(a) Legal authority for this list. The legal authorities for this list are the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 U.S.C. §§ 703712), the Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. § 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. §§ 742a742j). The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as follows:

(1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain [on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended;

(2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended;

(3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and

(4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment, November 19, 1976, 20 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073).

(b) Purpose of this list. The purpose is to inform the public of the species protected by regulations that enforce the terms of the MBTA. These regulations, found in parts 10, 20, and 21 of this chapter, cover most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds.

(c) What species are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act? Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American Ornithologists’ Union’s (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American birds (1998, as amended through 2021). For species not treated by the AOS Checklist, we generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2007, as updated through 2021).

(1) Alphabetical listing. The table lists species alphabetically by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the common name.

Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(1)—Alphabetical Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act

Common name groupSpecies common nameSpecies scientific name
AccentorSiberian AccentorPrunella montanella.
‘Akeke’e‘Akeke’eLoxops caeruleirostris.
‘AkepaHawaii ‘AkepaLoxops coccineus.
Maui ‘AkepaLoxops ochraceus.
O’ahu ‘AkepaLoxops wolstenholmei.
‘AkialoaKauai ‘AkialoaAkialoa stejnegeri.
Maui Nui ‘AkialoaAkialoa lanaiensis.
O’ahu ‘AkialoaAkialoa ellisiana.
‘Akiapola’au‘Akiapola’auHemignathus wilsoni.
‘Akikiki‘AkikikiOreomystis bairdi.
‘Akohekohe‘AkohekohePalmeria dolei.
‘AlauahioMaui ‘AlauahioParoreomyza montana.
O’ahu ‘AlauahioParoreomyza maculata.
AlbatrossBlack-browed AlbatrossThalassarche melanophris.
Black-footed AlbatrossPhoebastria nigripes.
Chatham AlbatrossThalassarche eremita.
Laysan AlbatrossPhoebastria immutabilis.
Light-mantled AlbatrossPhoebetria palpebrata.
Salvin’s AlbatrossThalassarche salvini.
Short-tailed AlbatrossPhoebastria albatrus.
Wandering AlbatrossDiomedea exulans.
White-capped AlbatrossThalassarche cauta.
Yellow-nosed AlbatrossThalassarche chlororhynchos.
‘AmakihiHawaii ‘AmakihiChlorodrepanis virens.
Kaua’i ‘AmakihiChlorodrepanis stejnegeri.
O’ahu ‘AmakihiChlorodrepanis flava.
AnhingaAnhingaAnhinga anhinga.
AniGroove-billed AniCrotophaga sulcirostris.
Smooth-billed AniCrotophaga ani.
‘Anianiau‘AnianiauMagumma parva.
‘Apapane‘ApapaneHimatione sanguinea.
AukletCassin’s AukletPtychoramphus aleuticus.
Crested AukletAethia cristatella.
Least AukletAethia pusilla.
Parakeet AukletAethia psittacula.
Rhinoceros AukletCerorhinca monocerata.
Whiskered AukletAethia pygmaea.
AvocetAmerican AvocetRecurvirostra americana.
BananaquitBananaquitCoereba flaveola.
Bean-GooseTaiga Bean-GooseAnser fabalis.
Tundra Bean-GooseAnser serrirostris.
Beardless-TyrannuletNorthern Beardless-TyrannuletCamptostoma imberbe.
BecardGray-collared BecardPachyramphus major.
Rose-throated BecardPachyramphus aglaiae.
BitternAmerican BitternBotaurus lentiginosus.
Black BitternIxobrychus flavicollis.
Least BitternIxobrychus exilis.
Schrenck’s BitternIxobrychus eurhythmus.
Yellow BitternIxobrychus sinensis.
BlackbirdBrewer’s BlackbirdEuphagus cyanocephalus.
Red-winged BlackbirdAgelaius phoeniceus.
Rusty BlackbirdEuphagus carolinus.
Tawny-shouldered BlackbirdAgelaius humeralis.
Tricolored BlackbirdAgelaius tricolor.
Yellow-headed BlackbirdXanthocephalus xanthocephalus.
Yellow-shouldered BlackbirdAgelaius xanthomus.
BluebirdEastern BluebirdSialia sialis.
Mountain BluebirdSialia currucoides.
Western BluebirdSialia mexicana.
BluetailRed-flanked BluetailTarsiger cyanurus.
BluethroatBluethroatCyanecula svecica.
BobolinkBobolinkDolichonyx oryzivorus.
BoobookNorthern BoobookNinox japonica.
BoobyAbbott’s BoobyPapasula abbotti.
Blue-footed BoobySula nebouxii.
Brown BoobySula leucogaster.
Masked BoobySula dactylatra.
Nazca BoobySula granti.
Red-footed BoobySula sula.
BramblingBramblingFringilla montifringilla.
BrantBrantBranta bernicla.
BuffleheadBuffleheadBucephala albeola.
BullfinchEurasian BullfinchPyrrhula pyrrhula.
Puerto Rican BullfinchMelopyrrha portoricensis.
BuntingBlue BuntingCyanocompsa parellina.
Gray BuntingEmberiza variabilis.
Indigo BuntingPasserina cyanea.
Lark BuntingCalamospiza melanocorys.
Lazuli BuntingPasserina amoena.
Little BuntingEmberiza pusilla.
McKay’s BuntingPlectrophenax hyperboreus.
Painted BuntingPasserina ciris.
Pallas’s BuntingEmberiza pallasi.
Pine BuntingEmberiza leucocephalos.
Reed BuntingEmberiza schoeniclus.
Rustic BuntingEmberiza rustica.
Snow BuntingPlectrophenax nivalis.
Varied BuntingPasserina versicolor.
Yellow-breasted BuntingEmberiza aureola.
Yellow-browed BuntingEmberiza chrysophrys.
Yellow-throated BuntingEmberiza elegans.
BushtitBushtitPsaltriparus minimus.
BuzzardGray-faced BuzzardButastur indicus.
Long-legged BuzzardButeo rufinus.
CanvasbackCanvasbackAythya valisineria.
CaracaraCrested CaracaraCaracara plancus.
CardinalNorthern CardinalCardinalis cardinalis.
CaribGreen-throated CaribEulampis holosericeus.
Purple-throated CaribEulampis jugularis.
CatbirdBlack CatbirdMelanoptila glabrirostris.
Gray CatbirdDumetella carolinensis.
ChaffinchCommon ChaffinchFringilla coelebs.
ChatYellow-breasted ChatIcteria virens.
ChickadeeBlack-capped ChickadeePoecile atricapillus.
Boreal ChickadeePoecile hudsonicus.
Carolina ChickadeePoecile carolinensis.
Chestnut-backed ChickadeePoecile rufescens.
Gray-headed ChickadeePoecile cinctus.
Mexican ChickadeePoecile sclateri.
Mountain ChickadeePoecile gambeli.
ChiffchaffCommon ChiffchaffPhylloscopus collybita.
Chuck-will’s-widowChuck-will’s-widowAntrostomus carolinensis.
CondorCalifornia CondorGymnogyps californianus.
CootAmerican CootFulica americana.
Eurasian CootFulica atra.
Hawaiian CootFulica alai.
CormorantBrandt’s CormorantUrile penicillatus.
Double-crested CormorantNannopterum auritum.
Great CormorantPhalacrocorax carbo.
Little Pied CormorantMicrocarbo melanoleucos.
Neotropic CormorantNannopterum brasilianum.
Pelagic CormorantUrile pelagicus.
Red-faced CormorantUrile urile.
CowbirdBronzed CowbirdMolothrus aeneus.
Brown-headed CowbirdMolothrus ater.
Shiny CowbirdMolothrus bonariensis.
CrakeCorn CrakeCrex crex.
Paint-billed CrakeNeocrex erythrops.
Spotless CrakePorzana tabuensis.
Yellow-breasted CrakeHapalocrex flaviventer.
CraneCommon CraneGrus grus.
Hooded CraneGrus monacha.
Sandhill CraneAntigone canadensis.
Whooping CraneGrus americana.
CreeperBrown CreeperCerthia americana.
Hawaii CreeperLoxops mana.
CrossbillCassia CrossbillLoxia sinesciuris.
Red CrossbillLoxia curvirostra.
White-winged CrossbillLoxia leucoptera.
CrowAmerican CrowCorvus brachyrhynchos.
Fish CrowCorvus ossifragus.
Hawaiian CrowCorvus hawaiiensis.
Mariana CrowCorvus kubaryi.
Tamaulipas CrowCorvus imparatus.
White-necked CrowCorvus leucognaphalus.
CuckooBlack-billed CuckooCoccyzus erythropthalmus.
Chestnut-winged CuckooClamator coromandus.
Common CuckooCuculus canorus.
Dark-billed CuckooCoccyzus melacoryphus.
Mangrove CuckooCoccyzus minor.
Oriental CuckooCuculus optatus.
Yellow-billed CuckooCoccyzus americanus.
CurlewBristle-thighed CurlewNumenius tahitiensis.
Eskimo CurlewNumenius borealis.
Eurasian CurlewNumenius arquata.
Far Eastern CurlewNumenius madagascariensis.
Little CurlewNumenius minutus.
Long-billed CurlewNumenius americanus.
DickcisselDickcisselSpiza americana.
DipperAmerican DipperCinclus mexicanus.
DotterelEurasian DotterelCharadrius morinellus.
DoveCommon Ground DoveColumbina passerina.
Inca DoveColumbina inca.
Mourning DoveZenaida macroura.
Ruddy Ground DoveColumbina talpacoti.
Shy Ground DoveAlopecoenas stairi.
White-throated Ground DoveAlopecoenas xanthonurus.
White-tipped DoveLeptotila verreauxi.
White-winged DoveZenaida asiatica.
Zenaida DoveZenaida aurita.
DovekieDovekieAlle alle.
DowitcherLong-billed DowitcherLimnodromus scolopaceus.
Short-billed DowitcherLimnodromus griseus.
DuckAmerican Black DuckAnas rubripes.
Eastern Spot-billed DuckAnas zonorhyncha.
Falcated DuckMareca falcata.
Harlequin DuckHistrionicus histrionicus.
Hawaiian DuckAnas wyvilliana.
Laysan DuckAnas laysanensis.
Long-tailed DuckClangula hyemalis.
Masked DuckNomonyx dominicus.
Mexican DuckAnas diazi.
Mottled DuckAnas fulvigula.
Muscovy DuckCairina moschata.
Pacific Black DuckAnas superciliosa.
Ring-necked DuckAythya collaris.
Ruddy DuckOxyura jamaicensis.
Tufted DuckAythya fuligula.
Wood DuckAix sponsa.
DunlinDunlinCalidris alpina.
EagleBald EagleHaliaeetus leucocephalus.
Golden EagleAquila chrysaetos.
White-tailed EagleHaliaeetus albicilla.
EgretCattle EgretBubulcus ibis.
Chinese EgretEgretta eulophotes.
Great EgretArdea alba.
Intermediate EgretArdea intermedia.
Little EgretEgretta garzetta.
Reddish EgretEgretta rufescens.
Snowy EgretEgretta thula.
EiderCommon EiderSomateria mollissima.
King EiderSomateria spectabilis.
Spectacled EiderSomateria fischeri.
Steller’s EiderPolysticta stelleri.
ElaeniaCaribbean ElaeniaElaenia martinica.
Greenish ElaeniaMyiopagis viridicata.
Small-billed ElaeniaElaenia parvirostris.
White-crested ElaeniaElaenia albiceps.
EmeraldPuerto Rican EmeraldRiccordia maugaeus.
EuphoniaAntillean EuphoniaChlorophonia musica.
FalconAmur FalconFalco amurensis.
Aplomado FalconFalco femoralis.
Peregrine FalconFalco peregrinus.
Prairie FalconFalco mexicanus.
Red-footed FalconFalco vespertinus.
FieldfareFieldfareTurdus pilaris.
FinchCassin’s FinchHaemorhous cassinii.
House FinchHaemorhous mexicanus.
Laysan FinchTelespiza cantans.
Nihoa FinchTelespiza ultima.
Purple FinchHaemorhous purpureus.
FlamingoAmerican FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber.
FlickerGilded FlickerColaptes chrysoides.
Northern FlickerColaptes auratus.
FlycatcherAcadian FlycatcherEmpidonax virescens.
Alder FlycatcherEmpidonax alnorum.
Ash-throated FlycatcherMyiarchus cinerascens.
Asian Brown FlycatcherMuscicapa dauurica.
Brown-crested FlycatcherMyiarchus tyrannulus.
Buff-breasted FlycatcherEmpidonax fulvifrons.
Cordilleran FlycatcherEmpidonax occidentalis.
Crowned Slaty FlycatcherEmpidonomus aurantioatrocristatus.
Dark-sided FlycatcherMuscicapa sibirica.
Dusky FlycatcherEmpidonax oberholseri.
Dusky-capped FlycatcherMyiarchus tuberculifer.
Fork-tailed FlycatcherTyrannus savana.
Gray FlycatcherEmpidonax wrightii.
Gray-streaked FlycatcherMuscicapa griseisticta.
Great Crested FlycatcherMyiarchus crinitus.
Hammond’s FlycatcherEmpidonax hammondii.
La Sagra’s FlycatcherMyiarchus sagrae.
Least FlycatcherEmpidonax minimus.
Mugimaki FlycatcherFicedula mugimaki.
Narcissus FlycatcherFicedula narcissina.
Nutting’s FlycatcherMyiarchus nuttingi.
Olive-sided FlycatcherContopus cooperi.
Pacific-slope FlycatcherEmpidonax difficilis.
Pine FlycatcherEmpidonax affinis.
Piratic FlycatcherLegatus leucophaius.
Puerto Rican FlycatcherMyiarchus antillarum.
Scissor-tailed FlycatcherTyrannus forficatus.
Social FlycatcherMyiozetetes similis.
Spotted FlycatcherMuscicapa striata.
Sulphur-bellied FlycatcherMyiodynastes luteiventris.
Taiga FlycatcherFicedula albicilla.
Tufted FlycatcherMitrephanes phaeocercus.
Variegated FlycatcherEmpidonomus varius.
Vermilion FlycatcherPyrocephalus rubinus.
Willow FlycatcherEmpidonax traillii.
Yellow-bellied FlycatcherEmpidonax flaviventris.
Forest-FalconCollared Forest-FalconMicrastur semitorquatus.
FrigatebirdGreat FrigatebirdFregata minor.
Lesser FrigatebirdFregata ariel.
Magnificent FrigatebirdFregata magnificens.
Fruit-DoveCrimson-crowned Fruit-DovePtilinopus porphyraceus.
Many-colored Fruit-DovePtilinopus perousii.
Mariana Fruit-DovePtilinopus roseicapilla.
FulmarNorthern FulmarFulmarus glacialis.
GadwallGadwallMareca strepera.
GallinuleAzure GallinulePorphyrio flavirostris.
Common GallinuleGallinula galeata.
Purple GallinulePorphyrio martinicus.
GannetNorthern GannetMorus bassanus.
GarganeyGarganeySpatula querquedula.
Giant-PetrelNorthern Giant-PetrelMacronectes halli.
GnatcatcherBlack-capped GnatcatcherPolioptila nigriceps.
Black-tailed GnatcatcherPolioptila melanura.
Blue-Gray GnatcatcherPolioptila caerulea.
California GnatcatcherPolioptila californica.
GodwitBar-tailed GodwitLimosa lapponica.
Black-tailed GodwitLimosa limosa.
Hudsonian GodwitLimosa haemastica.
Marbled GodwitLimosa fedoa.
GoldeneyeBarrow’s GoldeneyeBucephala islandica.
Common GoldeneyeBucephala clangula.
Golden-PloverAmerican Golden-PloverPluvialis dominica.
European Golden-PloverPluvialis apricaria.
Pacific Golden-PloverPluvialis fulva.
GoldfinchAmerican GoldfinchSpinus tristis.
Lawrence’s GoldfinchSpinus lawrencei.
Lesser GoldfinchSpinus psaltria.
GooseBarnacle GooseBranta leucopsis.
Cackling GooseBranta hutchinsii.
Canada GooseBranta canadensis.
Emperor GooseAnser canagicus.
Greater White-fronted GooseAnser albifrons.
Hawaiian GooseBranta sandvicensis.
Lesser White-fronted GooseAnser erythropus.
Pink-footed GooseAnser brachyrhynchus.
Ross’s GooseAnser rossii.
Snow GooseAnser caerulescens.
GoshawkNorthern GoshawkAccipiter gentilis.
GrackleBoat-tailed GrackleQuiscalus major.
Common GrackleQuiscalus quiscula.
Greater Antillean GrackleQuiscalus niger.
Great-tailed GrackleQuiscalus mexicanus.
GrassquitBlack-faced GrassquitMelanospiza bicolor.
Yellow-faced GrassquitTiaris olivaceus.
GrebeClark’s GrebeAechmophorus clarkii.
Eared GrebePodiceps nigricollis.
Horned GrebePodiceps auritus.
Least GrebeTachybaptus dominicus.
Pied-billed GrebePodilymbus podiceps.
Red-necked GrebePodiceps grisegena.
Western GrebeAechmophorus occidentalis.
GreenfinchOriental GreenfinchChloris sinica.
GreenshankCommon GreenshankTringa nebularia.
Nordmann’s GreenshankTringa guttifer.
GrosbeakBlack-headed GrosbeakPheucticus melanocephalus.
Blue GrosbeakPasserina caerulea.
Crimson-collared GrosbeakRhodothraupis celaeno.
Evening GrosbeakCoccothraustes vespertinus.
Pine GrosbeakPinicola enucleator.
Rose-breasted GrosbeakPheucticus ludovicianus.
Yellow GrosbeakPheucticus chrysopeplus.
GuillemotBlack GuillemotCepphus grylle.
Pigeon GuillemotCepphus columba.
GullBelcher’s GullLarus belcheri.
Black-headed GullChroicocephalus ridibundus.
Black-tailed GullLarus crassirostris.
Bonaparte’s GullChroicocephalus philadelphia.
California GullLarus californicus.
Common GullLarus canus.
Franklin’s GullLeucophaeus pipixcan.
Glaucous GullLarus hyperboreus.
Glaucous-winged GullLarus glaucescens.
Gray-hooded GullChroicocephalus cirrocephalus.
Great Black-backed GullLarus marinus.
Heermann’s GullLarus heermanni.
Herring GullLarus argentatus.
Iceland GullLarus glaucoides.
Ivory GullPagophila eburnea.
Kelp GullLarus dominicanus.
Laughing GullLeucophaeus atricilla.
Lesser Black-backed GullLarus fuscus.
Little GullHydrocoloeus minutus.
Pallas’s GullIchthyaetus ichthyaetus.
Ring-billed GullLarus delawarensis.
Ross’s GullRhodostethia rosea.
Sabine’s GullXema sabini.
Short-billed GullLarus brachyrhynchus.
Slaty-backed GullLarus schistisagus.
Swallow-tailed GullCreagrus furcatus.
Western GullLarus occidentalis.
Yellow-footed GullLarus livens.
Yellow-legged GullLarus michahellis.
GyrfalconGyrfalconFalco rusticolus.
HarrierNorthern HarrierCircus hudsonius.
HawfinchHawfinchCoccothraustes coccothraustes.
HawkBroad-winged HawkButeo platypterus.
Common Black HawkButeogallus anthracinus.
Cooper’s HawkAccipiter cooperii.
Crane HawkGeranospiza caerulescens.
Ferruginous HawkButeo regalis.
Gray HawkButeo plagiatus.
Great Black HawkButeogallus urubitinga.
Harris’s HawkParabuteo unicinctus.
Hawaiian HawkButeo solitarius.
Red-shouldered HawkButeo lineatus.
Red-tailed HawkButeo jamaicensis.
Roadside HawkRupornis magnirostris.
Rough-legged HawkButeo lagopus.
Sharp-shinned HawkAccipiter striatus.
Short-tailed HawkButeo brachyurus.
Swainson’s HawkButeo swainsoni.
White-tailed HawkGeranoaetus albicaudatus.
Zone-tailed HawkButeo albonotatus.
Hawk-CuckooHodgson’s Hawk-CuckooHierococcyx nisicolor.
HeronGray HeronArdea cinerea.
Great Blue HeronArdea herodias.
Green HeronButorides virescens.
Little Blue HeronEgretta caerulea.
Tricolored HeronEgretta tricolor.
HobbyEurasian HobbyFalco subbuteo.
HoneycreeperLaysan HoneycreeperHimatione fraithii.
Red-legged HoneycreeperCyanerpes cyaneus.
HoopoeEurasian HoopoeUpupa epops.
House-MartinCommon House-MartinDelichon urbicum.
HummingbirdAllen’s HummingbirdSelasphorus sasin.
Anna’s HummingbirdCalypte anna.
Antillean Crested HummingbirdOrthorhyncus cristatus.
Berylline HummingbirdSaucerottia beryllina.
Black-chinned HummingbirdArchilochus alexandri.
Broad-billed HummingbirdCynanthus latirostris.
Broad-tailed HummingbirdSelasphorus platycercus.
Buff-bellied HummingbirdAmazilia yucatanensis.
Bumblebee HummingbirdSelasphorus heloisa.
Calliope HummingbirdSelasphorus calliope.
Cinnamon HummingbirdAmazilia rutila.
Costa’s HummingbirdCalypte costae.
Lucifer HummingbirdCalothorax lucifer.
Rivoli’s HummingbirdEugenes fulgens.
Ruby-throated HummingbirdArchilochus colubris.
Rufous HummingbirdSelasphorus rufus.
Vervain HummingbirdMellisuga minima.
Violet-crowned HummingbirdRamosomyia violiceps.
White-eared HummingbirdBasilinna leucotis.
Xantus’s HummingbirdBasilinna xantusii.
IbisGlossy IbisPlegadis falcinellus.
Scarlet IbisEudocimus ruber.
White IbisEudocimus albus.
White-faced IbisPlegadis chihi.
‘I’iwi‘I’iwiDrepanis coccinea.
Imperial-PigeonPacific Imperial-PigeonDucula pacifica.
JabiruJabiruJabiru mycteria.
JacanaNorthern JacanaJacana spinosa.
JackdawEurasian JackdawCorvus monedula.
JaegerLong-tailed JaegerStercorarius longicaudus.
Parasitic JaegerStercorarius parasiticus.
Pomarine JaegerStercorarius pomarinus.
JayBlue JayCyanocitta cristata.
Brown JayPsilorhinus morio.
Canada JayPerisoreus canadensis.
Green JayCyanocorax yncas.
Mexican JayAphelocoma wollweberi.
Pinyon JayGymnorhinus cyanocephalus.
Steller’s JayCyanocitta stelleri.
JuncoDark-eyed JuncoJunco hyemalis.
Yellow-eyed JuncoJunco phaeonotus.
K?k?wahieK?k?wahieParoreomyza flammea.
K?ma’oK?ma’oMyadestes myadestinus.
KestrelAmerican KestrelFalco sparverius.
Eurasian KestrelFalco tinnunculus.
KilldeerKilldeerCharadrius vociferus.
KingbirdCassin’s KingbirdTyrannus vociferans.
Couch’s KingbirdTyrannus couchii.
Eastern KingbirdTyrannus tyrannus.
Gray KingbirdTyrannus dominicensis.
Loggerhead KingbirdTyrannus caudifasciatus.
Thick-billed KingbirdTyrannus crassirostris.
Tropical KingbirdTyrannus melancholicus.
Western KingbirdTyrannus verticalis.
KingfisherAmazon KingfisherChloroceryle amazona.
Belted KingfisherMegaceryle alcyon.
Common KingfisherAlcedo atthis.
Green KingfisherChloroceryle americana.
Guam KingfisherTodiramphus cinnamominus.
Mariana KingfisherTodiramphus albicilla.
Pacific KingfisherTodiramphus sacer.
Ringed KingfisherMegaceryle torquata.
KingletGolden-crowned KingletRegulus satrapa.
Ruby-crowned KingletCorthylio calendula.
KiskadeeGreat KiskadeePitangus sulphuratus.
KiteBlack KiteMilvus migrans.
Double-toothed KiteHarpagus bidentatus.
Hook-billed KiteChondrohierax uncinatus.
Mississippi KiteIctinia mississippiensis.
Snail KiteRostrhamus sociabilis.
Swallow-tailed KiteElanoides forficatus.
White-tailed KiteElanus leucurus.
KittiwakeBlack-legged KittiwakeRissa tridactyla.
Red-legged KittiwakeRissa brevirostris.
KnotGreat KnotCalidris tenuirostris.
Red KnotCalidris canutus.
KoelLong-tailed KoelUrodynamis taitensis.
LapwingNorthern LapwingVanellus vanellus.
LarkHorned LarkEremophila alpestris.
LimpkinLimpkinAramus guarauna.
Lizard-CuckooPuerto Rican Lizard-CuckooCoccyzus vieilloti.
LongspurChestnut-collared LongspurCalcarius ornatus.
Lapland LongspurCalcarius lapponicus.
Smith’s LongspurCalcarius pictus.
Thick-billed LongspurRhynchophanes mccownii.
LoonArctic LoonGavia arctica.
Common LoonGavia immer.
Pacific LoonGavia pacifica.
Red-throated LoonGavia stellata.
Yellow-billed LoonGavia adamsii.
MagpieBlack-billed MagpiePica hudsonia.
Yellow-billed MagpiePica nuttalli.
MallardMallardAnas platyrhynchos.
MangoPuerto Rican MangoAnthracothorax aurulentus.
Green MangoAnthracothorax viridis.
Green-breasted MangoAnthracothorax prevostii.
Marsh-HarrierEastern Marsh-HarrierCircus spilonotus.
MartinBrown-chested MartinProgne tapera.
Caribbean MartinProgne dominicensis.
Cuban MartinProgne cryptoleuca.
Gray-breasted MartinProgne chalybea.
Purple MartinProgne subis.
Southern MartinProgne elegans.
MeadowlarkChihuahuan MeadowlarkSturnella lilianae.
Eastern MeadowlarkSturnella magna.
Western MeadowlarkSturnella neglecta.
MerganserCommon MerganserMergus merganser.
Hooded MerganserLophodytes cucullatus.
Red-breasted MerganserMergus serrator.
MerlinMerlinFalco columbarius.
MillerbirdMillerbirdAcrocephalus familiaris.
MockingbirdBahama MockingbirdMimus gundlachii.
Blue MockingbirdMelanotis caerulescens.
Northern MockingbirdMimus polyglottos.
MoorhenEurasian MoorhenGallinula chloropus.
Mountain-gemAmethyst-throated Mountain-gemLampornis amethystinus.
Blue-throated Mountain-gemLampornis clemenciae.
MurreCommon MurreUria aalge.
Thick-billed MurreUria lomvia.
MurreletAncient MurreletSynthliboramphus antiquus.
Craveri’s MurreletSynthliboramphus craveri.
Guadalupe MurreletSynthliboramphus hypoleucus.
Kittlitz’s MurreletBrachyramphus brevirostris.
Long-billed MurreletBrachyramphus perdix.
Marbled MurreletBrachyramphus marmoratus.
Scripps’s MurreletSynthliboramphus scrippsi.
NeedletailWhite-throated NeedletailHirundapus caudacutus.
NighthawkAntillean NighthawkChordeiles gundlachii.
Common NighthawkChordeiles minor.
Lesser NighthawkChordeiles acutipennis.
Night-HeronBlack-crowned Night-HeronNycticorax nycticorax.
Japanese Night-HeronGorsachius goisagi.
Malayan Night-HeronGorsachius melanolophus.
Nankeen Night-HeronNycticorax caledonicus.
Yellow-crowned Night-HeronNyctanassa violacea.
Nightingale-ThrushBlack-headed Nightingale-ThrushCatharus mexicanus.
Orange-billed Nightingale-ThrushCatharus aurantiirostris.
NightjarBuff-collared NightjarAntrostomus ridgwayi.
Gray NightjarCaprimulgus jotaka.
Puerto Rican NightjarAntrostomus noctitherus.
White-tailed NightjarHydropsalis cayennensis.
NoddyBlack NoddyAnous minutus.
Blue-gray NoddyAnous ceruleus.
Brown NoddyAnous stolidus.
Nukupu’uKauai Nukupu’uHemignathus hanapepe.
Maui Nukupu’uHemignathus affinis.
O’ahu Nukupu’uHemignathus lucidus.
NutcrackerClark’s NutcrackerNucifraga columbiana.
NuthatchBrown-headed NuthatchSitta pusilla.
Pygmy NuthatchSitta pygmaea.
Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis.
White-breasted NuthatchSitta carolinensis.
Oloma’oOloma’oMyadestes lanaiensis.
‘?ma’o‘?ma’oMyadestes obscurus.
OrioleAltamira OrioleIcterus gularis.
Audubon’s OrioleIcterus graduacauda.
Baltimore OrioleIcterus galbula.
Black-backed OrioleIcterus abeillei.
Black-vented OrioleIcterus wagleri.
Bullock’s OrioleIcterus bullockii.
Hooded OrioleIcterus cucullatus.
Orchard OrioleIcterus spurius.
Puerto Rican OrioleIcterus portoricensis.
Scott’s OrioleIcterus parisorum.
Streak-backed OrioleIcterus pustulatus.
OspreyOspreyPandion haliaetus.
‘?’?‘?’?Psittirostra psittacea.
OvenbirdOvenbirdSeiurus aurocapilla.
OwlBarn OwlTyto alba.
Barred OwlStrix varia.
Boreal OwlAegolius funereus.
Burrowing OwlAthene cunicularia.
Elf OwlMicrathene whitneyi.
Flammulated OwlPsiloscops flammeolus.
Great Gray OwlStrix nebulosa.
Great Horned OwlBubo virginianus.
Long-eared OwlAsio otus.
Mottled OwlStrix virgata.
Northern Hawk OwlSurnia ulula.
Northern Saw-whet OwlAegolius acadicus.
Puerto Rican OwlGymnasio nudipes.
Short-eared OwlAsio flammeus.
Snowy OwlBubo scandiacus.
Spotted OwlStrix occidentalis.
Stygian OwlAsio stygius.
OystercatcherAmerican OystercatcherHaematopus palliatus.
Black OystercatcherHaematopus bachmani.
Eurasian OystercatcherHaematopus ostralegus.
PalilaPalilaLoxioides bailleui.
Palm-SwiftAntillean Palm-SwiftTachornis phoenicobia.
ParrotbillMaui ParrotbillPseudonestor xanthophrys.
ParulaNorthern ParulaSetophaga americana.
Tropical ParulaSetophaga pitiayumi.
PauraqueCommon PauraqueNyctidromus albicollis.
PelicanAmerican White PelicanPelecanus erythrorhynchos.
Brown PelicanPelecanus occidentalis.
PetrelBermuda PetrelPterodroma cahow.
Black-capped PetrelPterodroma hasitata.
Black-winged PetrelPterodroma nigripennis.
Bonin PetrelPterodroma hypoleuca.
Bulwer’s PetrelBulweria bulwerii.
Cook’s PetrelPterodroma cookii.
Fea’s PetrelPterodroma feae.
Gould’s PetrelPterodroma leucoptera.
Gray-faced PetrelPterodroma gouldi.
Hawaiian PetrelPterodroma sandwichensis.
Herald PetrelPterodroma heraldica.
Jouanin’s PetrelBulweria fallax.
Juan Fernandez PetrelPterodroma externa.
Kermadec PetrelPterodroma neglecta.
Mottled PetrelPterodroma inexpectata.
Murphy’s PetrelPterodroma ultima.
Parkinson’s PetrelProcellaria parkinsoni.
Phoenix PetrelPterodroma alba.
Providence PetrelPterodroma solandri.
Stejneger’s PetrelPterodroma longirostris.
Tahiti PetrelPseudobulweria rostrata.
Trindade PetrelPterodroma arminjoniana.
White-chinned PetrelProcellaria aequinoctialis.
White-necked PetrelPterodroma cervicalis.
Zino’s PetrelPterodroma madeira.
PeweeCuban PeweeContopus caribaeus.
Greater PeweeContopus pertinax.
Hispaniolan PeweeContopus hispaniolensis.
Lesser Antillean PeweeContopus latirostris.
PhainopeplaPhainopeplaPhainopepla nitens.
PhalaropeRed PhalaropePhalaropus fulicarius.
Red-necked PhalaropePhalaropus lobatus.
Wilson’s PhalaropePhalaropus tricolor.
PhoebeBlack PhoebeSayornis nigricans.
Eastern PhoebeSayornis phoebe.
Say’s PhoebeSayornis saya.
PigeonBand-tailed PigeonPatagioenas fasciata.
Plain PigeonPatagioenas inornata.
Red-billed PigeonPatagioenas flavirostris.
Scaly-naped PigeonPatagioenas squamosa.
White-crowned PigeonPatagioenas leucocephala.
PintailNorthern PintailAnas acuta.
White-cheeked PintailAnas bahamensis.
PipitAmerican PipitAnthus rubescens.
Olive-backed PipitAnthus hodgsoni.
Pechora PipitAnthus gustavi.
Red-throated PipitAnthus cervinus.
Sprague’s PipitAnthus spragueii.
Tree PipitAnthus trivialis.
PloverBlack-bellied PloverPluvialis squatarola.
Collared PloverCharadrius collaris.
Common Ringed PloverCharadrius hiaticula.
Kentish PloverCharadrius alexandrinus.
Little Ringed PloverCharadrius dubius.
Mountain PloverCharadrius montanus.
Piping PloverCharadrius melodus.
Semipalmated PloverCharadrius semipalmatus.
Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosus.
Wilson’s PloverCharadrius wilsonia.
PochardBaer’s PochardAythya baeri.
Common PochardAythya ferina.
Pond-HeronChinese Pond-HeronArdeola bacchus.
PoorwillCommon PoorwillPhalaenoptilus nuttallii.
Po’ouliPo’ouliMelamprosops phaeosoma.
PuaiohiPuaiohiMyadestes palmeri.
PuffinAtlantic PuffinFratercula arctica.
Horned PuffinFratercula corniculata.
Tufted PuffinFratercula cirrhata.
Pygmy-OwlFerruginous Pygmy-OwlGlaucidium brasilianum.
Northern Pygmy-OwlGlaucidium gnoma.
PyrrhuloxiaPyrrhuloxiaCardinalis sinuatus.
Quail-DoveBridled Quail-DoveGeotrygon mystacea.
Key West Quail-DoveGeotrygon chrysia.
Ruddy Quail-DoveGeotrygon montana.
QuetzalEared QuetzalEuptilotis neoxenus.
RailBlack RailLaterallus jamaicensis.
Buff-banded RailGallirallus philippensis.
Clapper RailRallus crepitans.
Guam RailGallirallus owstoni.
King RailRallus elegans.
Ridgway’s RailRallus obsoletus.
Spotted RailPardirallus maculatus.
Virginia RailRallus limicola.
Yellow RailCoturnicops noveboracensis.
RavenChihuahuan RavenCorvus cryptoleucus.
Common RavenCorvus corax.
RazorbillRazorbillAlca torda.
RedheadRedheadAythya americana.
RedpollCommon RedpollAcanthis flammea.
Hoary RedpollAcanthis hornemanni.
RedshankCommon RedshankTringa totanus.
Spotted RedshankTringa erythropus.
RedstartAmerican RedstartSetophaga ruticilla.
Common RedstartPhoenicurus phoenicurus.
Painted RedstartMyioborus pictus.
Slate-throated RedstartMyioborus miniatus.
RedwingRedwingTurdus iliacus.
Reef-HeronPacific Reef-HeronEgretta sacra.
Western Reef-HeronEgretta gularis.
RoadrunnerGreater RoadrunnerGeococcyx californianus.
RobinAmerican RobinTurdus migratorius.
European RobinErithacus rubecula.
Rufous-backed RobinTurdus rufopalliatus.
Rufous-tailed RobinLarvivora sibilans.
Siberian Blue RobinLarvivora cyane.
Rock-ThrushBlue Rock-ThrushMonticola solitarius.
RosefinchCommon RosefinchCarpodacus erythrinus.
Pallas’s RosefinchCarpodacus roseus.
Rosy-FinchAsian Rosy-FinchLeucosticte arctoa.
Black Rosy-FinchLeucosticte atrata.
Brown-capped Rosy-FinchLeucosticte australis.
Gray-crowned Rosy-FinchLeucosticte tephrocotis.
RubythroatSiberian RubythroatCalliope calliope.
RuffRuffCalidris pugnax.
SanderlingSanderlingCalidris alba.
SandpiperBaird’s SandpiperCalidris bairdii.
Broad-billed SandpiperCalidris falcinellus.
Buff-breasted SandpiperCalidris subruficollis.
Common SandpiperActitis hypoleucos.
Curlew SandpiperCalidris ferruginea.
Green SandpiperTringa ochropus.
Least SandpiperCalidris minutilla.
Marsh SandpiperTringa stagnatilis.
Pectoral SandpiperCalidris melanotos.
Purple SandpiperCalidris maritima.
Rock SandpiperCalidris ptilocnemis.
Semipalmated SandpiperCalidris pusilla.
Sharp-tailed SandpiperCalidris acuminata.
Solitary SandpiperTringa solitaria.
Spoon-billed SandpiperCalidris pygmea.
Spotted SandpiperActitis macularius.
Stilt SandpiperCalidris himantopus.
Terek SandpiperXenus cinereus.
Upland SandpiperBartramia longicauda.
Western SandpiperCalidris mauri.
White-rumped SandpiperCalidris fuscicollis.
Wood SandpiperTringa glareola.
Sand-PloverGreater Sand-PloverCharadrius leschenaultii.
Lesser Sand-PloverCharadrius mongolus.
SapsuckerRed-breasted SapsuckerSphyrapicus ruber.
Red-naped SapsuckerSphyrapicus nuchalis.
Williamson’s SapsuckerSphyrapicus thyroideus.
Yellow-bellied SapsuckerSphyrapicus varius.
ScaupGreater ScaupAythya marila.
Lesser ScaupAythya affinis.
Scops-OwlOriental Scops-OwlOtus sunia.
ScoterBlack ScoterMelanitta americana.
Common ScoterMelanitta nigra.
Stejneger’s ScoterMelanitta stejneger.
Surf ScoterMelanitta perspicillata.
White-winged ScoterMelanitta deglandi.
Screech-OwlEastern Screech-OwlMegascops asio.
Western Screech-OwlMegascops kennicottii.
Whiskered Screech-OwlMegascops trichopsis.
Scrub-JayCalifornia Scrub-JayAphelocoma californica.
Florida Scrub-JayAphelocoma coerulescens.
Island Scrub-JayAphelocoma insularis.
Woodhouse’s Scrub-JayAphelocoma woodhouseii.
Sea-EagleSteller’s Sea-EagleHaliaeetus pelagicus.
SeedeaterMorelet’s SeedeaterSporophila morelleti.
ShearwaterAudubon’s ShearwaterPuffinus lherminieri.
Barolo ShearwaterPuffinus baroli.
Black-vented ShearwaterPuffinus opisthomelas.
Bryan’s ShearwaterPuffinus bryani.
Buller’s ShearwaterArdenna bulleri.
Cape Verde ShearwaterCalonectris edwardsii.
Christmas ShearwaterPuffinus nativitatis.
Cory’s ShearwaterCalonectris diomedea.
Flesh-footed ShearwaterArdenna carneipes.
Great ShearwaterArdenna gravis.
Manx ShearwaterPuffinus puffinus.
Newell’s ShearwaterPuffinus newelli.
Pink-footed ShearwaterArdenna creatopus.
Short-tailed ShearwaterArdenna tenuirostris.
Sooty ShearwaterArdenna grisea.
Streaked ShearwaterCalonectris leucomelas.
Wedge-tailed ShearwaterArdenna pacifica.
ShovelerNorthern ShovelerSpatula clypeata.
ShrikeBrown ShrikeLanius cristatus.
Loggerhead ShrikeLanius ludovicianus.
Northern ShrikeLanius borealis.
Silky-FlycatcherGray Silky-FlycatcherPtiliogonys cinereus.
SiskinEurasian SiskinSpinus spinus.
Pine SiskinSpinus pinus.
SkimmerBlack SkimmerRynchops niger.
SkuaGreat SkuaStercorarius skua.
South Polar SkuaStercorarius maccormicki.
SkylarkEurasian SkylarkAlauda arvensis.
SmewSmewMergellus albellus.
SnipeCommon SnipeGallinago gallinago.
Jack SnipeLymnocryptes minimus.
Pin-tailed SnipeGallinago stenura.
Solitary SnipeGallinago solitaria.
Swinhoe’s SnipeGallinago megala.
Wilson’s SnipeGallinago delicata.
SolitaireBrown-backed SolitaireMyadestes occidentalis.
Townsend’s SolitaireMyadestes townsendi.
SoraSoraPorzana carolina.
SparrowAmerican Tree SparrowSpizelloides arborea.
Bachman’s SparrowPeucaea aestivalis.
Baird’s SparrowCentronyx bairdii.
Bell’s SparrowArtemisiospiza belli.
Black-chinned SparrowSpizella atrogularis.
Black-throated SparrowAmphispiza bilineata.
Botteri’s SparrowPeucaea botterii.
Brewer’s SparrowSpizella breweri.
Cassin’s SparrowPeucaea cassinii.
Chipping SparrowSpizella passerina.
Clay-colored SparrowSpizella pallida.
Field SparrowSpizella pusilla.
Five-striped SparrowAmphispizopsis quinquestriata.
Fox SparrowPasserella iliaca.
Golden-crowned SparrowZonotrichia atricapilla.
Grasshopper SparrowAmmodramus savannarum.
Harris’s SparrowZonotrichia querula.
Henslow’s SparrowCentronyx henslowii.
Lark SparrowChondestes grammacus.
LeConte’s SparrowAmmospiza leconteii.
Lincoln’s SparrowMelospiza lincolnii.
Nelson’s SparrowAmmospiza nelsoni.
Olive SparrowArremonops rufivirgatus.
Rufous-crowned SparrowAimophila ruficeps.
Rufous-winged SparrowPeucaea carpalis.
Sagebrush SparrowArtemisiospiza nevadensis.
Saltmarsh SparrowAmmospiza caudacuta.
Savannah SparrowPasserculus sandwichensis.
Seaside SparrowAmmospiza maritima.
Song SparrowMelospiza melodia.
Swamp SparrowMelospiza georgiana.
Vesper SparrowPooecetes gramineus.
White-crowned SparrowZonotrichia leucophrys.
White-throated SparrowZonotrichia albicollis.
Worthen’s SparrowSpizella wortheni.
SparrowhawkChinese SparrowhawkAccipiter soloensis.
Japanese SparrowhawkAccipiter gularis.
SpindalisPuerto Rican SpindalisSpindalis portoricensis.
Western SpindalisSpindalis zena.
SpoonbillRoseate SpoonbillPlatalea ajaja.
StarlingChestnut-cheeked StarlingAgropsar philippensis.
White-cheeked StarlingSpodiopsar cineraceus.
StarthroatPlain-capped StarthroatHeliomaster constantii.
StiltBlack-necked StiltHimantopus mexicanus.
Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus.
StintLittle StintCalidris minuta.
Long-toed StintCalidris subminuta.
Red-necked StintCalidris ruficollis.
Temminck’s StintCalidris temminckii.
StonechatAsian StonechatSaxicola maurus.
StorkWood StorkMycteria americana.
Storm-PetrelAshy Storm-PetrelHydrobates homochroa.
Band-rumped Storm-PetrelHydrobates castro.
Black Storm-PetrelHydrobates melania.
Black-bellied Storm-PetrelFregetta tropica.
European Storm-PetrelHydrobates pelagicus.
Fork-tailed Storm-PetrelHydrobates furcatus.
Leach’s Storm-PetrelHydrobates leucorhous.
Least Storm-PetrelHydrobates microsoma.
Matsudaira’s Storm-PetrelHydrobates matsudairae.
Polynesian Storm-PetrelNesofregetta fuliginosa.
Ringed Storm-PetrelHydrobates hornbyi.
Swinhoe’s Storm-PetrelHydrobates monorhis.
Townsend’s Storm-PetrelHydrobates socorroensis.
Tristram’s Storm-PetrelHydrobates tristrami.
Wedge-rumped Storm-PetrelHydrobates tethys.
White-bellied Storm-PetrelFregetta grallaria.
White-faced Storm-PetrelPelagodroma marina.
Wilson’s Storm-PetrelOceanites oceanicus.
SurfbirdSurfbirdCalidris virgata.
SwallowBahama SwallowTachycineta cyaneoviridis.
Bank SwallowRiparia riparia.
Barn SwallowHirundo rustica.
Blue-and-white SwallowPygochelidon cyanoleuca.
Cave SwallowPetrochelidon fulva.
Cliff SwallowPetrochelidon pyrrhonota.
Mangrove SwallowTachycineta albilinea.
Northern Rough-winged SwallowStelgidopteryx serripennis.
Tree SwallowTachycineta bicolor.
Violet-green SwallowTachycineta thalassina.
SwamphenPurple SwamphenPorphyrio porphyrio.
SwanTrumpeter SwanCygnus buccinator.
Tundra SwanCygnus columbianus.
Whooper SwanCygnus cygnus.
SwiftAlpine SwiftApus melba.
Black SwiftCypseloides niger.
Chimney SwiftChaetura pelagica.
Common SwiftApus apus.
Fork-tailed SwiftApus pacificus.
Short-tailed SwiftChaetura brachyura.
Vaux’s SwiftChaetura vauxi.
White-collared SwiftStreptoprocne zonaris.
White-throated SwiftAeronautes saxatalis.
SwiftletMariana SwiftletAerodramus bartschi.
White-rumped SwiftletAerodramus spodiopygius.
TanagerFlame-colored TanagerPiranga bidentata.
Hepatic TanagerPiranga flava.
Puerto Rican TanagerNesospingus speculiferus.
Scarlet TanagerPiranga olivacea.
Summer TanagerPiranga rubra.
Western TanagerPiranga ludoviciana.
TattlerGray-tailed TattlerTringa brevipes.
Wandering TattlerTringa incana.
TealBaikal TealSibirionetta formosa.
Blue-winged TealSpatula discors.
Cinnamon TealSpatula cyanoptera.
Green-winged TealAnas crecca.
TernAleutian TernOnychoprion aleuticus.
Arctic TernSterna paradisaea.
Black TernChlidonias niger.
Black-naped TernSterna sumatrana.
Bridled TernOnychoprion anaethetus.
Caspian TernHydroprogne caspia.
Common TernSterna hirundo.
Elegant TernThalasseus elegans.
Forster’s TernSterna forsteri.
Gray-backed TernOnychoprion lunatus.
Great Crested TernThalasseus bergii.
Gull-billed TernGelochelidon nilotica.
Inca TernLarosterna inca.
Large-billed TernPhaetusa simplex.
Least TernSternula antillarum.
Little TernSternula albifrons.
Roseate TernSterna dougallii.
Royal TernThalasseus maximus.
Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis.
Sooty TernOnychoprion fuscatus.
Whiskered TernChlidonias hybrida.
White TernGygis alba.
White-winged TernChlidonias leucopterus.
ThrasherBendire’s ThrasherToxostoma bendirei.
Brown ThrasherToxostoma rufum.
California ThrasherToxostoma redivivum.
Crissal ThrasherToxostoma crissale.
Curve-billed ThrasherToxostoma curvirostre.
LeConte’s ThrasherToxostoma lecontei.
Long-billed ThrasherToxostoma longirostre.
Pearly-eyed ThrasherMargarops fuscatus.
Sage ThrasherOreoscoptes montanus.
ThrushAztec ThrushRidgwayia pinicola.
Bicknell’s ThrushCatharus bicknelli.
Clay-colored ThrushTurdus grayi.
Dusky ThrushTurdus eunomus.
Eyebrowed ThrushTurdus obscurus.
Gray-cheeked ThrushCatharus minimus.
Hermit ThrushCatharus guttatus.
Naumann’s ThrushTurdus naumanni.
Red-legged ThrushTurdus plumbeus.
Swainson’s ThrushCatharus ustulatus.
Varied ThrushIxoreus naevius.
White-throated ThrushTurdus assimilis.
Wood ThrushHylocichla mustelina.
Tiger-HeronBare-throated Tiger-HeronTigrisoma mexicanum.
TitmouseBlack-crested TitmouseBaeolophus atricristatus.
Bridled TitmouseBaeolophus wollweberi.
Juniper TitmouseBaeolophus ridgwayi.
Oak TitmouseBaeolophus inornatus.
Tufted TitmouseBaeolophus bicolor.
TityraMasked TityraTityra semifasciata.
TowheeAbert’s TowheeMelozone aberti.
California TowheeMelozone crissalis.
Canyon TowheeMelozone fusca.
Eastern TowheePipilo erythrophthalmus.
Green-tailed TowheePipilo chlorurus.
Spotted TowheePipilo maculatus.
TrogonElegant TrogonTrogon elegans.
TropicbirdRed-billed TropicbirdPhaethon aethereus.
Red-tailed TropicbirdPhaethon rubricauda.
White-tailed TropicbirdPhaethon lepturus.
TurnstoneBlack TurnstoneArenaria melanocephala.
Ruddy TurnstoneArenaria interpres.
Turtle-DoveOriental Turtle-DoveStreptopelia orientalis.
VeeryVeeryCatharus fuscescens.
VerdinVerdinAuriparus flaviceps.
VioletearMexican VioletearColibri thalassinus.
VireoBell’s VireoVireo bellii.
Black-capped VireoVireo atricapilla.
Black-whiskered VireoVireo altiloquus.
Blue-headed VireoVireo solitarius.
Cassin’s VireoVireo cassinii.
Cuban VireoVireo gundlachii.
Gray VireoVireo vicinior.
Hutton’s VireoVireo huttoni.
Philadelphia VireoVireo philadelphicus.
Plumbeous VireoVireo plumbeus.
Puerto Rican VireoVireo latimeri.
Red-eyed VireoVireo olivaceus.
Thick-billed VireoVireo crassirostris.
Warbling VireoVireo gilvus.
White-eyed VireoVireo griseus.
Yellow-green VireoVireo flavoviridis.
Yellow-throated VireoVireo flavifrons.
Yucatan VireoVireo magister.
VultureBlack VultureCoragyps atratus.
Turkey VultureCathartes aura.
WagtailCitrine WagtailMotacilla citreola.
Eastern Yellow WagtailMotacilla tschutschensis.
Gray WagtailMotacilla cinerea.
White WagtailMotacilla alba.
WarblerAdelaide’s WarblerSetophaga adelaidae.
Aguiguan Reed WarblerAcrocephalus nijoi.
Arctic WarblerPhylloscopus borealis.
Bachman’s WarblerVermivora bachmanii.
Bay-breasted WarblerSetophaga castanea.
Black-and-white WarblerMniotilta varia.
Blackburnian WarblerSetophaga fusca.
Blackpoll WarblerSetophaga striata.
Black-throated Blue WarblerSetophaga caerulescens.
Black-throated Gray WarblerSetophaga nigrescens.
Black-throated Green WarblerSetophaga virens.
Blue-winged WarblerVermivora cyanoptera.
Blyth’s Reed WarblerAcrocephalus dumetorum.
Canada WarblerCardellina canadensis.
Cape May WarblerSetophaga tigrina.
Cerulean WarblerSetophaga cerulea.
Chestnut-sided WarblerSetophaga pensylvanica.
Colima WarblerLeiothlypis crissalis.
Connecticut WarblerOporornis agilis.
Crescent-chested WarblerOreothlypis superciliosa.
Dusky WarblerPhylloscopus fuscatus.
Elfin-woods WarblerSetophaga angelae.
Fan-tailed WarblerBasileuterus lachrymosus.
Golden-cheeked WarblerSetophaga chrysoparia.
Golden-crowned WarblerBasileuterus culicivorus.
Golden-winged WarblerVermivora chrysoptera.
Grace’s WarblerSetophaga graciae.
Hermit WarblerSetophaga occidentalis.
Hooded WarblerSetophaga citrina.
Kamchatka Leaf WarblerPhylloscopus examinandus.
Kentucky WarblerGeothlypis formosa.
Kirtland’s WarblerSetophaga kirtlandii.
Lanceolated WarblerLocustella lanceolata.
Lucy’s WarblerLeiothlypis luciae.
MacGillivray’s WarblerGeothlypis tolmiei.
Magnolia WarblerSetophaga magnolia.
Middendorff’s Grasshopper WarblerHelopsaltes ochotensis.
Mourning WarblerGeothlypis philadelphia.
Nashville WarblerLeiothlypis ruficapilla.
Nightingale Reed WarblerAcrocephalus luscinius.
Olive WarblerPeucedramus taeniatus.
Orange-crowned WarblerLeiothlypis celata.
Pagan Reed WarblerAcrocephalus yamashinae.
Pallas’s Grasshopper WarblerHelopsaltes certhiola.
Pallas’s Leaf WarblerPhylloscopus proregulus.
Palm WarblerSetophaga palmarum.
Pine WarblerSetophaga pinus.
Prairie WarblerSetophaga discolor.
Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea.
Red-faced WarblerCardellina rubrifrons.
River WarblerLocustella fluviatilis.
Rufous-capped WarblerBasileuterus rufifrons.
Saipan Reed WarblerAcrocephalus hiwae.
Sedge WarblerAcrocephalus schoenobaenus.
Swainson’s WarblerLimnothlypis swainsonii.
Tennessee WarblerLeiothlypis peregrina.
Thick-billed WarblerArundinax aedon.
Townsend’s WarblerSetophaga townsendi.
Virginia’s WarblerLeiothlypis virginiae.
Willow WarblerPhylloscopus trochilus.
Wilson’s WarblerCardellina pusilla.
Wood WarblerPhylloscopus sibilatrix.
Worm-eating WarblerHelmitheros vermivorum.
Yellow WarblerSetophaga petechia.
Yellow-browed WarblerPhylloscopus inornatus.
Yellow-rumped WarblerSetophaga coronata.
Yellow-throated WarblerSetophaga dominica.
WaterthrushLouisiana WaterthrushParkesia motacilla.
Northern WaterthrushParkesia noveboracensis.
WaxwingBohemian WaxwingBombycilla garrulus.
Cedar WaxwingBombycilla cedrorum.
WheatearNorthern WheatearOenanthe oenanthe.
Pied WheatearOenanthe pleschanka.
WhimbrelWhimbrelNumenius phaeopus.
Whip-poor-willEastern Whip-poor-willAntrostomus vociferus.
Mexican Whip-poor-willAntrostomus arizonae.
Whistling-DuckBlack-bellied Whistling-DuckDendrocygna autumnalis.
Fulvous Whistling-DuckDendrocygna bicolor.
West Indian Whistling-DuckDendrocygna arborea.
WhitethroatLesser WhitethroatSylvia curruca.
WigeonAmerican WigeonMareca americana.
Eurasian WigeonMareca penelope.
WilletWilletTringa semipalmata.
WoodcockAmerican WoodcockScolopax minor.
Eurasian WoodcockScolopax rusticola.
WoodpeckerAcorn WoodpeckerMelanerpes formicivorus.
American Three-toed WoodpeckerPicoides dorsalis.
Arizona WoodpeckerDryobates arizonae.
Black-backed WoodpeckerPicoides arcticus.
Downy WoodpeckerDryobates pubescens.
Gila WoodpeckerMelanerpes uropygialis.
Golden-fronted WoodpeckerMelanerpes aurifrons.
Great Spotted WoodpeckerDendrocopos major.
Hairy WoodpeckerDryobates villosus.
Ivory-billed WoodpeckerCampephilus principalis.
Ladder-backed WoodpeckerDryobates scalaris.
Lewis’s WoodpeckerMelanerpes lewis.
Nuttall’s WoodpeckerDryobates nuttallii.
Pileated WoodpeckerDryocopus pileatus.
Puerto Rican WoodpeckerMelanerpes portoricensis.
Red-bellied WoodpeckerMelanerpes carolinus.
Red-cockaded WoodpeckerDryobates borealis.
Red-headed WoodpeckerMelanerpes erythrocephalus.
White-headed WoodpeckerDryobates albolarvatus.
Wood-PeweeEastern Wood-PeweeContopus virens.
Western Wood-PeweeContopus sordidulus.
Wood-RailRufous-necked Wood-RailAramides axillaris.
WoodstarBahama WoodstarNesophlox evelynae.
WrenBewick’s WrenThryomanes bewickii.
Cactus WrenCampylorhynchus brunneicapillus.
Canyon WrenCatherpes mexicanus.
Carolina WrenThryothorus ludovicianus.
House WrenTroglodytes aedon.
Marsh WrenCistothorus palustris.
Pacific WrenTroglodytes pacificus.
Rock WrenSalpinctes obsoletus.
Sedge WrenCistothorus stellaris.
Sinaloa WrenThryophilus sinaloa.
Winter WrenTroglodytes hiemalis.
WrentitWrentitChamaea fasciata.
WryneckEurasian WryneckJynx torquilla.
YellowlegsGreater YellowlegsTringa melanoleuca.
Lesser YellowlegsTringa flavipes.
YellowthroatCommon YellowthroatGeothlypis trichas.
Gray-crowned YellowthroatGeothlypis poliocephala.

(2) Taxonomic listing. The table lists species in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also provide the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily.

Table 2 to Paragraph (c)(2)—Taxonomic Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act

Species scientific nameSpecies common name
(i) Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae
(1) Subfamily Dendrocygninae
Dendrocygna autumnalisBlack-bellied Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna arboreaWest Indian Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna bicolorFulvous Whistling-Duck.
(2) Subfamily Anserinae
Anser canagicusEmperor Goose.
Anser caerulescensSnow Goose.
Anser rossiiRoss’s Goose.
Anser albifronsGreater White-fronted Goose.
Anser erythropusLesser White-fronted Goose.
Anser fabalisTaiga Bean-Goose.
Anser serrirostrisTundra Bean-Goose.
Anser brachyrhynchusPink-footed Goose.
Branta berniclaBrant.
Branta leucopsisBarnacle Goose.
Branta hutchinsiiCackling Goose.
Branta canadensisCanada Goose.
Branta sandvicensisHawaiian Goose.
Cygnus buccinatorTrumpeter Swan.
Cygnus columbianusTundra Swan.
Cygnus cygnusWhooper Swan.
(3) Subfamily Anatinae
Cairina moschataMuscovy Duck.
Aix sponsaWood Duck.
Sibirionetta formosaBaikal Teal.
Spatula querquedulaGarganey.
Spatula discorsBlue-winged Teal.
Spatula cyanopteraCinnamon Teal.
Spatula clypeataNorthern Shoveler.
Mareca streperaGadwall.
Mareca falcataFalcated Duck.
Mareca penelopeEurasian Wigeon.
Mareca americanaAmerican Wigeon.
Anas laysanensisLaysan Duck
Anas wyvillianaHawaiian Duck.
Anas zonorhynchaEastern Spot-billed Duck.
Anas platyrhynchosMallard.
Anas diaziMexican Duck.
Anas rubripesAmerican Black Duck.
Anas fulvigulaMottled Duck.
Anas superciliosaPacific Black Duck.
Anas bahamensisWhite-cheeked Pintail.
Anas acutaNorthern Pintail.
Anas creccaGreen-winged Teal.
Aythya valisineriaCanvasback.
Aythya americanaRedhead.
Aythya ferinaCommon Pochard.
Aythya baeriBaer’s Pochard.
Aythya collarisRing-necked Duck.
Aythya fuligulaTufted Duck.
Aythya marilaGreater Scaup.
Aythya affinisLesser Scaup.
Polysticta stelleriSteller’s Eider.
Somateria fischeriSpectacled Eider.
Somateria spectabilisKing Eider.
Somateria mollissimaCommon Eider.
Histrionicus histrionicusHarlequin Duck.
Melanitta perspicillataSurf Scoter.
Melanitta deglandiWhite-winged Scoter.
Melanitta stejnegerStejneger’s Scoter.
Melanitta nigraCommon Scoter.
Melanitta americanaBlack Scoter.
Clangula hyemalisLong-tailed Duck.
Bucephala albeolaBufflehead.
Bucephala clangulaCommon Goldeneye.
Bucephala islandicaBarrow’s Goldeneye.
Mergellus albellusSmew.
Lophodytes cucullatusHooded Merganser.
Mergus merganserCommon Merganser.
Mergus serratorRed-breasted Merganser.
Nomonyx dominicusMasked Duck.
Oxyura jamaicensisRuddy Duck.
(ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
Family Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus ruberAmerican Flamingo.
(iii) Order Podicipediformes
Family Podicipedidae
Tachybaptus dominicusLeast Grebe.
Podilymbus podicepsPied-billed Grebe.
Podiceps auritusHorned Grebe.
Podiceps grisegenaRed-necked Grebe.
Podiceps nigricollisEared Grebe.
Aechmophorus occidentalisWestern Grebe.
Aechmophorus clarkiiClark’s Grebe.
(iv) Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Patagioenas squamosaScaly-naped Pigeon.
Patagioenas leucocephalaWhite-crowned Pigeon.
Patagioenas flavirostrisRed-billed Pigeon.
Patagioenas inornataPlain Pigeon.
Patagioenas fasciataBand-tailed Pigeon.
Streptopelia orientalisOriental Turtle-Dove.
Alopecoenas stairiShy Ground Dove.
Alopecoenas xanthonurusWhite-throated Ground Dove.
Columbina incaInca Dove.
Columbina passerinaCommon Ground Dove.
Columbina talpacotiRuddy Ground Dove.
Geotrygon montanaRuddy Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon chrysiaKey West Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon mystaceaBridled Quail-Dove.
Leptotila verreauxiWhite-tipped Dove.
Zenaida asiaticaWhite-winged Dove.
Zenaida auritaZenaida Dove.
Zenaida macrouraMourning Dove.
Ptilinopus perousiiMany-colored Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus porphyraceusCrimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus roseicapillaMariana Fruit-Dove.
Ducula pacificaPacific Imperial-Pigeon.
(v) Order Cuculiformes
Family Cuculidae
(1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
Crotophaga aniSmooth-billed Ani.
Crotophaga sulcirostrisGroove-billed Ani.
(2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
Geococcyx californianusGreater Roadrunner.
(3) Subfamily Cuculinae
Urodynamis taitensisLong-tailed Koel.
Hierococcyx nisicolorHodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo.
Cuculus canorusCommon Cuckoo.
Cuculus optatusOriental Cuckoo.
Clamator coromandusChestnut-winged Cuckoo.
Coccyzus melacoryphusDark-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus americanusYellow-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus minorMangrove Cuckoo.
Coccyzus erythropthalmusBlack-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus vieillotiPuerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
(vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgidae
(1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
Chordeiles acutipennisLesser Nighthawk.
Chordeiles minorCommon Nighthawk.
Chordeiles gundlachiiAntillean Nighthawk.
(2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
Nyctidromus albicollisCommon Pauraque.
Phalaenoptilus nuttalliiCommon Poorwill.
Antrostomus carolinensisChuck-will’s-widow.
Antrostomus ridgwayiBuff-collared Nightjar.
Antrostomus vociferusEastern Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus arizonaeMexican Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus noctitherusPuerto Rican Nightjar.
Hydropsalis cayennensisWhite-tailed Nightjar.
Caprimulgus jotakaGray Nightjar.
(vii) Order Apodiformes
(A) Family Apodidae
(1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
Cypseloides nigerBlack Swift.
Streptoprocne zonarisWhite-collared Swift.
(2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
Chaetura pelagicaChimney Swift.
Chaetura vauxiVaux’s Swift.
Chaetura brachyuraShort-tailed Swift.
Hirundapus caudacutusWhite-throated Needletail.
Aerodramus spodiopygiusWhite-rumped Swiftlet.
Aerodramus bartschiMariana Swiftlet.
(3) Subfamily Apodinae
Apus apusCommon Swift.
Apus pacificusFork-tailed Swift.
Apus melbaAlpine Swift.
Aeronautes saxatalisWhite-throated Swift.
Tachornis phoenicobiaAntillean Palm-Swift.
(B) Family Trochilidae
Subfamily Trochilinae
Colibri thalassinusMexican Violetear.
Anthracothorax prevostiiGreen-breasted Mango.
Anthracothorax aurulentusPuerto Rican Mango.
Anthracothorax viridisGreen Mango.
Eulampis jugularisPurple-throated Carib.
Eulampis holosericeusGreen-throated Carib.
Eugenes fulgensRivoli’s Hummingbird.
Heliomaster constantiiPlain-capped Starthroat.
Lampornis amethystinusAmethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
Lampornis clemenciaeBlue-throated Mountain-gem.
Calothorax luciferLucifer Hummingbird.
Archilochus colubrisRuby-throated Hummingbird.
Archilochus alexandriBlack-chinned Hummingbird.
Mellisuga minimaVervain Hummingbird.
Nesophlox evelynaeBahama Woodstar.
Calypte annaAnna’s Hummingbird.
Calypte costaeCosta’s Hummingbird.
Selasphorus calliopeCalliope Hummingbird.
Selasphorus rufusRufous Hummingbird.
Selasphorus sasinAllen’s Hummingbird.
Selasphorus platycercusBroad-tailed Hummingbird.
Selasphorus heloisaBumblebee Hummingbird.
Riccordia maugaeusPuerto Rican Emerald.
Cynanthus latirostrisBroad-billed Hummingbird.
Basilinna leucotisWhite-eared Hummingbird.
Basilinna xantusiiXantus’s Hummingbird.
Orthorhyncus cristatusAntillean Crested Hummingbird.
Ramosomyia violicepsViolet-crowned Hummingbird.
Saucerottia beryllinaBerylline Hummingbird.
Amazilia rutilaCinnamon Hummingbird.
Amazilia yucatanensisBuff-bellied Hummingbird.
(viii) Order Gruiformes
(A) Family Rallidae
Gallirallus philippensisBuff-banded Rail.
Gallirallus owstoniGuam Rail.
Neocrex erythropsPaint-billed Crake.
Pardirallus maculatusSpotted Rail.
Aramides axillarisRufous-necked Wood-Rail.
Rallus obsoletusRidgway’s Rail.
Rallus elegansKing Rail.
Rallus crepitansClapper Rail.
Rallus limicolaVirginia Rail.
Crex crexCorn Crake.
Porzana carolinaSora.
Gallinula galeataCommon Gallinule.
Gallinula chloropusEurasian Moorhen.
Fulica atraEurasian Coot.
Fulica alaiHawaiian Coot.
Fulica americanaAmerican Coot.
Porphyrio martinicusPurple Gallinule.
Porphyrio flavirostrisAzure Gallinule.
Porphyrio porphyrioPurple Swamphen.
Porzana tabuensisSpotless Crake.
Coturnicops noveboracensisYellow Rail.
Hapalocrex flaviventerYellow-breasted Crake.
Laterallus jamaicensisBlack Rail.
(B) Family Aramidae
Aramus guaraunaLimpkin.
(C) Family Gruidae
Subfamily Gruinae
Antigone canadensisSandhill Crane.
Grus grusCommon Crane.
Grus monachaHooded Crane.
Grus americanaWhooping Crane.
(ix) Order Charadriiformes
(A) Family Recurvirostridae
Himantopus himantopusBlack-winged Stilt.
Himantopus mexicanusBlack-necked Stilt.
Recurvirostra americanaAmerican Avocet.
(B) Family Haematopodidae
Haematopus ostralegusEurasian Oystercatcher.
Haematopus palliatusAmerican Oystercatcher.
Haematopus bachmaniBlack Oystercatcher.
(C) Family Charadriidae
(1) Subfamily Vanellinae
Vanellus vanellusNorthern Lapwing.
(2) Subfamily Charadriinae
Pluvialis squatarolaBlack-bellied Plover.
Pluvialis apricariaEuropean Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis dominicaAmerican Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis fulvaPacific Golden-Plover.
Charadrius morinellusEurasian Dotterel.
Charadrius vociferusKilldeer.
Charadrius hiaticulaCommon Ringed Plover.
Charadrius semipalmatusSemipalmated Plover.
Charadrius melodusPiping Plover.
Charadrius dubiusLittle Ringed Plover.
Charadrius mongolusLesser Sand-Plover.
Charadrius leschenaultiiGreater Sand-Plover.
Charadrius wilsoniaWilson’s Plover.
Charadrius collarisCollared Plover.
Charadrius alexandrinusKentish Plover.
Charadrius montanusMountain Plover.
Charadrius nivosusSnowy Plover.
(D) Family Jacanidae
Jacana spinosaNorthern Jacana.
(E) Family Scolopacidae
(1) Subfamily Numeniinae
Bartramia longicaudaUpland Sandpiper.
Numenius tahitiensisBristle-thighed Curlew.
Numenius phaeopusWhimbrel.
Numenius minutusLittle Curlew.
Numenius borealisEskimo Curlew.
Numenius americanusLong-billed Curlew.
Numenius madagascariensisFar Eastern Curlew.
Numenius arquataEurasian Curlew.
(2) Subfamily Limosinae
Limosa lapponicaBar-tailed Godwit.
Limosa limosaBlack-tailed Godwit.
Limosa haemasticaHudsonian Godwit.
Limosa fedoaMarbled Godwit.
(3) Subfamily Arenariinae
Arenaria interpresRuddy Turnstone.
Arenaria melanocephalaBlack Turnstone.
Calidris tenuirostrisGreat Knot.
Calidris canutusRed Knot.
Calidris virgataSurfbird.
Calidris pugnaxRuff.
Calidris falcinellusBroad-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris acuminataSharp-tailed Sandpiper.
Calidris himantopusStilt Sandpiper.
Calidris ferrugineaCurlew Sandpiper.
Calidris temminckiiTemminck’s Stint.
Calidris subminutaLong-toed Stint.
Calidris pygmeaSpoon-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris ruficollisRed-necked Stint.
Calidris albaSanderling.
Calidris alpinaDunlin.
Calidris ptilocnemisRock Sandpiper.
Calidris maritimaPurple Sandpiper.
Calidris bairdiiBaird’s Sandpiper.
Calidris minutaLittle Stint.
Calidris minutillaLeast Sandpiper.
Calidris fuscicollisWhite-rumped Sandpiper.
Calidris subruficollisBuff-breasted Sandpiper.
Calidris melanotosPectoral Sandpiper.
Calidris pusillaSemipalmated Sandpiper.
Calidris mauriWestern Sandpiper.
(4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
Limnodromus griseusShort-billed Dowitcher.
Limnodromus scolopaceusLong-billed Dowitcher.
Lymnocryptes minimusJack Snipe.
Scolopax rusticolaEurasian Woodcock.
Scolopax minorAmerican Woodcock.
Gallinago solitariaSolitary Snipe.
Gallinago stenuraPin-tailed Snipe.
Gallinago megalaSwinhoe’s Snipe.
Gallinago gallinagoCommon Snipe.
Gallinago delicataWilson’s Snipe.
(5) Subfamily Tringinae
Xenus cinereusTerek Sandpiper.
Actitis hypoleucosCommon Sandpiper.
Actitis maculariusSpotted Sandpiper.
Tringa ochropusGreen Sandpiper.
Tringa solitariaSolitary Sandpiper.
Tringa brevipesGray-tailed Tattler.
Tringa incanaWandering Tattler.
Tringa flavipesLesser Yellowlegs.
Tringa semipalmataWillet.
Tringa erythropusSpotted Redshank.
Tringa nebulariaCommon Greenshank.
Tringa guttiferNordmann’s Greenshank.
Tringa melanoleucaGreater Yellowlegs.
Tringa totanusCommon Redshank.
Tringa glareolaWood Sandpiper.
Tringa stagnatilisMarsh Sandpiper.
Phalaropus tricolorWilson’s Phalarope.
Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope.
Phalaropus fulicariusRed Phalarope.
(F) Family Stercorariidae
Stercorarius skuaGreat Skua.
Stercorarius maccormickiSouth Polar Skua.
Stercorarius pomarinusPomarine Jaeger.
Stercorarius parasiticusParasitic Jaeger.
Stercorarius longicaudusLong-tailed Jaeger.
(G) Family Alcidae
Alle alleDovekie.
Uria aalgeCommon Murre.
Uria lomviaThick-billed Murre.
Alca tordaRazorbill.
Cepphus grylleBlack Guillemot.
Cepphus columbaPigeon Guillemot.
Brachyramphus perdixLong-billed Murrelet.
Brachyramphus marmoratusMarbled Murrelet
Brachyramphus brevirostrisKittlitz’s Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus scrippsiScripps’s Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus hypoleucusGuadalupe Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus craveriCraveri’s Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus antiquusAncient Murrelet.
Ptychoramphus aleuticusCassin’s Auklet.
Aethia psittaculaParakeet Auklet.
Aethia pusillaLeast Auklet.
Aethia pygmaeaWhiskered Auklet.
Aethia cristatellaCrested Auklet.
Cerorhinca monocerataRhinoceros Auklet.
Fratercula arcticaAtlantic Puffin.
Fratercula corniculataHorned Puffin.
Fratercula cirrhataTufted Puffin.
(H) Family Laridae
(1) Subfamily Larinae
Creagrus furcatusSwallow-tailed Gull.
Rissa tridactylaBlack-legged Kittiwake.
Rissa brevirostrisRed-legged Kittiwake.
Pagophila eburneaIvory Gull.
Xema sabiniSabine’s Gull.
Chroicocephalus philadelphiaBonaparte’s Gull.
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalusGray-hooded Gull.
Chroicocephalus ridibundusBlack-headed Gull.
Hydrocoloeus minutusLittle Gull.
Rhodostethia roseaRoss’s Gull.
Leucophaeus atricillaLaughing Gull.
Leucophaeus pipixcanFranklin’s Gull.
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetusPallas’s Gull.
Larus belcheriBelcher’s Gull.
Larus crassirostrisBlack-tailed Gull.
Larus heermanniHeermann’s Gull.
Larus canusCommon Gull.
Larus brachyrhynchusShort-billed Gull.
Larus delawarensisRing-billed Gull.
Larus occidentalisWestern Gull.
Larus livensYellow-footed Gull.
Larus californicusCalifornia Gull.
Larus argentatusHerring Gull.
Larus michahellisYellow-legged Gull.
Larus glaucoidesIceland Gull.
Larus fuscusLesser Black-backed Gull.
Larus schistisagusSlaty-backed Gull.
Larus glaucescensGlaucous-winged Gull.
Larus hyperboreusGlaucous Gull.
Larus marinusGreat Black-backed Gull.
Larus dominicanusKelp Gull.
(2) Subfamily Sterninae
Anous stolidusBrown Noddy.
Anous minutusBlack Noddy.
Anous ceruleusBlue-gray Noddy.
Gygis albaWhite Tern.
Onychoprion fuscatusSooty Tern.
Onychoprion lunatusGray-backed Tern.
Onychoprion anaethetusBridled Tern.
Onychoprion aleuticusAleutian Tern.
Sternula albifronsLittle Tern.
Sternula antillarumLeast Tern.
Phaetusa simplexLarge-billed Tern.
Gelochelidon niloticaGull-billed Tern.
Hydroprogne caspiaCaspian Tern.
Larosterna incaInca Tern.
Chlidonias nigerBlack Tern.
Chlidonias leucopterusWhite-winged Tern.
Chlidonias hybridaWhiskered Tern.
Sterna dougalliiRoseate Tern.
Sterna sumatranaBlack-naped Tern.
Sterna hirundoCommon Tern.
Sterna paradisaeaArctic Tern.
Sterna forsteriForster’s Tern.
Thalasseus maximusRoyal Tern.
Thalasseus bergiiGreat Crested Tern.
Thalasseus sandvicensisSandwich Tern.
Thalasseus elegansElegant Tern.
(3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
Rynchops nigerBlack Skimmer.
(x) Order Phaethontiformes
Family Phaethontidae
Phaethon lepturusWhite-tailed Tropicbird.
Phaethon aethereusRed-billed Tropicbird.
Phaethon rubricaudaRed-tailed Tropicbird.
(xi) Order Gaviiformes
Family Gaviidae
Gavia stellataRed-throated Loon.
Gavia arcticaArctic Loon.
Gavia pacificaPacific Loon.
Gavia immerCommon Loon.
Gavia adamsiiYellow-billed Loon.
(xii) Order Procellariiformes
(A) Family Diomedeidae
Thalassarche chlororhynchosYellow-nosed Albatross.
Thalassarche cautaWhite-capped Albatross.
Thalassarche eremitaChatham Albatross.
Thalassarche salviniSalvin’s Albatross.
Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-browed Albatross.
Phoebetria palpebrataLight-mantled Albatross.
Diomedea exulansWandering Albatross.
Phoebastria immutabilisLaysan Albatross.
Phoebastria nigripesBlack-footed Albatross.
Phoebastria albatrusShort-tailed Albatross.
(B) Family Oceanitidae
Family Phaethontidae
Oceanites oceanicusWilson’s Storm-Petrel.
Pelagodroma marinaWhite-faced Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta grallariaWhite-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta tropicaBlack-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Nesofregetta fuliginosaPolynesian Storm-Petrel.
(C) Family Hydrobatidae
Hydrobates pelagicusEuropean Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates furcatusFork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates hornbyiRinged Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates monorhisSwinhoe’s Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates leucorhousLeach’s Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates socorroensisTownsend’s Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates homochroaAshy Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates castroBand-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tethysWedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates melaniaBlack Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates matsudairaeMatsudaira’s Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tristramiTristram’s Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates microsomaLeast Storm-Petrel.
(D) Family Procellariidae
Macronectes halliNorthern Giant-Petrel.
Fulmarus glacialisNorthern Fulmar.
Pterodroma gouldiGray-faced Petrel.
Pterodroma solandriProvidence Petrel.
Pterodroma neglectaKermadec Petrel.
Pterodroma arminjonianaTrindade Petrel.
Pterodroma heraldicaHerald Petrel.
Pterodroma ultimaMurphy’s Petrel.
Pterodroma inexpectataMottled Petrel.
Pterodroma cahowBermuda Petrel.
Pterodroma hasitataBlack-capped Petrel.
Pterodroma externaJuan Fernandez Petrel.
Pterodroma sandwichensisHawaiian Petrel.
Pterodroma cervicalisWhite-necked Petrel.
Pterodroma hypoleucaBonin Petrel.
Pterodroma nigripennisBlack-winged Petrel.
Pterodroma feaeFea’s Petrel.
Pterodroma madeiraZino’s Petrel.
Pterodroma cookiiCook’s Petrel.
Pterodroma leucopteraGould’s Petrel.
Pterodroma longirostrisStejneger’s Petrel.
Pterodroma albaPhoenix Petrel.
Pseudobulweria rostrataTahiti Petrel.
Bulweria bulweriiBulwer’s Petrel.
Bulweria fallaxJouanin’s Petrel.
Procellaria aequinoctialisWhite-chinned Petrel.
Procellaria parkinsoniParkinson’s Petrel.
Calonectris leucomelasStreaked Shearwater.
Calonectris diomedeaCory’s Shearwater.
Calonectris edwardsiiCape Verde Shearwater.
Ardenna pacificaWedge-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna bulleriBuller’s Shearwater.
Ardenna tenuirostrisShort-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna griseaSooty Shearwater.
Ardenna gravisGreat Shearwater.
Ardenna creatopusPink-footed Shearwater.
Ardenna carneipesFlesh-footed Shearwater.
Puffinus nativitatisChristmas Shearwater.
Puffinus puffinusManx Shearwater.
Puffinus newelliNewell’s Shearwater.
Puffinus bryaniBryan’s Shearwater.
Puffinus opisthomelasBlack-vented Shearwater.
Puffinus lherminieriAudubon’s Shearwater.
Puffinus baroliBarolo Shearwater.
(xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
Family Ciconiidae
Jabiru mycteriaJabiru.
Mycteria americanaWood Stork.
(xiv) Order Suliformes
(A) Family Fregatidae
Fregata arielLesser Frigatebird.
Fregata magnificensMagnificent Frigatebird.
Fregata minorGreat Frigatebird.
(B) Family Sulidae
Sula dactylatraMasked Booby.
Sula grantiNazca Booby.
Sula nebouxiiBlue-footed Booby.
Sula leucogasterBrown Booby.
Sula sulaRed-footed Booby.
Papasula abbottiAbbott’s Booby.
Morus bassanusNorthern Gannet.
(C) Family Anhingidae
Anhinga anhingaAnhinga.
(D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
Microcarbo melanoleucosLittle Pied Cormorant.
Urile penicillatusBrandt’s Cormorant.
Urile urileRed-faced Cormorant.
Urile pelagicusPelagic Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax carboGreat Cormorant.
Nannopterum auritumDouble-crested Cormorant.
Nannopterum brasilianumNeotropic Cormorant.
(xv) Order Pelecaniformes
(A) Family Pelecanidae
Pelecanus erythrorhynchosAmerican White Pelican.
Pelecanus occidentalisBrown Pelican.
(B) Family Ardeidae
Botaurus lentiginosusAmerican Bittern.
Ixobrychus sinensisYellow Bittern.
Ixobrychus exilisLeast Bittern.
Ixobrychus eurhythmusSchrenck’s Bittern.
Ixobrychus flavicollisBlack Bittern.
Tigrisoma mexicanumBare-throated Tiger-Heron.
Ardea herodiasGreat Blue Heron.
Ardea cinereaGray Heron.
Ardea albaGreat Egret.
Ardea intermediaIntermediate Egret.
Egretta eulophotesChinese Egret.
Egretta garzettaLittle Egret.
Egretta sacraPacific Reef-Heron.
Egretta gularisWestern Reef-Heron.
Egretta thulaSnowy Egret.
Egretta caeruleaLittle Blue Heron.
Egretta tricolorTricolored Heron.
Egretta rufescensReddish Egret.
Bubulcus ibisCattle Egret.
Ardeola bacchusChinese Pond-Heron.
Butorides virescensGreen Heron.
Nycticorax nycticoraxBlack-crowned Night-Heron.
Nycticorax caledonicusNankeen Night-Heron.
Nyctanassa violaceaYellow-crowned Night-Heron.
Gorsachius goisagiJapanese Night-Heron.
Gorsachius melanolophusMalayan Night-Heron.
(C) Family Threskiornithidae
(1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
Eudocimus albusWhite Ibis.
Eudocimus ruberScarlet Ibis.
Plegadis falcinellusGlossy Ibis.
Plegadis chihiWhite-faced Ibis.
(2) Subfamily Plataleinae
Platalea ajajaRoseate Spoonbill.
(xvi) Order Carthartiformes
Family Cathartidae
Gymnogyps californianusCalifornia Condor.
Coragyps atratusBlack Vulture.
Cathartes auraTurkey Vulture.
(xvii) Order Accipitriformes
(A) Family Pandionidae
Pandion haliaetusOsprey.
(B) Family Accipitridae
(1) Subfamily Elaninae
Elanus leucurusWhite-tailed Kite.
(2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
Chondrohierax uncinatusHook-billed Kite.
Elanoides forficatusSwallow-tailed Kite.
(3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
Aquila chrysaetosGolden Eagle.
Harpagus bidentatusDouble-toothed Kite.
Circus hudsoniusNorthern Harrier.
Circus spilonotusEastern Marsh-Harrier.
Accipiter soloensisChinese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter gularisJapanese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter striatusSharp-shinned Hawk.
Accipiter cooperiiCooper’s Hawk.
Accipiter gentilisNorthern Goshawk.
Milvus migransBlack Kite.
Haliaeetus leucocephalusBald Eagle.
Haliaeetus albicillaWhite-tailed Eagle.
Haliaeetus pelagicusSteller’s Sea-Eagle.
Ictinia mississippiensisMississippi Kite.
Butastur indicusGray-faced Buzzard.
Geranospiza caerulescensCrane Hawk.
Rostrhamus sociabilisSnail Kite.
Buteogallus anthracinusCommon Black Hawk.
Buteogallus urubitingaGreat Black Hawk.
Rupornis magnirostrisRoadside Hawk.
Parabuteo unicinctusHarris’s Hawk.
Geranoaetus albicaudatusWhite-tailed Hawk.
Buteo plagiatusGray Hawk.
Buteo lineatusRed-shouldered Hawk.
Buteo platypterusBroad-winged Hawk.
Buteo solitariusHawaiian Hawk.
Buteo brachyurusShort-tailed Hawk.
Buteo swainsoniSwainson’s Hawk.
Buteo albonotatusZone-tailed Hawk.
Buteo jamaicensisRed-tailed Hawk.
Buteo lagopusRough-legged Hawk.
Buteo regalisFerruginous Hawk.
Buteo rufinusLong-legged Buzzard.
(xviii) Order Strigiformes
(A) Family Tytonidae
Tyto albaBarn Owl.
(B) Family Strigidae
Otus suniaOriental Scops-Owl.
Psiloscops flammeolusFlammulated Owl.
Gymnasio nudipesPuerto Rican Owl.
Megascops trichopsisWhiskered Screech-Owl.
Megascops kennicottiiWestern Screech-Owl.
Megascops asioEastern Screech-Owl.
Bubo virginianusGreat Horned Owl.
Bubo scandiacusSnowy Owl.
Surnia ululaNorthern Hawk Owl.
Glaucidium gnomaNorthern Pygmy-Owl.
Glaucidium brasilianumFerruginous Pygmy-Owl.
Micrathene whitneyiElf Owl.
Athene cuniculariaBurrowing Owl.
Strix occidentalisSpotted Owl.
Strix variaBarred Owl.
Strix virgataMottled Owl.
Strix nebulosaGreat Gray Owl.
Asio otusLong-eared Owl.
Asio stygiusStygian Owl.
Asio flammeusShort-eared Owl.
Aegolius funereusBoreal Owl.
Aegolius acadicusNorthern Saw-whet Owl.
Ninox japonicaNorthern Boobook.
(xix) Order Trogoniformes
Family Trogonidae
Subfamily Trogoninae
Trogon elegansElegant Trogon.
Euptilotis neoxenusEared Quetzal.
(xx) Order Upupiformes
Family Upupidae
Upupa epopsEurasian Hoopoe.
(xxi) Order Coraciiformes
Family Alcedinidae
(1) Subfamily Alcedininae
Alcedo atthisCommon Kingfisher.
(2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
Todiramphus sacerPacific Kingfisher.
Todiramphus cinnamominusGuam Kingfisher.
Todiramphus albicillaMariana Kingfisher.
(3) Subfamily Cerylinae
Megaceryle torquataRinged Kingfisher.
Megaceryle alcyonBelted Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle amazonaAmazon Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle americanaGreen Kingfisher.
(xxii) Order Piciformes
Family Picidae
(1) Subfamily Jynginae
Jynx torquillaEurasian Wryneck.
(2) Subfamily Picinae
Melanerpes lewisLewis’s Woodpecker.
Melanerpes portoricensisPuerto Rican Woodpecker.
Melanerpes erythrocephalusRed-headed Woodpecker.
Melanerpes formicivorusAcorn Woodpecker.
Melanerpes uropygialisGila Woodpecker.
Melanerpes aurifronsGolden-fronted Woodpecker.
Melanerpes carolinusRed-bellied Woodpecker.
Sphyrapicus thyroideusWilliamson’s Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus variusYellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus nuchalisRed-naped Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus ruberRed-breasted Sapsucker.
Picoides dorsalisAmerican Three-toed Woodpecker.
Picoides arcticusBlack-backed Woodpecker.
Dendrocopos majorGreat Spotted Woodpecker.
Dryobates pubescensDowny Woodpecker.
Dryobates nuttalliiNuttall’s Woodpecker.
Dryobates scalarisLadder-backed Woodpecker.
Dryobates borealisRed-cockaded Woodpecker.
Dryobates villosusHairy Woodpecker.
Dryobates albolarvatusWhite-headed Woodpecker.
Dryobates arizonaeArizona Woodpecker.
Colaptes auratusNorthern Flicker.
Colaptes chrysoidesGilded Flicker.
Dryocopus pileatusPileated Woodpecker.
Campephilus principalisIvory-billed Woodpecker.
(xxiii) Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
(1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
Micrastur semitorquatusCollared Forest-Falcon.
(2) Subfamily Falconinae
Caracara plancusCrested Caracara.
Falco tinnunculusEurasian Kestrel.
Falco sparveriusAmerican Kestrel.
Falco vespertinusRed-footed Falcon.
Falco amurensisAmur Falcon.
Falco columbariusMerlin.
Falco subbuteoEurasian Hobby.
Falco femoralisAplomado Falcon.
Falco rusticolusGyrfalcon.
Falco peregrinusPeregrine Falcon.
Falco mexicanusPrairie Falcon.
(xxiv) Order Passeriformes
(A) Family Tityridae
Tityra semifasciataMasked Tityra.
Pachyramphus majorGray-collared Becard.
Pachyramphus aglaiaeRose-throated Becard.
(B) Family Tyrannidae
(1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
Camptostoma imberbeNorthern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
Myiopagis viridicataGreenish Elaenia.
Elaenia martinicaCaribbean Elaenia.
Elaenia albicepsWhite-crested Elaenia.
Elaenia parvirostrisSmall-billed Elaenia.
(2) Subfamily Tyranninae
Myiarchus tuberculiferDusky-capped Flycatcher.
Myiarchus cinerascensAsh-throated Flycatcher.
Myiarchus nuttingiNutting’s Flycatcher.
Myiarchus crinitusGreat Crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus tyrannulusBrown-crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus sagraeLa Sagra’s Flycatcher.
Myiarchus antillarumPuerto Rican Flycatcher.
Pitangus sulphuratusGreat Kiskadee.
Myiozetetes similisSocial Flycatcher.
Myiodynastes luteiventrisSulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
Legatus leucophaiusPiratic Flycatcher.
Empidonomus variusVariegated Flycatcher.
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatusCrowned Slaty Flycatcher.
Tyrannus melancholicusTropical Kingbird.
Tyrannus couchiiCouch’s Kingbird.
Tyrannus vociferansCassin’s Kingbird.
Tyrannus crassirostrisThick-billed Kingbird.
Tyrannus verticalisWestern Kingbird.
Tyrannus tyrannusEastern Kingbird.
Tyrannus dominicensisGray Kingbird.
Tyrannus caudifasciatusLoggerhead Kingbird.
Tyrannus forficatusScissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Tyrannus savanaFork-tailed Flycatcher.
(3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
Mitrephanes phaeocercusTufted Flycatcher.
Contopus cooperiOlive-sided Flycatcher.
Contopus pertinaxGreater Pewee.
Contopus sordidulusWestern Wood-Pewee.
Contopus virensEastern Wood-Pewee.
Contopus caribaeusCuban Pewee.
Contopus hispaniolensisHispaniolan Pewee.
Contopus latirostrisLesser Antillean Pewee.
Empidonax flaviventrisYellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Empidonax virescensAcadian Flycatcher.
Empidonax alnorumAlder Flycatcher.
Empidonax trailliiWillow Flycatcher.
Empidonax minimusLeast Flycatcher.
Empidonax hammondiiHammond’s Flycatcher.
Empidonax wrightiiGray Flycatcher.
Empidonax oberholseriDusky Flycatcher.
Empidonax affinisPine Flycatcher.
Empidonax difficilisPacific-slope Flycatcher.
Empidonax occidentalisCordilleran Flycatcher.
Empidonax fulvifronsBuff-breasted Flycatcher.
Sayornis nigricansBlack Phoebe.
Sayornis phoebeEastern Phoebe.
Sayornis sayaSay’s Phoebe.
Pyrocephalus rubinusVermilion Flycatcher.
(C) Family Vireonidae
Vireo atricapillaBlack-capped Vireo.
Vireo griseusWhite-eyed Vireo.
Vireo crassirostrisThick-billed Vireo.
Vireo gundlachiiCuban Vireo.
Vireo latimeriPuerto Rican Vireo.
Vireo belliiBell’s Vireo.
Vireo viciniorGray Vireo.
Vireo huttoniHutton’s Vireo.
Vireo flavifronsYellow-throated Vireo.
Vireo cassiniiCassin’s Vireo.
Vireo solitariusBlue-headed Vireo.
Vireo plumbeusPlumbeous Vireo.
Vireo philadelphicusPhiladelphia Vireo.
Vireo gilvusWarbling Vireo.
Vireo olivaceusRed-eyed Vireo.
Vireo flavoviridisYellow-green Vireo.
Vireo altiloquusBlack-whiskered Vireo.
Vireo magisterYucatan Vireo.
(D) Family Laniidae
Lanius cristatusBrown Shrike.
Lanius ludovicianusLoggerhead Shrike.
Lanius borealisNorthern Shrike.
(E) Family Corvidae
Perisoreus canadensisCanada Jay.
Psilorhinus morioBrown Jay.
Cyanocorax yncasGreen Jay.
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalusPinyon Jay.
Cyanocitta stelleriSteller’s Jay.
Cyanocitta cristataBlue Jay.
Aphelocoma coerulescensFlorida Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma insularisIsland Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma californicaCalifornia Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma woodhouseiiWoodhouse’s Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma wollweberiMexican Jay.
Nucifraga columbianaClark’s Nutcracker.
Pica hudsoniaBlack-billed Magpie.
Pica nuttalliYellow-billed Magpie.
Corvus monedulaEurasian Jackdaw.
Corvus kubaryiMariana Crow.
Corvus brachyrhynchosAmerican Crow.
Corvus leucognaphalusWhite-necked Crow.
Corvus imparatusTamaulipas Crow.
Corvus ossifragusFish Crow.
Corvus hawaiiensisHawaiian Crow.
Corvus cryptoleucusChihuahuan Raven.
Corvus coraxCommon Raven.
(F) Family Remizidae
Auriparus flavicepsVerdin.
(G) Family Paridae
Poecile carolinensisCarolina Chickadee.
Poecile atricapillusBlack-capped Chickadee.
Poecile gambeliMountain Chickadee.
Poecile sclateriMexican Chickadee.
Poecile rufescensChestnut-backed Chickadee.
Poecile hudsonicusBoreal Chickadee.
Poecile cinctusGray-headed Chickadee.
Baeolophus wollweberiBridled Titmouse.
Baeolophus inornatusOak Titmouse.
Baeolophus ridgwayiJuniper Titmouse.
Baeolophus bicolorTufted Titmouse.
Baeolophus atricristatusBlack-crested Titmouse.
(H) Family Alaudidae
Alauda arvensisEurasian Skylark.
Eremophila alpestrisHorned Lark.
(I) Family Acrocephalidae
Arundinax aedonThick-billed Warbler.
Acrocephalus lusciniusNightingale Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus hiwaeSaipan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus nijoiAguiguan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus yamashinaePagan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus familiarisMillerbird.
Acrocephalus schoenobaenusSedge Warbler.
Acrocephalus dumetorumBlyth’s Reed Warbler.
(J) Family Locustellidae
Helopsaltes certhiolaPallas’s Grasshopper Warbler.
Helopsaltes ochotensisMiddendorff’s Grasshopper Warbler.
Locustella lanceolataLanceolated Warbler.
Locustella fluviatilisRiver Warbler.
(K) Family Hirundinidae
Subfamily Hirundininae
Riparia ripariaBank Swallow.
Tachycineta bicolorTree Swallow.
Tachycineta cyaneoviridisBahama Swallow.
Tachycineta thalassinaViolet-green Swallow.
Tachycineta albilineaMangrove Swallow.
Pygochelidon cyanoleucaBlue-and-white Swallow.
Stelgidopteryx serripennisNorthern Rough-winged Swallow.
Progne taperaBrown-chested Martin.
Progne subisPurple Martin.
Progne elegansSouthern Martin.
Progne chalybeaGray-breasted Martin.
Progne cryptoleucaCuban Martin.
Progne dominicensisCaribbean Martin.
Hirundo rusticaBarn Swallow.
Delichon urbicumCommon House-Martin.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonotaCliff Swallow.
Petrochelidon fulvaCave Swallow.
(L) Family Aegithalidae
Psaltriparus minimusBushtit.
(M) Family Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopus trochilusWillow Warbler.
Phylloscopus collybitaCommon Chiffchaff.
Phylloscopus sibilatrixWood Warbler.
Phylloscopus fuscatusDusky Warbler.
Phylloscopus proregulusPallas’s Leaf Warbler.
Phylloscopus inornatusYellow-browed Warbler.
Phylloscopus borealisArctic Warbler.
Phylloscopus examinandusKamchatka Leaf Warbler.
(N) Family Sylviidae
Sylvia currucaLesser Whitethroat.
Chamaea fasciataWrentit.
(O) Family Regulidae
Corthylio calendulaRuby-crowned Kinglet.
Regulus satrapaGolden-crowned Kinglet.
(P) Family Bombycillidae
Bombycilla garrulusBohemian Waxwing.
Bombycilla cedrorumCedar Waxwing.
(Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
Ptiliogonys cinereusGray Silky-flycatcher.
Phainopepla nitensPhainopepla.
(R) Family Sittidae
Subfamily Sittinae
Sitta canadensisRed-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta carolinensisWhite-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta pygmaeaPygmy Nuthatch.
Sitta pusillaBrown-headed Nuthatch.
(S) Family Certhiidae
Subfamily Certhiinae
Certhia americanaBrown Creeper.
(T) Family Polioptilidae
Polioptila caeruleaBlue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila melanuraBlack-tailed Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila californicaCalifornia Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila nigricepsBlack-capped Gnatcatcher.
(U) Family Troglodytidae
Salpinctes obsoletusRock Wren.
Catherpes mexicanusCanyon Wren.
Thryophilus sinaloaSinaloa Wren.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillusCactus Wren.
Thryomanes bewickiiBewick’s Wren.
Thryothorus ludovicianusCarolina Wren.
Troglodytes aedonHouse Wren.
Troglodytes pacificusPacific Wren.
Troglodytes hiemalisWinter Wren.
Cistothorus stellarisSedge Wren.
Cistothorus palustrisMarsh Wren.
(V) Family Mimidae
Melanotis caerulescensBlue Mockingbird.
Melanoptila glabrirostrisBlack Catbird.
Dumetella carolinensisGray Catbird.
Margarops fuscatusPearly-eyed Thrasher.
Toxostoma curvirostreCurve-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma rufumBrown Thrasher.
Toxostoma longirostreLong-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma bendireiBendire’s Thrasher.
Toxostoma redivivumCalifornia Thrasher.
Toxostoma leconteiLeConte’s Thrasher.
Toxostoma crissaleCrissal Thrasher.
Oreoscoptes montanusSage Thrasher.
Mimus gundlachiiBahama Mockingbird.
Mimus polyglottosNorthern Mockingbird.
(W) Family Sturnidae
Agropsar philippensisChestnut-cheeked Starling.
Spodiopsar cineraceusWhite-cheeked Starling.
(X) Family Cinclidae
Cinclus mexicanusAmerican Dipper.
(Y) Family Turdidae
Sialia sialisEastern Bluebird.
Sialia mexicanaWestern Bluebird.
Sialia currucoidesMountain Bluebird.
Myadestes townsendiTownsend’s Solitaire.
Myadestes occidentalisBrown-backed Solitaire.
Myadestes myadestinusK?ma’o.
Myadestes lanaiensisOloma’o.
Myadestes obscurus‘?ma’o.
Myadestes palmeriPuaiohi.
Catharus aurantiirostrisOrange-billed Nightingale-Thrush.
Catharus mexicanusBlack-headed Nightingale-Thrush.
Catharus fuscescensVeery.
Catharus minimusGray-cheeked Thrush.
Catharus bicknelliBicknell’s Thrush.
Catharus ustulatusSwainson’s Thrush.
Catharus guttatusHermit Thrush.
Hylocichla mustelinaWood Thrush.
Turdus obscurusEyebrowed Thrush.
Turdus eunomusDusky Thrush.
Turdus naumanniNaumann’s Thrush.
Turdus pilarisFieldfare.
Turdus iliacusRedwing.
Turdus grayiClay-colored Thrush.
Turdus assimilisWhite-throated Thrush.
Turdus rufopalliatusRufous-backed Robin.
Turdus migratoriusAmerican Robin.
Turdus plumbeusRed-legged Thrush.
Ixoreus naeviusVaried Thrush.
Ridgwayia pinicolaAztec Thrush.
(Z) Family Muscicapidae
Muscicapa griseistictaGray-streaked Flycatcher.
Muscicapa dauuricaAsian Brown Flycatcher.
Muscicapa striataSpotted Flycatcher.
Muscicapa sibiricaDark-sided Flycatcher.
Erithacus rubeculaEuropean Robin.
Larvivora cyaneSiberian Blue Robin.
Larvivora sibilansRufous-tailed Robin.
Cyanecula svecicaBluethroat.
Calliope calliopeSiberian Rubythroat.
Tarsiger cyanurusRed-flanked Bluetail.
Ficedula narcissinaNarcissus Flycatcher.
Ficedula mugimakiMugimaki Flycatcher.
Ficedula albicillaTaiga Flycatcher.
Phoenicurus phoenicurusCommon Redstart.
Saxicola maurusAsian Stonechat.
Oenanthe oenantheNorthern Wheatear.
Oenanthe pleschankaPied Wheatear.
Monticola solitariusBlue Rock-Thrush.
(AA) Family Peucedramidae
Peucedramus taeniatusOlive Warbler.
(BB) Family Prunellidae
Prunella montanellaSiberian Accentor.
(CC) Family Motacillidae
Motacilla tschutschensisEastern Yellow Wagtail.
Motacilla citreolaCitrine Wagtail.
Motacilla cinereaGray Wagtail.
Motacilla albaWhite Wagtail.
Anthus trivialisTree Pipit.
Anthus hodgsoniOlive-backed Pipit.
Anthus gustaviPechora Pipit.
Anthus cervinusRed-throated Pipit.
Anthus rubescensAmerican Pipit.
Anthus spragueiiSprague’s Pipit.
(DD) Family Fringillidae
(1) Subfamily Fringillinae
Fringilla coelebsCommon Chaffinch.
Fringilla montifringillaBrambling.
(2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
Chlorophonia musicaAntillean Euphonia.
(3) Subfamily Carduelinae
Coccothraustes vespertinusEvening Grosbeak.
Coccothraustes coccothraustesHawfinch.
Carpodacus erythrinusCommon Rosefinch.
Carpodacus roseusPallas’s Rosefinch.
Melamprosops phaeosomaPo’ouli.
Oreomystis bairdi‘Akikiki.
Paroreomyza maculataO’ahu ‘Alauahio.
Paroreomyza flammeaK?k?wahie.
Paroreomyza montanaMaui ‘Alauahio.
Loxioides bailleuiPalila.
Telespiza cantansLaysan Finch.
Telespiza ultimaNihoa Finch.
Palmeria dolei‘Akohekohe.
Himatione fraithiiLaysan Honeycreeper.
Himatione sanguinea‘Apapane.
Drepanis coccinea‘I’iwi.
Psittirostra psittacea‘?’?.
Pseudonestor xanthophrysMaui Parrotbill.
Hemignathus hanapepeKauai Nukupu’u.
Hemignathus lucidusO’ahu Nukupu’u.
Hemignathus affinisMaui Nukupu’u.
Hemignathus wilsoni‘Akiapola’au.
Akialoa stejnegeriKauai ‘Akialoa.
Akialoa ellisianaO’ahu ‘Akialoa.
Akialoa lanaiensisMaui Nui ‘Akialoa.
Magumma parva‘Anianiau.
Chlorodrepanis virensHawaii ‘Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis flavaO’ahu ‘Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeriKaua’i ‘Amakihi.
Loxops manaHawaii Creeper.
Loxops caeruleirostris‘Akeke’e.
Loxops wolstenholmeiO’ahu ‘Akepa.
Loxops ochraceusMaui ‘Akepa.
Loxops coccineusHawaii ‘Akepa.
Pinicola enucleatorPine Grosbeak.
Pyrrhula pyrrhulaEurasian Bullfinch.
Leucosticte arctoaAsian Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte tephrocotisGray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte atrataBlack Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte australisBrown-capped Rosy-Finch.
Haemorhous mexicanusHouse Finch.
Haemorhous purpureusPurple Finch.
Haemorhous cassiniiCassin’s Finch.
Chloris sinicaOriental Greenfinch.
Acanthis flammeaCommon Redpoll.
Acanthis hornemanniHoary Redpoll.
Loxia curvirostraRed Crossbill.
Loxia sinesciurisCassia Crossbill.
Loxia leucopteraWhite-winged Crossbill.
Spinus spinusEurasian Siskin.
Spinus pinusPine Siskin.
Spinus psaltriaLesser Goldfinch.
Spinus lawrenceiLawrence’s Goldfinch.
Spinus tristisAmerican Goldfinch.
(EE) Family Calcariidae
Calcarius lapponicusLapland Longspur.
Calcarius ornatusChestnut-collared Longspur.
Calcarius pictusSmith’s Longspur.
Rhynchophanes mccowniiThick-billed Longspur.
Plectrophenax nivalisSnow Bunting.
Plectrophenax hyperboreusMcKay’s Bunting.
(FF) Family Emberizidae
Emberiza leucocephalosPine Bunting.
Emberiza chrysophrysYellow-browed Bunting.
Emberiza pusillaLittle Bunting.
Emberiza rusticaRustic Bunting.
Emberiza elegansYellow-throated Bunting.
Emberiza aureolaYellow-breasted Bunting.
Emberiza variabilisGray Bunting.
Emberiza pallasiPallas’s Bunting.
Emberiza schoeniclusReed Bunting.
(GG) Family Passerellidae
Peucaea carpalisRufous-winged Sparrow.
Peucaea botteriiBotteri’s Sparrow.
Peucaea cassiniiCassin’s Sparrow.
Peucaea aestivalisBachman’s Sparrow.
Ammodramus savannarumGrasshopper Sparrow.
Arremonops rufivirgatusOlive Sparrow.
Amphispizopsis quinquestriataFive-striped Sparrow.
Amphispiza bilineataBlack-throated Sparrow.
Chondestes grammacusLark Sparrow.
Calamospiza melanocorysLark Bunting.
Spizella passerinaChipping Sparrow.
Spizella pallidaClay-colored Sparrow.
Spizella atrogularisBlack-chinned Sparrow.
Spizella pusillaField Sparrow.
Spizella breweriBrewer’s Sparrow.
Spizella wortheniWorthen’s Sparrow.
Passerella iliacaFox Sparrow.
Spizelloides arboreaAmerican Tree Sparrow.
Junco hyemalisDark-eyed Junco.
Junco phaeonotusYellow-eyed Junco.
Zonotrichia leucophrysWhite-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia atricapillaGolden-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia querulaHarris’s Sparrow.
Zonotrichia albicollisWhite-throated Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza nevadensisSagebrush Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza belliBell’s Sparrow.
Pooecetes gramineusVesper Sparrow.
Ammospiza leconteiiLeConte’s Sparrow.
Ammospiza maritimaSeaside Sparrow.
Ammospiza nelsoniNelson’s Sparrow.
Ammospiza caudacutaSaltmarsh Sparrow.
Centronyx bairdiiBaird’s Sparrow.
Centronyx henslowiiHenslow’s Sparrow.
Passerculus sandwichensisSavannah Sparrow.
Melospiza melodiaSong Sparrow.
Melospiza lincolniiLincoln’s Sparrow.
Melospiza georgianaSwamp Sparrow.
Melozone fuscaCanyon Towhee.
Melozone abertiAbert’s Towhee.
Melozone crissalisCalifornia Towhee.
Aimophila ruficepsRufous-crowned Sparrow.
Pipilo chlorurusGreen-tailed Towhee.
Pipilo maculatusSpotted Towhee.
Pipilo erythrophthalmusEastern Towhee.
(HH) Family Nesospingidae
Nesospingus speculiferusPuerto Rican Tanager.
(II) Family Spindalidae
Spindalis zenaWestern Spindalis.
Spindalis portoricensisPuerto Rican Spindalis.
(JJ) Family Icteridae
Icteria virensYellow-breasted Chat.
(1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalusYellow-headed Blackbird.
(2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
Dolichonyx oryzivorusBobolink.
(3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
Sturnella lilianaeChihuahuan Meadowlark.
Sturnella magnaEastern Meadowlark.
Sturnella neglectaWestern Meadowlark.
(4) Subfamily Icterinae
Icterus portoricensisPuerto Rican Oriole.
Icterus wagleriBlack-vented Oriole.
Icterus spuriusOrchard Oriole.
Icterus cucullatusHooded Oriole.
Icterus pustulatusStreak-backed Oriole.
Icterus bullockiiBullock’s Oriole.
Icterus gularisAltamira Oriole.
Icterus graduacaudaAudubon’s Oriole.
Icterus galbulaBaltimore Oriole.
Icterus abeilleiBlack-backed Oriole.
Icterus parisorumScott’s Oriole.
(5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
Agelaius phoeniceusRed-winged Blackbird.
Agelaius tricolorTricolored Blackbird.
Agelaius humeralisTawny-shouldered Blackbird.
Agelaius xanthomusYellow-shouldered Blackbird.
Molothrus bonariensisShiny Cowbird.
Molothrus aeneusBronzed Cowbird.
Molothrus aterBrown-headed Cowbird.
Euphagus carolinusRusty Blackbird.
Euphagus cyanocephalusBrewer’s Blackbird.
Quiscalus quisculaCommon Grackle.
Quiscalus majorBoat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus mexicanusGreat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus nigerGreater Antillean Grackle.
(KK) Family Parulidae
Seiurus aurocapillaOvenbird.
Helmitheros vermivorumWorm-eating Warbler.
Parkesia motacillaLouisiana Waterthrush.
Parkesia noveboracensisNorthern Waterthrush.
Vermivora bachmaniiBachman’s Warbler.
Vermivora chrysopteraGolden-winged Warbler.
Vermivora cyanopteraBlue-winged Warbler.
Mniotilta variaBlack-and-white Warbler.
Protonotaria citreaProthonotary Warbler.
Limnothlypis swainsoniiSwainson’s Warbler.
Oreothlypis superciliosaCrescent-chested Warbler.
Leiothlypis peregrinaTennessee Warbler.
Leiothlypis celataOrange-crowned Warbler.
Leiothlypis crissalisColima Warbler.
Leiothlypis luciaeLucy’s Warbler.
Leiothlypis ruficapillaNashville Warbler.
Leiothlypis virginiaeVirginia’s Warbler.
Oporornis agilisConnecticut Warbler.
Geothlypis poliocephalaGray-crowned Yellowthroat.
Geothlypis tolmieiMacGillivray’s Warbler.
Geothlypis philadelphiaMourning Warbler.
Geothlypis formosaKentucky Warbler.
Geothlypis trichasCommon Yellowthroat.
Setophaga angelaeElfin-woods Warbler.
Setophaga citrinaHooded Warbler.
Setophaga ruticillaAmerican Redstart.
Setophaga kirtlandiiKirtland’s Warbler.
Setophaga tigrinaCape May Warbler.
Setophaga ceruleaCerulean Warbler.
Setophaga americanaNorthern Parula.
Setophaga pitiayumiTropical Parula.
Setophaga magnoliaMagnolia Warbler.
Setophaga castaneaBay-breasted Warbler.
Setophaga fuscaBlackburnian Warbler.
Setophaga petechiaYellow Warbler.
Setophaga pensylvanicaChestnut-sided Warbler.
Setophaga striataBlackpoll Warbler.
Setophaga caerulescensBlack-throated Blue Warbler.
Setophaga palmarumPalm Warbler.
Setophaga pinusPine Warbler.
Setophaga coronataYellow-rumped Warbler.
Setophaga dominicaYellow-throated Warbler.
Setophaga discolorPrairie Warbler.
Setophaga adelaidaeAdelaide’s Warbler.
Setophaga graciaeGrace’s Warbler.
Setophaga nigrescensBlack-throated Gray Warbler.
Setophaga townsendiTownsend’s Warbler.
Setophaga occidentalisHermit Warbler.
Setophaga chrysopariaGolden-cheeked Warbler.
Setophaga virensBlack-throated Green Warbler.
Basileuterus lachrymosusFan-tailed Warbler.
Basileuterus rufifronsRufous-capped Warbler.
Basileuterus culicivorusGolden-crowned Warbler.
Cardellina canadensisCanada Warbler.
Cardellina pusillaWilson’s Warbler.
Cardellina rubrifronsRed-faced Warbler.
Myioborus pictusPainted Redstart.
Myioborus miniatusSlate-throated Redstart.
(LL) Family Cardinalidae
Piranga flavaHepatic Tanager.
Piranga rubraSummer Tanager.
Piranga olivaceaScarlet Tanager.
Piranga ludovicianaWestern Tanager.
Piranga bidentataFlame-colored Tanager.
Rhodothraupis celaenoCrimson-collared Grosbeak.
Cardinalis cardinalisNorthern Cardinal.
Cardinalis sinuatusPyrrhuloxia.
Pheucticus chrysopeplusYellow Grosbeak.
Pheucticus ludovicianusRose-breasted Grosbeak.
Pheucticus melanocephalusBlack-headed Grosbeak.
Cyanocompsa parellinaBlue Bunting.
Passerina caeruleaBlue Grosbeak.
Passerina amoenaLazuli Bunting.
Passerina cyaneaIndigo Bunting.
Passerina versicolorVaried Bunting.
Passerina cirisPainted Bunting.
Spiza americanaDickcissel.
(MM) Family Thraupidae
(1) Subfamily Dacninae
Cyanerpes cyaneusRed-legged Honeycreeper.
(2) Subfamily Coerebinae
Coereba flaveolaBananaquit.
Tiaris olivaceusYellow-faced Grassquit.
Melopyrrha portoricensisPuerto Rican Bullfinch.
Melanospiza bicolorBlack-faced Grassquit.
(3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
Sporophila morelletiMorelet’s Seedeater.
[78 FR 65850, Nov. 1, 2013, as amended at 85 FR 21290, Apr. 16, 2020; 88 FR 49317, July 31, 2023]