(a)(1)(A) Any person, other than a trust or estate, subject to the tax under this chapter for any taxable year who files under the federal income tax for such taxable year as a married individual filing separately or, for taxable years commencing prior to January 1, 2000, who files income tax for such taxable year as an unmarried individual shall be entitled to a personal exemption of twelve thousand dollars in determining Connecticut taxable income for purposes of this chapter.

(B) In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-four thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption.

(2) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2000, any person, other than a trust or estate, subject to the tax under this chapter for any taxable year who files under the federal income tax for such taxable year as an unmarried individual shall be entitled to a personal exemption in determining Connecticut taxable income for purposes of this chapter as follows:

(A) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2000, but prior to January 1, 2001, twelve thousand two hundred fifty dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-four thousand five hundred dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(B) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2001, but prior to January 1, 2004, twelve thousand five hundred dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-five thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(C) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2004, but prior to January 1, 2007, twelve thousand six hundred twenty-five dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-five thousand two hundred fifty dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(D) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2007, but prior to January 1, 2008, twelve thousand seven hundred fifty dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-five thousand five hundred dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(E) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2008, but prior to January 1, 2012, thirteen thousand dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-six thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(F) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2012, but prior to January 1, 2013, thirteen thousand five hundred dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-seven thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(G) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2013, but prior to January 1, 2014, fourteen thousand dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-eight thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(H) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2014, but prior to January 1, 2016, fourteen thousand five hundred dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds twenty-nine thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption;

(I) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2016, fifteen thousand dollars. In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds thirty thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption.

(b) (1) Any person subject to tax under this chapter who files a return under the federal income tax for such taxable year as a head of household, as defined in Section 2(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall be entitled to a personal exemption of nineteen thousand dollars in determining Connecticut taxable income for purposes of this chapter.

(2) In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds thirty-eight thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds the said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption.

(c) (1) Any husband and wife subject to tax under this chapter for any taxable year who file a return under the federal income tax for such taxable year as married individuals filing a joint return or any person who files a return for such taxable year as a surviving spouse, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall be entitled to a single personal exemption of twenty-four thousand dollars in determining Connecticut taxable income for purposes of this chapter. Any husband and wife who elect to file a joint return under the federal income tax for any taxable year shall be required to file jointly with respect to such taxable year for purposes of this chapter, in which event their tax liability under this chapter shall be joint and several, except as otherwise provided in § 12-702a, and any husband and wife who elect to file separately under the federal income tax for any taxable year shall be required to file separately with respect to such taxable year for purposes of this chapter, provided (A) if either the husband or wife is a resident and the other is a nonresident, separate taxes shall be determined on their separate Connecticut taxable incomes on separate forms as married individuals filing separately unless such husband and wife determine their federal taxable income jointly and both elect to determine their joint Connecticut taxable income as if both were residents, or (B) if any husband and wife, both of whom are nonresidents, elect to file a joint return under the federal income tax for any taxable year and only one of them has income derived from or connected with sources within this state during such taxable year, only the spouse with income derived from or connected with sources within this state shall be required to file a return in this state and, if only the spouse with income derived from or connected with this state files such a return in this state, a separate tax shall be determined on such spouse’s separate Connecticut taxable income as a married individual filing separately unless such husband and wife both elect to determine their joint Connecticut taxable income as if both had income derived from or connected with sources within this state.

(2) In the case of any such taxpayer whose Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds forty-eight thousand dollars, the exemption amount shall be reduced by one thousand dollars for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the taxpayer’s Connecticut adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds the said amount. In no event shall the reduction exceed one hundred per cent of the exemption.