Terms Used In Arizona Laws > Title 8 > Chapter 13 > Article 1 - General Provisions

• Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Auxiliary personnel: means all dental assistants, dental technicians, dental x-ray technicians and other persons employed by dentists or firms and businesses providing dental services to dentists. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Board: means the Arizona early childhood development and health board established by this chapter. See Arizona Laws 8-1152
• Board: means the state board of dental examiners. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Business entity: means a business organization that has an ownership that includes any persons who are not licensed or certified to provide dental services in this state, that offers to the public professional services regulated by the board and that is established pursuant to the laws of any state or foreign country. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Construction contract: means a written or oral agreement relating to the construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, moving or demolition of any building, structure or improvement or relating to the excavation of or other development or improvement to land. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contractor: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, association or other organization, or a combination of any of them, that has a direct contract with an owner to perform work under a construction contract. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dental hygienist: means any person who is licensed and engaged in the general practice of dental hygiene and all related and associated duties, including educational, clinical and therapeutic dental hygiene procedures. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Dental therapist: means any person who is licensed and engaged in the general practice of dental therapy and all related and associated duties, including educational, clinical and therapeutic dental therapy procedures. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Denturist: means a person practicing denture technology pursuant to article 5 of this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Disciplinary action: means regulatory sanctions that are imposed by the board in combination with, or as an alternative to, revocation or suspension of a license and that may include:

  (a) Imposition of an administrative penalty in an amount not to exceed two thousand dollars for each violation of this chapter or rules adopted under this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-1201

• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Early childhood development and health programs: means programs and services provided to children prior to kindergarten and their families for the purpose of assisting child development by providing education and other support, including parent and family support programs, child care, preschool, health screenings and access to preventive health services. See Arizona Laws 8-1152
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Final completion: means the earliest of the following:

  (a) When the work, or the work under a portion of a construction contract for which the contract states a separate price, has been completed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the construction contract. See Arizona Laws 32-1181

• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Irregularities in billing: means submitting any claim, bill or government assistance claim to any patient, responsible party or third-party payor for dental services rendered that is materially false with the intent to receive unearned income as evidenced by any of the following:

  (a) Charges for services not rendered. See Arizona Laws 32-1201

• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Letter of concern: means an advisory letter to notify a licensee or a registered business entity that, while the evidence does not warrant disciplinary action, the board believes that the licensee or registered business entity should modify or eliminate certain practices and that continuation of the activities that led to the information being submitted to the board may result in board action against the practitioner's license or the business entity's registration. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• License: means an authorization for the person who is listed on the electronic, paper or other records maintained by the registrar to act in the capacity of a contractor. See Arizona Laws 32-1101
• Licensed: means licensed pursuant to this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Month: means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Owner: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, association or other organization, or a combination of any of them, that causes a building, structure or improvement to be constructed, altered, repaired, maintained, moved or demolished or that causes land to be excavated or otherwise developed or improved, whether the interest or estate of the person is in fee, as vendee under a contract to purchase, as lessee or another interest or estate less than fee. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means a corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, trust, society or natural person. See Arizona Laws 32-1101
• Person: includes a corporation, company, partnership, firm, association or society, as well as a natural person. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Place of practice: means each physical location at which a person who is licensed pursuant to this chapter performs services subject to this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Process: means a citation, writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Registrar: means the registrar of contractors. See Arizona Laws 32-1101
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Retention: means a portion of a progress payment otherwise due from the owner to the contractor that is withheld pursuant to the terms and conditions of a construction contract to ensure proper performance of the construction contract. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subcontractor: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, association or other organization, or a combination of any of them, that has a direct contract with a contractor or another subcontractor to perform a portion of the work under a construction contract. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Supervised personnel: means all dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental laboratory technicians, dental therapists, denturists, dental x-ray laboratory technicians and other persons supervised by licensed dentists. See Arizona Laws 32-1201
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• United States: includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Wilfully: means , with respect to conduct or to a circumstance described by a statute defining an offense, that a person is aware or believes that the person's conduct is of that nature or that the circumstance exists. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Work: means the labor, materials, equipment and services to be provided by a contractor or subcontractor under a construction contract. See Arizona Laws 32-1181
• Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215