(1) A tax is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the entire income of every resident individual and on the income of every nonresident individual and partial-year resident individual which is derived from sources within this state, except that any individual who has additions to adjusted gross income pursuant to section 77-2716 of less than five thousand dollars shall not have an individual income tax liability after nonrefundable credits under the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967 that exceeds his or her individual income tax liability before credits under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(2)(a) For taxable years beginning or deemed to begin before January 1, 2014, the tax for each resident individual shall be a percentage of such individual’s federal adjusted gross income as modified in sections 77-2716 and 77-2716.01, plus a percentage of the federal alternative minimum tax and the federal tax on premature or lump-sum distributions from qualified retirement plans. The additional taxes shall be recomputed by (i) substituting Nebraska taxable income for federal taxable income, (ii) calculating what the federal alternative minimum tax would be on Nebraska taxable income and adjusting such calculations for any items which are reflected differently in the determination of federal taxable income, and (iii) applying Nebraska rates to the result. The federal credit for prior year minimum tax, after the recomputations required by the act, shall be allowed as a reduction in the income tax due.

(b) For taxable years beginning or deemed to begin on or after January 1, 2014, the tax for each resident individual shall be a percentage of such individual’s federal adjusted gross income as modified in sections 77-2716 and 77-2716.01, plus a percentage of the federal tax on premature or lump-sum distributions from qualified retirement plans. The additional taxes shall be recomputed by substituting Nebraska taxable income for federal taxable income and applying Nebraska rates to the result.

(3) The tax for each nonresident individual and partial-year resident individual shall be the portion of the tax imposed on resident individuals which is attributable to the income derived from sources within this state. The tax which is attributable to income derived from sources within this state shall be determined by subtracting from the liability to this state for a resident individual with the same total income the credit for personal exemptions and multiplying the result by a fraction, the numerator of which is the nonresident individual’s or partial-year resident individual’s Nebraska adjusted gross income as determined by section 77-2733 or 77-2733.01 and the denominator of which is his or her total federal adjusted gross income, after first adjusting each by the amounts provided in section 77-2716. If this determination attributes more or less tax than is reasonably attributable to income derived from sources within this state, the taxpayer may petition for or the Tax Commissioner may require the employment of any other method to attribute an amount of tax which is reasonable and equitable in the circumstances.

(4) The tax for each estate and trust, other than trusts taxed as corporations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, shall be as determined under section 77-2717.

(5) A refund shall be allowed to the extent that the income tax paid by the individual, estate, or trust for the taxable year exceeds the income tax payable, except that no refund shall be made in any amount less than two dollars.