29 USC 106 – Responsibility of officers and members of associations or their organizations for unlawful acts of individual officers, members, and agents
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No officer or member of any association or organization, and no association or organization participating or interested in a labor dispute, shall be held responsible or liable in any court of the United States for the unlawful acts of individual officers, members, or agents, except upon clear proof of actual participation in, or actual authorization of, such acts, or of ratification of such acts after actual knowledge thereof.
Terms Used In 29 USC 106
- association: when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to embrace the words "successors and assigns of such company or association" in like manner as if these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed. See 1 USC 5
- court of the United States: means any court of the United States whose jurisdiction has been or may be conferred or defined or limited by Act of Congress, including the courts of the District of Columbia. See 29 USC 113
- individual: shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development. See 1 USC 8
- labor dispute: includes any controversy concerning terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether or not the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. See 29 USC 113
- officer: includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office. See 1 USC 1