§ 3-401 Signature
§ 3-402 Signature in Ambiguous Capacity
§ 3-403 Signature by Authorized Representative
§ 3-404 Unauthorized Signatures
§ 3-405 Impostors; Signature in Name of Payee
§ 3-406 Negligence Contributing to Alteration or Unauthorized Signature
§ 3-407 Alteration
§ 3-408 Consideration
§ 3-409 Draft Not an Assignment
§ 3-410 Definition and Operation of Acceptance
§ 3-411 Certification of a Check
§ 3-412 Acceptance Varying Draft
§ 3-413 Contract of Maker, Drawer and Acceptor
§ 3-414 Contract of Indorser; Order of Liability
§ 3-415 Contract of Accommodation Party
§ 3-416 Contract of Guarantor
§ 3-417 Warranties on Presentment and Transfer
§ 3-418 Finality of Payment or Acceptance
§ 3-419 Conversion of Instrument; Innocent Representative

Terms Used In New York Laws > Uniform Commercial Code > Article 3 > Part 4 - Liability of Parties

  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Instrument: means a negotiable instrument. See N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code 3-102
  • Issue: means the first delivery of an instrument to a holder or a remitter. See N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code 3-102
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • order: is a direction to pay and must be more than an authorization or request. See N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code 3-102
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • promise: is a n undertaking to pay and must be more than an acknowledgment of an obligation. See N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code 3-102
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.