one or more security guards or being self-employed as a security guard on either a proprietary basis for its own use or on a contractual basis for use by another person, firm, limited liability company, corporation, public entity or subsidiary thereof within the state. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Security system: shall mean an assembly of equipment and devices or a single device designated to detect and/or signal an unauthorized intrusion into premises or to signal an attempted robbery, burglary, theft, pilferage or other loss at a protected premises, and with respect to which signal, police and/or security guards are expected to respond. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Serious offense: shall mean any felony involving the offenses enumerated in the closing paragraph of this subdivision; a criminal solicitation of or a conspiracy to commit or an attempt to commit or a criminal facilitation of a felony involving the offenses enumerated in the closing paragraph of this subdivision, which criminal solicitation, conspiracy, attempt or criminal facilitation itself constitutes a felony or any offense in any other jurisdiction which if committed in this state would constitute a felony; any offense in any other jurisdiction which if committed in this state would constitute a felony provided that for the purposes of this article, none of the following shall be considered criminal convictions or reported as such: (i) a conviction for which an executive pardon has been issued pursuant to the executive law; (ii) a conviction which has been vacated and replaced by a youthful offender finding pursuant to Article seven hundred twenty of the criminal procedure law, or the applicable provisions of law of any other jurisdiction; or (iii) a conviction the records of which have been sealed pursuant to the applicable provisions of the laws of this state or of any other jurisdiction; and (iv) a conviction for which other evidence of successful rehabilitation to remove the disability has been issued. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Serious offense: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision thirteen of section eighty-nine-f of this chapter. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Serious offense: has the meaning ascribed to that term by subdivision thirteen of section eighty-nine-f of this chapter. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-PPP
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Special armed guard registration card: shall mean a registration card issued by the department signifying that the individual thereon has been certified by the department to perform security guard functions and to carry firearms in connection with such functions. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-F
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Valuable cargo: means money, cash, currency, coin, bullion, precious metals and articles made therefrom, gems and jewelry, negotiable and non-negotiable securities, bonds, notes, checks, drafts, coupons, or other valuable instruments, documents or certificates, including tapes, computer disks, or other electronic or magnetic media, U. See N.Y. General Business Law 89-BBB
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.