Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1393 – A. The office may take an enforcement action against a licensee or person who is not a licensee but is engaging in virtual currency business activity with, or on behalf of, a residen
Terms Used In Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1393
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Commissioner: means the commissioner of the office of financial institutions. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
- Exchange: when used as a verb, means to assume control of virtual currency from, or on behalf of, a resident, at least momentarily, to sell, trade, or convert either of the following:
(a) Virtual currency for legal tender, bank credit, or one or more forms of virtual currency. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- Insolvent: means any of the following:
(a) Having generally ceased to pay debts in the ordinary course of business other than as a result of a bona fide dispute. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Legal tender: means a medium of exchange or unit of value, including the coin or paper money of the United States, issued by the United States or by another government if the issuance by another government is not virtual currency. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. Source: U.S. Mint
- Licensee: means a person licensed pursuant to this Chapter. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- NMLS: means the multistate system developed by the Conference of State Bank Supervisors and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators and owned and operated by the State Regulatory Registry LLC, or any successor or affiliated entity, for the licensing and registration of persons in financial services industries or any other similar online multistate database. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
- Office: means the office of financial institutions. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
- Person: means an individual, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, association, joint stock corporation, or other legal entity, or any individual or group of individuals, however organized. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
- Resident: means any of the following:
(i) A person who is domiciled in this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
- Tangible net worth: means all business assets minus liabilities and intangible assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Transfer: means to assume control of virtual currency from, or on behalf of, a resident and do any of the following:
(a) Credit the virtual currency to the account of another person. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
- Unsafe or unsound act or practice: means and includes but is not limited to a practice or conduct by a person licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity in the state which creates the likelihood of material loss, insolvency, dissipation of the licensee's assets that materially prejudices the interests of residents, and any other set of facts and circumstances, as determined by the commissioner in accordance with this Chapter and applicable law. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Virtual currency: means a digital representation of value that is used as a medium of exchange, unit of account, or store of value, and that is not legal tender, whether or not denominated in legal tender. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
- Virtual currency business activity: means any of the following:
(a) Exchanging, transferring, or storing virtual currency or engaging in virtual currency administration, whether directly or through an agreement with a virtual currency control services vendor. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:1382
A. The office may take an enforcement action against a licensee or person who is not a licensee but is engaging in virtual currency business activity with, or on behalf of, a resident in any of the following instances:
(1) The licensee or person violates any of the provisions of this Chapter or any rule or regulation promulgated or any order, including but not limited to a cease and desist order or subpoena, issued pursuant to this Chapter.
(2) The licensee or person violates any provision of a voluntary consent or compliance agreement that has been entered into with the commissioner.
(3) The licensee or person, in the conduct of its virtual currency business activity with, or on behalf of, a resident, engages in any of the following:
(a) An unsafe or unsound act or practice.
(b) An unfair or deceptive act or practice.
(c) Fraud or intentional misrepresentation.
(d) Another dishonest act.
(e) Misappropriation of legal tender, virtual currency, or other value held by a fiduciary.
(4) The licensee or person does not cooperate substantially with an investigation by the office, fails to pay a fee, or fails to submit a report or documentation.
(5) If any of the following occurs:
(a) The licensee or person becomes insolvent.
(b) The licensee or person makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors.
(c) The licensee or person becomes the debtor, alleged debtor, respondent, or person in a similar capacity in a case or other proceeding under any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, readjustment, insolvency, receivership, dissolution, liquidation, or similar law and does not obtain from the court, within a reasonable time, confirmation of a plan or dismissal of the case or proceeding.
(d) The licensee or person applies for, or permits the appointment of, a receiver, trustee, or other agent of a court for itself or for a substantial part of its assets.
(6) The licensee or person has knowingly provided or caused to be provided a material misrepresentation to the commissioner, any false or fraudulent material fact, or any false or fraudulent financial statement or has suppressed or withheld from the commissioner any information which if submitted by the licensee would have resulted in a denial of the license application.
(7) The licensee or person refuses to permit an examination by the commissioner of the books and affairs or has refused or failed within a reasonable time to furnish any information or make any report that may be required by the commissioner pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.
(8) The licensee or person fails to maintain records as required by the commissioner after being given written notice to the last address of record and thirty days within which to correct the failure. The commissioner may grant up to two thirty-day extensions within which to correct the recordkeeping violation.
(9) The licensee or person continues in office any individual with power to direct the management or policies of a person regulated by this Chapter, including but not limited to any officer, director, or manager, if such individual is convicted of, pleads guilty to, or is found guilty after a plea of nolo contendere of any felony and has been adjudicated guilty in any state, federal, foreign, or military court.
(10) The licensee or person violates any provision of a regulatory or prohibitory statute by the government agency responsible for determining such violations.
(11) The licensee or person misrepresents material facts or makes a false promise likely to influence, persuade, or induce a resident to engage in virtual currency business activity.
(12) The licensee or person misrepresents or conceals a material fact, term, or condition of a transaction to which he is a party pertinent to a resident to engage in virtual currency business activity.
(13) The licensee or person knowingly engages in any transaction, practice, or course of business which perpetrates a fraud upon any person in connection with engaging in virtual currency business activity.
(14) The licensee or person fails to exchange, transfer, or store, without just cause, any funds in accordance with any agreement connected with a virtual currency business activity transaction.
(15) The licensee or person fails to account for or deliver to any person any assets obtained in connection with a virtual currency business activity transaction, including but not limited to legal tender, virtual currency, precious metals, and electronic certificates.
(16) The licensee or person fails to pay any fee, civil money penalty, cost, or assessment imposed pursuant to this Chapter or by any rule or regulation promulgated in accordance with this Chapter.
(17) The licensee or person violates the written restrictions or conditions under which the license was issued.
(18) The licensee or person fails, after notice and without lawful excuse, to obey any order or subpoena issued by the commissioner.
(19) The commissioner discovers any fact or condition currently exists that, if it had existed at the time of the original application for licensure, would have warranted the denial of the application.
B.(1) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, and in addition to any other authority conferred upon the commissioner by any other provision of law, the commissioner may, upon discovery, order an immediate suspension of the license of any person licensed pursuant to this Chapter who does any of the following:
(a) Fails to maintain a surety bond or fails to meet the tangible net worth requirements in any manner as provided for pursuant to La. Rev. Stat. 6:1386.
(b) Commits material violations pursuant to this Chapter such that, in the opinion of the commissioner, the public safety and welfare demand that emergency action be taken.
(c) Submits a payment of any fee for any application, notification, examination, investigation, late fee, or penalty that is returned, declined, denied, or otherwise not paid in full for any reason.
(d) Is convicted of a felony that would have prohibited the issuance or renewal of the license.
(e) Has his license to engage in virtual currency business activities suspended or revoked in another jurisdiction.
(2) A person whose license is suspended pursuant to this Subsection shall have thirty days from the date of the order to request a hearing in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act. Failure to timely request a hearing shall constitute a waiver of all hearing rights regarding the suspension.
C. In addition to any other authority conferred upon the commissioner by this Chapter or this Title, the commissioner may issue a cease and desist order, order refunds of any unauthorized portion of any fee, or charge any person who collects in violation of this Chapter and may impose a civil money penalty as determined by the commissioner by rule upon any person who is found to have violated any of the provisions of this Chapter or any rule or regulation promulgated in accordance with this Chapter. Each separate violation shall subject the person to a civil money penalty, and each day the person acts without complying with the provisions of this Chapter, or rules or regulations promulgated in accordance with this Chapter, shall constitute a separate violation.
D. The violations listed in this Subsection are nonexclusive and are in addition to and exist independent of any violations set forth in other provisions of this Chapter. Failure to comply with any provisions set forth in this Chapter may serve as a basis for any enforcement or other action authorized to the commissioner under this Title. It shall be a violation of this Chapter for a person engaged in virtual currency business activity pursuant to this Chapter to do any of the following:
(1) Directly or indirectly employ any scheme, device, or artifice to defraud or mislead any resident, when such person knew or should have known that such scheme, device, or artifice was defrauding or misleading.
(2) Engage in any unfair or deceptive practice toward any resident.
(3) Fail to comply with this Chapter, any rules or regulations promulgated pursuant to this Chapter, the laws of this state, or federal law, including the rules and regulations issued thereunder, applicable to any virtual currency business activity.
(4) Negligently make any false statement, or knowingly and willfully make any omission of material fact, in connection with any information or reports filed with a state or federal government agency or the NMLS or in connection with any investigation conducted by the commissioner or any other state or federal government agency.
(5) Fail to truthfully account for any assets in connection with any virtual currency business activity with, or on behalf of, a resident.
E. The commissioner may report apparent violations to other appropriate state and federal regulators, the NMLS, federal law enforcement agencies, the attorney general, or the district attorney of the appropriate parish, who may institute any proceeding as he considers appropriate.
F. Advisory opinions and interpretations of the office shall not be considered rules requiring compliance with the rulemaking process of the Administrative Procedure Act. The commissioner and the employees of the office shall have no liability to any person with respect to an advisory opinion or interpretation issued in connection with this Chapter.
G. All of the grounds for enforcement action listed in Subsection A of this Section are violations of this Chapter and may serve as the basis for any other enforcement action provided to the commissioner by this Title.
H. The commissioner may share information about any person who is licensed or required to be licensed pursuant to this Chapter with any state or federal agency also having jurisdiction over the virtual currency business activities of that person.
I. Any licensee whose license issued pursuant to this Chapter has been revoked for any reason may not reapply for a license until at least five years have elapsed from the date of the order of revocation, unless the commissioner, in his sole discretion, prescribes an earlier or later date. For purposes of this Subsection, the order is considered to be the commissioner’s notification of revocation of the license. For the purpose of this Subsection, the term “licensee” shall include the licensee, owners of ten percent or more, and its members if the licensee is a limited liability company, its partners if the licensee is a partnership, its officers and directors if the licensee is a corporation, and any other person determined by the commissioner, in his sole discretion, to be closely related to the licensee.
Acts 2020, No. 341, §1; Acts 2023, No. 331, §1, eff. June 13, 2023.
NOTE: The provisions of Acts 2023, No. 331, will terminate on July 1, 2025.