§ 1800 Penalties for traffic infractions
§ 1801 Penalties for misdemeanors
§ 1802 Receipts for fines or bail; installment payment plans
§ 1803 Disposition of fines and forfeitures
§ 1804 Prohibition of imposition and collection of a fine, penalty, forfeiture, fee or surcharge
§ 1805 Plea of guilty, how put in
§ 1806 Plea of not guilty by a defendant charged with a traffic infraction
§ 1806-A Default judgment in cases of failure to answer
§ 1807 Provisions applicable to arraignments for traffic violations
§ 1808 Effect of stay order on appeal from judgment of conviction of an offense under this chapter
§ 1809 Mandatory surcharge and crime victim assistance fee required in certain cases
§ 1809 Mandatory surcharge and crime victim assistance fee required in certain cases
§ 1809-A Mandatory surcharge required in certain cities for parking, stopping and standing violations
§ 1809-A [Repealed Effective 9/1/2025] Mandatory surcharge required in certain cities for parking, stopping and standing violations
§ 1809-AA Mandatory surcharge required for certain parking violations
§ 1809-AA Mandatory surcharge required for certain parking violations parking
§ 1809-B Mandatory surcharge required for certain violations relating to handicapped parking spaces
§ 1809-C Additional surcharge required for certain violations relating to driving while intoxicated and driving while impaired
§ 1809-D Mandatory surcharge for violation of maximum speed limits in highway construction or maintenance work areas
§ 1809-E Additional surcharge required for certain violations
§ 1809-E Additional surcharge required for certain violations
§ 1810 Compensation of officers shall not depend upon apprehension or arrests

Terms Used In New York Laws > Vehicle and Traffic > Title 9 > Article 45 - Penalties and Disposition of Fines and Forfeitures

  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Commissioner: shall mean the commissioner of the state division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Commissioner: shall mean the commissioner of the state division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Commissioner: shall mean the commissioner of the state division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: shall mean the housing trust fund corporation established in section forty-five-a of this chapter. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Default judgement: A judgement rendered because of the defendant's failure to answer or appear.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Division: shall mean the state division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Division: shall mean the state division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Division: shall mean the division of housing and community renewal. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Division urban initiatives program: shall mean the program heretofore administered by the division pursuant to appropriations and reappropriations for the purposes of urban initiatives programs. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Eligible applicant: shall mean a not-for-profit corporation or charitable organization, organized for a period of one or more years, which is either incorporated under the not-for-profit corporation law (or such law together with any other applicable law) or, if unincorporated, is not organized for the private profit or benefit of its members and has been engaged primarily in community preservation activities. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Federal assistance: means assistance from the Farmer's Home Administration pursuant to title five of the United States Housing Act of 1949. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1021
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Housing preservation and community renewal activities: include (a) the new construction or the acquisition, maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation or other improvement of vacant or occupied housing accommodations; demolition or sealing of vacant structures where necessary or appropriate; disposition of housing accommodations to present or potential occupants or co-operative organizations; training or other forms of assistance to occupants of housing accommodations; administration of landlord training classes; and management of housing accommodations as agent for the owners, receivers, administrators or municipalities; (b) activities, similar to those specified in paragraph (a) of this subdivision, aimed at accomplishing similar purposes and meeting similar needs with respect to retail and service establishments within a region when carried out in connection with and incidental to a program of housing related activities. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Merged company: shall mean a neighborhood preservation company maintaining a contract pursuant to section nine hundred three of this article that has undergone a merger with one or more other neighborhood preservation companies, which is also maintaining a contract pursuant to section nine hundred three of this article, that has led the merged companies to reduce the number of contracts being maintained with the division pursuant to section nine hundred three of this article to a total of one. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Merged corporation: shall mean a not-for-profit corporation maintaining a contract pursuant to section one thousand three of this article that has undergone a merger with one or more other not-for-profit corporation, which is also maintaining a contract pursuant to section one thousand three of this article, that has led the merged corporations to reduce the number of contracts being maintained with the division pursuant to section one thousand three of this article to a total of one. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Municipality: shall mean any unit of local government within the state with a population of more than twenty thousand persons. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Municipality: shall mean any city, town or village within the state. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Neighborhood: shall mean an area within the municipality identified by recognized or established boundaries consistent with a determination of neighborhood eligibility under article sixteen of this chapter. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Neighborhood preservation activities: shall mean activities engaged in by a neighborhood preservation company within a geographically defined neighborhood of a municipality, provided, however, that the division may fund a neighborhood preservation company to engage in such activities in unserved and underserved areas of the municipality lying outside of its initially designated neighborhood area, that are designed (a) to construct, maintain, preserve, repair, renovate, upgrade, improve, modernize, rehabilitate or otherwise prolong the useful life and to manage and coordinate the rehabilitation of residential dwelling accommodations within such neighborhood, to restore abandoned and vacant as well as occupied housing accommodations to habitable condition; to demolish structurally unsound or unsafe or otherwise unsightly or unhealthy structures which no longer serve or can economically be made to serve a useful purpose consistent with stabilizing or improving a neighborhood; to seal and maintain vacant but structurally sound structures which are capable of being rehabilitated at a future time and used for housing purposes; to acquire, where appropriate, buildings which contain housing accommodations; to facilitate the disposition of buildings containing housing accommodations to individual occupants thereof or to cooperative groups whose members shall be occupants thereof; to assist owners, occupants and tenants of housing accommodations to obtain improvements in the physical conditions thereof and in the maintenance and management thereof; to administer landlord training classes; and to manage housing accommodations as agents for the owners thereof or administrators or receivers appointed or designated pursuant to any law of the state; and (b) to accomplish similar purposes and meet similar needs with respect to retail and service establishments within such neighborhoods when carried out in connection with and incidental to a program of housing related activities. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Neighborhood preservation company: shall mean a corporation organized under the provisions of the not-for-profit corporation law which has been engaged primarily in one or more of the neighborhood preservation activities specified in subdivision five of this section. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 902
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Persons of low income: shall mean those persons and families whose incomes do not exceed eighty percent of the median income for the metropolitan statistical area in which a project is located. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Persons of low income: shall mean individuals and families whose annual incomes do not exceed ninety per cent of the median annual income for all residents of the region within which they reside or a larger area encompassing such region for which median annual income can be determined. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • projects: shall mean a specific work or series of works for the revitalization and improvement of a neighborhood through creation, preservation or improvement of residential housing units; preservation or improvement of local commercial facilities and public facilities or other aspects of the area environment which include as part of its project the creation, preservation or improvement of residential housing units. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 921
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Region: shall mean those portions of the rural area of the state, as specified in the contract entered into pursuant to this article, within which housing and community renewal activities funded in part pursuant to this article are to be carried out. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Rural area of the state: shall mean cities, towns and villages having a population of less than twenty-five thousand. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Unmerged corporation: shall mean a not-for-profit corporation that is not a merged corporation. See N.Y. Private Housing Finance Law 1002