Terms Used In Michigan Laws 205.94o

  • Business: means all activities engaged in by a person or caused to be engaged in by a person with the object of gain, benefit, or advantage, either direct or indirect. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Computer: means an electronic device that accepts information in digital or similar form and manipulates it for a result based on a sequence of instructions. See Michigan Laws 205.92b
  • Computer software: means a set of coded instructions designed to cause a computer or automatic data processing equipment to perform a task. See Michigan Laws 205.92b
  • Consumer: means the person who has purchased tangible personal property or services for storage, use, or other consumption in this state and includes, but is not limited to, 1 or more of the following:
  (i) A person acquiring tangible personal property if engaged in the business of constructing, altering, repairing, or improving the real estate of others. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Department: means the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Michigan Laws 205.92b
  • Manufacturer: means a person who manufactures, fabricates, or assembles tangible personal property. See Michigan Laws 205.93a
  • Person: means an individual, firm, partnership, joint venture, association, social club, fraternal organization, municipal or private corporation whether or not organized for profit, company, limited liability company, estate, trust, receiver, trustee, syndicate, the United States, this state, county, or any other group or combination acting as a unit, and the plural as well as the singular number, unless the intention to give a more limited meaning is disclosed by the context. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Sale: means a transaction by which tangible personal property or services are purchased or rented for storage, use, or other consumption in this state. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Seller: means the person from whom a purchase is made and includes every person selling tangible personal property or services for storage, use, or other consumption in this state. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Storage: means a keeping or retention of property in this state for any purpose after the property loses its interstate character. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Tangible personal property: means personal property that can be seen, weighed, measured, felt, or touched or that is in any other manner perceptible to the senses and includes electricity, water, gas, steam, and prewritten computer software. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Tax: includes all taxes, interest, or penalties levied under this act. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Use: means the exercise of a right or power over tangible personal property incident to the ownership of that property including transfer of the property in a transaction where possession is given. See Michigan Laws 205.92
  • Utility: means either of the following:
    •   (i) A person regulated by the Michigan public service commission as a utility. See Michigan Laws 205.92
      (1) The tax levied under this act does not apply to property sold to the following after March 30, 1999, subject to subsection (2):
      (a) An industrial processor for use or consumption in industrial processing.
      (b) A person, whether or not the person is an industrial processor, if the tangible personal property is intended for ultimate use in and is used in industrial processing by an industrial processor.
      (c) A person, whether or not the person is an industrial processor, if the tangible personal property is used by that person to perform an industrial processing activity for or on behalf of an industrial processor.
      (d) A person, whether or not the person is an industrial processor, if the tangible personal property is 1 of the following:
      (i) A computer used in operating industrial processing equipment.
      (ii) Equipment used in a computer assisted manufacturing system.
      (iii) Equipment used in a computer assisted design or engineering system integral to an industrial process.
      (iv) A subunit or electronic assembly comprising a component in a computer integrated industrial processing system.
      (v) Computer equipment used in connection with the computer assisted production, storage, and transmission of data if the equipment would have been exempt had the data transfer been made using tapes, disks, CD-ROMs, or similar media by a company whose business includes publishing doctoral dissertations and information archiving, and that sells the majority of the company’s products to nonprofit organizations exempt under section 4(1)(w).
      (vi) Equipment used in the production of prewritten computer software or software modified or adapted to the user’s needs or equipment by the seller, only if the software is available for sale from a seller of software on an as-is basis or as an end product without modification or adaption.
      (2) The property under subsection (1) is exempt only to the extent that the property is used for the exempt purpose stated in this section. The exemption is limited to the percentage of exempt use to total use determined by a reasonable formula or method approved by the department.
      (3) Industrial processing includes the following activities:
      (a) Production or assembly.
      (b) Research or experimental activities.
      (c) Engineering related to industrial processing.
      (d) Inspection, quality control, or testing to determine whether particular units of materials or products or processes conform to specified parameters at any time before materials or products first come to rest in finished goods inventory storage.
      (e) Planning, scheduling, supervision, or control of production or other exempt activities.
      (f) Design, construction, or maintenance of production or other exempt machinery, equipment, and tooling.
      (g) Remanufacturing.
      (h) Processing of production scrap and waste up to the point it is stored for removal from the plant of origin.
      (i) Recycling of used materials for ultimate sale at retail or reuse.
      (j) Production material handling.
      (k) Storage of in-process materials.
      (l) Production, manufacturing, or recycling of aggregate by the property, and for the purpose, described in subsection (4)(i) if that aggregate is subject to the tax levied under this act.
      (4) Property that is eligible for an industrial processing exemption includes the following:
      (a) Property that becomes an ingredient or component part of the finished product to be sold ultimately at retail or affixed to and made a structural part of real estate located in another state.
      (b) Machinery, equipment, tools, dies, patterns, foundations for machinery or equipment, or other processing equipment used in an industrial processing activity and in their repair and maintenance.
      (c) Property that is consumed or destroyed or that loses its identity in an industrial processing activity.
      (d) Tangible personal property, not permanently affixed and not becoming a structural part of real estate, that becomes a part of, or is used and consumed in installation and maintenance of, systems used for an industrial processing activity.
      (e) Fuel or energy used or consumed for an industrial processing activity.
      (f) Machinery, equipment, or materials used within a plant site or between plant sites operated by the same person for movement of tangible personal property in the process of production. Property exempt under this subdivision includes front end loaders, forklifts, pettibone lifts, skidsters, multipurpose loaders, knuckle-boom log loaders, tractors, and log loaders used to unload logs from trucks at a saw mill site for the purpose of processing at the site and to load lumber onto trucks at a saw mill site for purposes of transportation from the site.
      (g) Office equipment, including data processing equipment, used for an industrial processing activity.
      (h) Tangible personal property used or consumed in an industrial processing activity to produce alcoholic beverages that are sold at retail by that industrial processor through its own locations.
      (i) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in subsection (6)(d), property that performs an industrial processing activity upon an aggregate product or material that will be used as an ingredient or component part for the construction, maintenance, repair, or reconstruction of real property in this state if that aggregate product or material is subject to the tax levied under this act.
      (5) Property that is not eligible for an industrial processing exemption includes the following:
      (a) Tangible personal property permanently affixed and becoming a structural part of real estate in this state including building utility systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilating, plumbing, lighting, and electrical distribution, to the point of the last transformer, switch, valve, or other device at which point usable power, water, gas, steam, or air is diverted from distribution circuits for use in industrial processing.
      (b) Office equipment, including data processing equipment used for nonindustrial processing purposes.
      (c) Office furniture or office supplies.
      (d) An industrial processor’s own product or finished good that it uses or consumes for purposes other than industrial processing.
      (e) Tangible personal property used for receiving and storage of materials, supplies, parts, or components purchased by the user or consumer.
      (f) Tangible personal property used for receiving or storage of natural resources extracted by the user or consumer.
      (g) Vehicles, including special bodies or attachments, required to display a vehicle permit or license plate to operate on public highways, except for a vehicle bearing a manufacturer‘s plate or a specially designed vehicle, together with parts, used to mix and agitate materials at a plant or job site in the concrete manufacturing process.
      (h) Tangible personal property used for the preparation of food or beverages by a retailer for ultimate sale at retail through its own locations, except as provided in subsection (4)(h).
      (i) Tangible personal property used or consumed for the preservation or maintenance of a finished good once it first comes to rest in finished goods inventory storage.
      (j) Returnable shipping containers or materials, except as provided in subsection (4)(f).
      (k) Tangible personal property used in the production of computer software originally designed for the exclusive use and special needs of the purchaser.
      (6) Industrial processing does not include the following activities:
      (a) Purchasing, receiving, or storage of raw materials.
      (b) Sales, distribution, warehousing, shipping, or advertising activities.
      (c) Administrative, accounting, or personnel services.
      (d) Design, engineering, construction, or maintenance of real property and nonprocessing equipment.
      (e) Plant security, fire prevention, or medical or hospital services.
      (7) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this act, the following applies only to industrial processing activities and property described in subsection (3)(l) or (4)(i):
      (a) Not later than 90 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the department shall cancel all outstanding balances related to such industrial processing activities and property on notices of intent to assess that were issued under section 21 of 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.21, for the tax levied under this act and that were issued before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection.
      (b) Not later than 90 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the department shall cancel all outstanding balances related to such industrial processing activities and property on final assessments that were issued under section 22 of 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.22, for the tax levied under this act and that were issued before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection.
      (c) After the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the department shall not issue any new assessments for the tax levied under this act on such industrial processing activities and property for any tax period before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection that is open under the statute of limitations provided in section 27a of 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.27a.
      (8) As used in this section:
      (a) “Aggregate” means common variety building materials like sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete, recycled asphalt, and geosynthetic aggregates.
      (b) “Industrial processing” means the activity of converting or conditioning tangible personal property by changing the form, composition, quality, combination, or character of the property for ultimate sale at retail, for use in the manufacturing of a product to be ultimately sold at retail or to be affixed to and made a structural part of real estate located in another state, or for the exempt purposes described in subsection (3)(l) or (4)(i). Industrial processing begins when tangible personal property begins movement from raw materials storage to begin industrial processing and ends when finished goods first come to rest in finished goods inventory storage.
      (c) “Industrial processor” means a person who performs the activity of converting or conditioning tangible personal property for ultimate sale at retail, for use in the manufacturing of a product to be ultimately sold at retail or to be affixed to and made a structural part of real estate located in another state, or for the exempt purposes described in subsection (3)(l) or (4)(i).
      (d) “Product”, as used in subdivision (f), includes, but is not limited to, a prototype, pilot model, process, formula, invention, technique, patent, or similar property, whether intended to be used in a trade or business or to be sold, transferred, leased, or licensed.
      (e) “Remanufacturing” means the activity of overhauling, retrofitting, fabricating, or repairing a product or its component parts for ultimate sale at retail.
      (f) “Research or experimental activity” means activity incident to the development, discovery, or modification of a product or a product related process. Research or experimental activity also includes activity necessary for a product to satisfy a government standard or to receive government approval. Research or experimental activity does not include the following:
      (i) Ordinary testing or inspection of materials or products for quality control purposes.
      (ii) Efficiency surveys.
      (iii) Management surveys.
      (iv) Market or consumer surveys.
      (v) Advertising or promotions.
      (vi) Research in connection with literacy, historical, or similar projects.
      
      

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