40 CFR 1065.298 – Correcting real-time PM measurement based on gravimetric PM filter measurement for field-testing analysis
(a) Application. You may quantify net PM on a sample medium for field testing with a continuous PM measurement with correction based on gravimetric PM filter measurement.
(b) Measurement principles. Photoacoustic or electrical aerosol instruments used in field-testing typically under-report PM emissions. Apply the verifications and corrections described in this section to meet accuracy requirements.
(c) Component requirements. (1) Gravimetric PM measurement must meet the laboratory measurement requirements of this part 1065, noting that there are specific exceptions to some laboratory requirements and specification for field testing given in § 1065.905(d)(2). In addition to those exceptions, field testing does not require you to verify proportional flow control as specified in § 1065.545. Note also that the linearity requirements of § 1065.307 apply only as specified in this section.
(2) Check the calibration and linearity of the photoacoustic and electrical aerosol instruments according to the instrument manufacturer’s instructions and the following recommendations:
(i) For photoacoustic instruments we recommend one of the following:
(A) Use a reference elemental carbon-based PM source to calibrate the instrument Verify the photoacoustic instrument by comparing results either to a gravimetric PM measurement collected on the filter or to an elemental carbon analysis of collected PM.
(B) Use a light absorber that has a known amount of laser light absorption to periodically verify the instrument’s calibration factor. Place the light absorber in the path of the laser beam. This verification checks the integrity of the microphone sensitivity, the power of the laser diode, and the performance of the analog-to-digital converter.
(C) Verify that you meet the linearity requirements in Table 1 of § 1065.307 by generating a maximum reference PM mass concentration (verified gravimetrically) and then using partial-flow sampling to dilute to various evenly distributed concentrations.
(ii) For electrical aerosol instruments we recommend one of the following:
(A) Use reference monodisperse or polydisperse PM-like particles with a mobility diameter or count median diameter greater than 45 nm. Use an electrometer or condensation particle counter that has a d
(B) Verify that you meet the linearity requirements in Table 1 of § 1065.307 using a maximum reference particle concentration, a zero-reference concentration, and at least two other evenly distributed points. Use partial-flow dilution to create the additional reference PM concentrations. The difference between measured values from the electrical aerosol and reference instruments at each point must be no greater than 15% of the mean value from the two measurements at that point.
(d) Loss correction. You may use PM loss corrections to account for PM loss in the sample handling system.
(e) Correction. Develop a multiplicative correction factor to ensure that total PM measured by photoacoustic or electrical aerosol instruments equate to the gravimetric filter-based total PM measurement. Calculate the correction factor by dividing the mass of PM captured on the gravimetric filter by the quantity represented by the total concentration of PM measured by the instrument multiplied by the time over the test interval multiplied by the gravimetric filter sample flow rate.