Terms Used In New York Laws > Uniform Commercial Code > Article 1 - No title

• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• agricultural employer: shall mean any employer engaged in cultivating the soil or in raising or harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity including custom harvesting operators, and employers engaged in the business of crops, livestock and livestock products as defined in § 301 of the agriculture and markets law, or other similar agricultural enterprises. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• applicable standard rate: shall mean a combination of (a) the standard wage rate; and (b) the standard benefits supplemental rate. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• board: means the public employment relations board created by § 205 of the civil service law, in carrying out its functions under this article. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• child care provider: shall mean :
  
  1. See N.Y. Labor Law 695-B
• company union: means any committee, employee representation plan or association of employees which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances or terms and conditions of employment, which the employer has initiated or created or whose initiation or creation he has suggested, participated in or in the formulation of whose governing rules or policies or the conducting of whose management, operations or elections the employer participates in or supervises or which the employer maintains, finances, controls, dominates, or assists in maintaining or financing, whether by compensating anyone for services performed in its behalf or by donating free services, equipment, materials, office or meeting space or anything else of value, or by any other means. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Covered airport location: means John F. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• Covered airport worker: means any person employed to perform work at a covered airport location provided at least one-half of the employee's time during any workweek is performed at a covered airport location and who works in one of the following covered categories:
  
  (i) Cleaning and related services, which shall mean:
  
  (1) building cleaning, including warehouse, kitchen, and terminal cleaning, including common areas, gateways, gates, lounges, clubs, concession areas, terminal entryways from ramp and where planes park at the gate, and other nearby facilities used for the preparation, packaging, and storage of inflight meals and supplies; and
  
  (2) aircraft and cabin cleaning, including lavatory and water disposal and replenishment, lift truck driving and helping, dispatching, cleaning crew driving, and sorting and packing of inflight materials, such as blankets, pillows, and magazines;
  
  (ii) Security related services, including catering security, escorting, escort security, passenger aircraft security, fire guarding, terminal security, baggage security, traffic security, cargo screening, including guarding, warehouse security, concessions and airport lounge security, security dispatch, and security at nearby facilities used for the preparation, packaging, and storage of inflight meals; or
  
  (iii) In terminal and passenger handling services, including baggage handling, sky cap services, wheelchair attending, wheelchair dispatching, customer and passenger services, line queue, identification checking, porter services for baggage, and passenger and employee shuttle driving. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• employees: includes but is not restricted to any individual employed by a labor organization; any individual whose employment has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice, and who has not obtained any other regular and substantially equivalent employment; and shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless the article explicitly states otherwise, but shall not include any individual employed by his parent or spouse or in the domestic service of and directly employed, controlled and paid by any person in his home, any individual whose primary responsibility is the care of a minor child or children and/or someone who lives in the home of a person for the purpose of serving as a companion to a sick, convalescing or elderly person or any individuals employed only for the duration of a labor dispute, or any individual who participates in and receives rehabilitative or therapeutic services in a charitable non-profit rehabilitation facility or sheltered workshop or any individual employed in a charitable non-profit rehabilitation facility or sheltered workshop who has received rehabilitative or therapeutic services and whose capacity to perform the work for which he is engaged is substantially impaired by physical or mental deficiency or injury. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Employer: means any person, corporation, limited liability company, or association employing any individual in an occupation, industry, trade, business or service. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• employer: includes any person acting on behalf of or in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly, with or without his knowledge, and shall include any person who is the purchaser of services performed by a person described in paragraph (b) of subdivision three of this section, but a labor organization or any officer or agent thereof shall only be considered an employer with respect to individuals employed by such organization. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Engaged in the performing arts: shall mean performing services in connection with production of or performance in any artistic endeavor which requires artistic or technical skill or expertise. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Farm laborers: shall mean any individual engaged or permitted by an employer to work on a farm. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• labor dispute: includes , but is not restricted to, any controversy between employers and employees or their representatives as defined in this section concerning terms, tenure or conditions of employment or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to negotiate, fix, maintain or change terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the violation of any of the rights granted or affirmed by this article, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• labor organization: means any organization which exists and is constituted for the purpose, in whole or in part, of collective bargaining, or of dealing with employers concerning grievances, terms or conditions of employment, or of other mutual aid or protection and which is not a company union as defined herein. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• non-profitmaking hospital or residential care center: means an organized residential facility for the medical diagnosis, treatment and care of illness, disease, injury, infirmity or deformity, or a residential facility providing nursing care or care of the aged or dependent children, or a facility for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals, which is located anywhere in the state and which is maintained and operated by an association or corporation, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• person: includes one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, or receivers. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• representatives: includes a labor organization or an individual whether or not employed by the employer of those whom he represents. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• standard benefits supplement rate: means an hourly supplement of four dollars and fifty-four cents furnished to an employee by providing at least four dollars and fifty-four cents per hour toward the cost of minimum essential coverage under an eligible employer-sponsored plan as defined in treasury regulation section 1. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• standard wage rate: means the greater of:
  
  (a) any minimum wage rate that would be otherwise applicable to covered airport workers established by article nineteen of this chapter; or
  
  (b) any otherwise applicable minimum wage rate established through a policy of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Successor airport employer: means any person who furnishes cleaning and related services, security related services, in terminal and passenger handling services, airline catering, or airport lounge services at a covered airport location that are substantially similar to those that were provided by covered airport workers previously employed by another employer at such covered airport location. See N.Y. Labor Law 696-A
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• unfair labor practice: means only those unfair labor practices listed in section seven hundred four. See N.Y. Labor Law 701
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}