New York Laws > Mental Hygiene > Title E – General Provisions


Article 29	General Provisions Relating to In-patient Facilities
Article 30	Comprehensive Care Centers For Eating Disorders
Article 31	Regulation and Quality Control of Services For the Mentally Disabled
Article 32	Regulation and Quality Control of Chemical Dependence Services and Compulsive Gambling Services
Article 33	Rights of Patients
Article 36	Addiction and Mental Health Services and Supports
Article 41	Local Services
Article 43	Fees For Services
Article 47	Mental Hygiene Legal Service
Article 61	Federal Aid
Article 67	Interstate Relations
Article 71	Acquisition of Real Property
Article 75	Community Mental Health Services and Developmental Disabilities Services Companies
Article 79	Proceedings Relative to Incompetent Veterans and Infant Wards of the United States Veterans' Administration
Article 80	Surrogate Decision-making For Medical Care and Treatment
Article 81	Proceedings For Appointment of a Guardian For Personal Needs or Property Management
Article 82	Supported Decision-making
Article 83	Uniform Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act
Article 84	New York Achieving a Better Life Experience Savings Account Act
Article 91	Laws Repealed; Savings Clause; Time of Taking Effect

Terms Used In New York Laws > Mental Hygiene > Title E - General Provisions

ABA: means the design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental modifications, using behavioral stimuli and consequences, to produce socially significant improvement in human behavior, including the use of direct observation, measurement, and functional analysis of the relationship between environment and behavior. See N.Y. Education Law 8801
Academic year: shall mean the regular school year beginning July first and ending June thirtieth. See N.Y. Education Law 651
Access: means to instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve from, or otherwise make use of any resources of a computer, physically, directly or by electronic means. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Account owner: shall mean a person who opens a savings account pursuant to the provisions of section 529A of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, or any regulations promulgated thereunder. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Account owner: shall mean a person who enters into a tuition savings agreement pursuant to the provisions of this article, including a person who enters into such an agreement as a fiduciary or agent on behalf of a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Accumulated contributions: shall mean the sum of all the amounts deducted from the compensation of a contributor, and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund together with regular interest thereon. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Accused: shall mean a person accused of a violation who has not yet entered an institution's judicial or conduct process. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Acquiring corporation: means a corporation that is participating in a procedure pursuant to which such corporation is acquiring all of the outstanding shares of one or more classes of a subject corporation. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 913
Acquittal:
1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
2. A verdict of "not guilty."
activities of daily living: means activities such as, but not limited to, mobility, eating, toileting, dressing, grooming, housekeeping, cooking, shopping, money management, banking, driving or using public transportation, and other activities related to personal needs and to property management. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Adaptive measures: means any adjustment, whether passive, reactive or anticipatory, that may be taken to ameliorate the anticipated adverse consequences associated with flood events. See N.Y. Canal Law 139-A
Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
administration: means the United States veterans' administration or its successor. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
Adopter: means any faculty member or academic department at institutions of higher learning responsible for considering and choosing textbooks and/or supplemental materials to be utilized in connection with the accredited courses taught at institutions of higher education. See N.Y. Education Law 720
Adoption: means the delivery to any natural person eighteen years of age or older, for the limited purpose of harboring a pet, of any dog or cat, seized or surrendered. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
adult: means an individual eighteen years of age or older. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
advance directive: means a legally recognized written or oral instruction by an adult relating to the provision of health care to the adult if and when they become incapacitated, including but not limited to a health care proxy, a consent to the issuance of an order not to resuscitate or other orders for life-sustaining treatment recorded in a patient's medical record, or other legally-recognized statements of wishes or beliefs. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
Agreement: means an employee ownership assistance loan agreement made pursuant to this subtitle. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Agricultural and farmland protection: means the preservation, conservation, management or improvement of lands which are part of viable farming operations, for the purpose of encouraging such lands to remain in agricultural production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
Agricultural assessment value: means the value per acre assigned to land for assessment purposes determined pursuant to the capitalized value of production procedure prescribed by section three hundred four-a of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Agricultural data statement: means an identification of farm operations within an agricultural district located within five hundred feet of the boundary of property upon which an action requiring municipal review and approval by the planning board, zoning board of appeals, town board, or village board of trustees pursuant to Article 16 of the town law or Article 7 of the village law is proposed, as provided in section three hundred five-b of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Agricultural tourism: means activities, including the production of maple sap and pure maple products made therefrom, conducted by a farmer on-farm for the enjoyment and/or education of the public, which primarily promote the sale, marketing, production, harvesting or use of the products of the farm and enhance the public's understanding and awareness of farming and farm life. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Agricultural use value: means the fair market value of a property that is restricted by an easement to its productive commercial agricultural use value rather than the highest and/or best potential use value for residential or other non-agricultural purposes. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
Allegation: something that someone says happened.
Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
Animal: as used in this article , includes every living creature except a human being;

2. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
Animal: means a dog or a cat. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
Annual percentage rate: The cost of credit at a yearly rate. It is calculated in a standard way, taking the average compound interest rate over the term of the loan so borrowers can compare loans. Lenders are required by law to disclose a card account's APR. ^{Source: FDIC}
Annuity: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from contributions made by contributor as provided in this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
Annuity reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any annuity, or benefit in lieu of any annuity, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
Antique firearm: means :

Any unloaded muzzle loading pistol or revolver with a matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap, or similar type of ignition system, or a pistol or revolver which uses fixed cartridges which are no longer available in the ordinary channels of commercial trade. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Apiary: shall mean any location used for raising honey bees or producing honey or other bee related products. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 173-A
Apiary products operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of land owned by the operation, upon which bee hives are located and maintained for the purpose of producing, harvesting and storing apiary products for sale. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
Appraisal: A determination of property value.
Appropriate board of elections: means the board of elections in whose jurisdiction the military voter resides as a qualified voter. See N.Y. Election Law 10-102
Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
approved program: means a program for the education of physician assistants which has been formerly approved by the department. See N.Y. Education Law 6540
approved program: means a program for the education of specialist assistants which has been approved by the department. See N.Y. Education Law 6547
Armor piercing ammunition: means any ammunition capable of being used in pistols or revolvers containing a projectile or projectile core, or a projectile or projectile core for use in such ammunition, that is constructed entirely (excluding the presence of traces of other substances) from one or a combination of any of the following: tungsten alloys, steel, iron, brass, bronze, beryllium copper, or uranium. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
Assault weapon: means

(a) a semiautomatic rifle that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

(i) a folding or telescoping stock;

(ii) a pistol grip that protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon;

(iii) a thumbhole stock;

(iv) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

(v) a bayonet mount;

(vi) a flash suppressor, muzzle break, muzzle compensator, or threaded barrel designed to accommodate a flash suppressor, muzzle break, or muzzle compensator;

(vii) a grenade launcher; or

(b) a semiautomatic shotgun that has at least one of the following characteristics:

(i) a folding or telescoping stock;

(ii) a thumbhole stock;

(iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

(iv) a fixed magazine capacity in excess of seven rounds;

(v) an ability to accept a detachable magazine; or

(c) a semiautomatic pistol that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

(i) a folding or telescoping stock;

(ii) a thumbhole stock;

(iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

(iv) capacity to accept an ammunition magazine that attaches to the pistol outside of the pistol grip;

(v) a threaded barrel capable of accepting a barrel extender, flash suppressor, forward handgrip, or silencer;

(vi) a shroud that is attached to, or partially or completely encircles, the barrel and that permits the shooter to hold the firearm with the non-trigger hand without being burned;

(vii) a manufactured weight of fifty ounces or more when the pistol is unloaded; or

(viii) a semiautomatic version of an automatic rifle, shotgun or firearm;

(d) a revolving cylinder shotgun;

(e) a semiautomatic rifle, a semiautomatic shotgun or a semiautomatic pistol or weapon defined in subparagraph (v) of paragraph (e) of subdivision twenty-two of section 265. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
Assisted project: shall mean any project in respect of which the authority has granted a loan or guaranteed a loan. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
athletic trainer: means any person who is duly certified in accordance with this article to perform athletic training under the supervision of a physician and limits his or her practice to secondary schools, institutions of postsecondary education, professional athletic organizations, or a person who, under the supervision of a physician, carries out comparable functions on orthopedic athletic injuries, excluding spinal cord injuries, in a health care organization. See N.Y. Education Law 8351
Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
Attest: means providing the following public accountancy services which all require the independence of licensees:

a. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
Authority: means the job development authority created by section one thousand eight hundred two of this chapter. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Authority: shall mean the New York job development authority created by subdivision one of section eighteen hundred two of this title. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Automatic knife: includes a stiletto, a switchblade knife, a cane sword, a pilum ballistic knife, and a metal knuckle knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
available resources: means resources such as, but not limited to, visiting nurses, homemakers, home health aides, adult day care and multipurpose senior citizen centers, powers of attorney, health care proxies, trusts, representative and protective payees, and residential care facilities. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
baby chicks: as used in this article , means any domestic fowl under the age of six weeks. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 175-M
Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
balance sheet liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iv) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Bank: means a bank, trust company, private banker, savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, investment company organized under article twelve of this chapter and authorized to accept deposits, national bank, federal savings association, federal credit union, or out-of-state state bank, as such term is defined in subdivision two of section two hundred twenty-two of this chapter, having a principal, branch or trust office in this state. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Bank holding company: when used in this article, means any company which (a) directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owns, controls, or holds with power to vote (i) ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article, or (ii) ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution, or (b) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of (i) a banking institution, or (ii) a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article, or (c) is a company, for the benefit of whose stockholders or members ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution or of a company which is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this article is held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees, or (d) through a combination of (i) ownership, control or holding, directly or indirectly, of voting stock and (ii) voting stock and held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the members or stockholders of such company, if such voting stock is voting stock of one or more banking institutions or of one of more companies which are or become bank holding companies by virtue of this article, as the case may be, is a company which would be a bank holding company if the aggregate of such voting stock were either entirely owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, by such company or entirely held, directly or indirectly, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the members or stockholders of such company. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
Banking institution: when used in this article, means a bank, a trust company, a stock-form savings bank or a stock-form savings and loan association. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
banking institution: shall mean and include banks, trust companies, savings banks, savings and loan associations and foreign banking corporations licensed, pursuant to section twenty-six of this chapter, to maintain a branch in the state, as so defined. See N.Y. Banking Law 190
banking institution: when used in this article, shall mean any entity authorized by its charter to accept deposits and to make loans. See N.Y. Banking Law 221-B
Banking organization: when used in this title shall mean (a) any organization defined by subdivision eleven of § 2 of the banking law, (b) any agency or branch of a foreign banking corporation licensed by the department of financial services under Article 5 of the banking law, (c) any national bank, federal savings and loan association and federal credit union, (d) any authorized insurer defined by paragraph ten of subsection (a) of § 107 of the insurance law and (e) any public or private pension or investment fund required to file a report with any state or federal regulatory or supervisory body. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
Beekeeper: shall mean any individual or entity that maintains managed honey bees for profit, research, recreational, or educational purposes. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 173-A
Beneficiary: shall mean any person in receipt of a retirement allowance or other benefit as provided by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
Benefit corporation: means a business corporation incorporated under this article and whose status as a benefit corporation has not been terminated as provided in this article. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
benefits: shall mean all moneys payable by the United States through the administration. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
Bequest: Property gifted by will.
Best interests: means promoting personal well-being by the assessment of the risks, benefits and alternatives to the patient of a proposed major medical treatment, taking into account factors including the relief of suffering, the preservation or restoration of functioning, improvement in the quality of the patient's life with and without the proposed major medical treatment and consistency with the personal beliefs and values known to be held by the patient. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Binary trigger system: means any device that, when installed in or attached to a semi-automatic firearm rifle, or shotgun causes that weapon to fire once when the trigger is pulled and again when the trigger is released. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Biological agent: means any micro-organism, virus, infectious substance, or biological product that may be engineered as a result of biotechnology, or any naturally occurring or bioengineered component of any such micro-organism, virus, infectious substance, or biological product, capable of causing:

(a) death, disease, or other biological malfunction in a human, an animal, a plant, or another living organism;

(b) deterioration of food, water, equipment, supplies, or material of any kind; or

(c) deleterious alteration of the environment. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Biological weapon: means any biological agent, toxin, vector, or delivery system or combination thereof. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
board: means the board of trustees of the state university of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 390
Board: shall mean the board of trustees of the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
board: means the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
board: means a community services board for services to individuals with mental illness and developmental disabilities, those suffering from alcoholism, alcohol abuse, substance abuse or substance dependence. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
board of education: shall mean the trustee, trustees or board of education of any common, union free, central, central high or city school district, or a board of cooperative educational services. See N.Y. Education Law 1980
board of trustees: means the board of trustees of the city university of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
borrower: shall mean (i) a student who is a resident of New York state attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college, or (ii) the parent, legal guardian, or sponsor, as defined by the corporation in regulation, of a student attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college who is a resident of New York state, and who obtains an education loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses under this program. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Borrower: shall mean a student attending a covered institution in this state, or a parent or person in parental relation to such student, who also obtains an educational loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Brood comb: shall mean the beeswax structure of cells where the queen bee lays eggs in which immature bees are reared. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 173-A
Bump stock: means any device or instrument that increases the rate of fire achievable with a semi-automatic firearm, rifle or shotgun by using energy from the recoil of the weapon to generate a reciprocating action that facilitates repeated activation of the trigger. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Burst trigger system: means any device that, when installed in or attached to a semi-automatic firearm, rifle, or shot gun, allows that weapon to discharge two or more shots with a single pull or the trigger by altering the trigger reset. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Bystander: shall mean a person who observes a crime, impending crime, conflict, potentially violent or violent behavior, or conduct that is in violation of rules or policies of an institution. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Cane Sword: means a cane or swagger stick having concealed within it a blade that may be used as a sword or stilletto. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Cannabinoid: means the phytocannabinoids found in hemp and does not include synthetic cannabinoids as that term is defined in subdivision (g) of schedule I of § 3306 of the public health law. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Cannabinoid hemp: means any hemp and any product processed or derived from hemp, that is used for human consumption provided that when such product is packaged or offered for retail sale to a consumer, it shall not have a concentration of more than three tenths of one percent delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Cannabinoid hemp flower: means the flower of the plant Cannabis sativa L. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Cannabinoid hemp flower product: means cannabinoid hemp flower that has been minimally processed consistent with the requirements of this article, intended for retail sale to consumers. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Cannabinoid hemp processor license: means a license granted by the board to process, extract, pack or manufacture cannabinoid hemp or hemp extract into products, whether in intermediate or final form, used for human consumption. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
capital costs: means the costs of a local government, a voluntary agency, or the facilities development corporation with respect to the acquisition of real property estates, interests, and cooperative interests in realty, their design, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation and improvement, original furnishings and equipment, site development, and appurtenances of a local facility. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
Capital offense: A crime punishable by death.
Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
certified ESL school: shall mean a language school conducted for-profit which provides instruction in English as a second language and which accepts no public funds and is certified pursuant to paragraph f of subdivision four of this section; and

c. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
Chairman: means the chairman of the dormitory authority. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1695
Chambers: A judge's office.
chancellor: shall mean the chancellor of the city district. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
Chemical weapon: means the following, together or separately:

(a) a toxic chemical or its precursors;

(b) a munition or device specifically designed to cause death or other harm through the toxic properties of a toxic chemical or its precursors, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device;

(c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices; or

(d) any device that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Child care institution: shall mean any facility serving thirteen or more children licensed by the department of social services pursuant to title one of Article 7 of the social services law operated by an authorized agency, or a residential treatment facility for children and youth, whether or not such residential treatment facility is operated by an authorized agency, except that Blythedale Children's Hospital shall be a child care institution. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
Child with a handicapping condition: shall mean a person between the ages of five and twenty-one who has been identified through appropriate evaluation and assessment as having a disability arising from cognitive, emotional or physical factors, or any combination thereof, which interferes with the child's ability to benefit from regular education. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
Chuka stick: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, consisting of two or more lengths of a rigid material joined together by a thong, rope or chain in such a manner as to allow free movement of a portion of the device while held in the hand and capable of being rotated in such a manner as to inflict serious injury upon a person by striking or choking. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
city: shall mean the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
city board: shall mean the board of education of the city district. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
city district: shall mean the city school district of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
city university: shall mean the city university of New York, including each senior college and each community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
city university: means the city university of New York under the jurisdiction of the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
Claimant: when used in this article, means a purchaser or holder of a New York instrument. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
Clinic: shall mean a facility located either within or outside of a state university health care facility providing services related to the medical education mission of the university, but shall not include state university student health services. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Clinical: shall mean activities directly relating to the treatment or diagnosis of human ailments. See N.Y. Education Law 8701
Code of conduct: shall mean the written policies adopted by an institution governing student behavior, rights, and responsibilities while such student is matriculated in the institution. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
College: shall mean any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Education Law 601
Colony: shall mean any production unit of bees. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 173-A
Commercial equine operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of at least seven acres and stabling at least ten horses, regardless of ownership, that receives ten thousand dollars or more in gross receipts annually from fees generated through the provision of commercial equine activities including, but not limited to riding lessons, trail riding activities or training of horses or through the production for sale of crops, livestock, and livestock products, or through both the provision of such commercial equine activities and such production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Commercial horse boarding operation: means an agricultural enterprise, consisting of at least seven acres and boarding at least ten horses, regardless of ownership, that receives ten thousand dollars or more in gross receipts annually from fees generated either through the boarding of horses or through the production for sale of crops, livestock, and livestock products, or through both such boarding and such production. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Commission: means the commission on quality of care and advocacy for persons with disabilities. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the State of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-BB
Commissioner: means the commissioner of the office of children and family services. See N.Y. Executive Law 523-A
committee: means the state committee for perfusion created by section sixty-six hundred thirty-four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6630
committee: means the state committee for pathologists' assistants created by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 8850
Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
community board: shall mean the board of education of a community district. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
community college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered as such, by the board of trustees on July first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, whose primary purpose is providing certificate and associate degree post secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects, and is receiving financial assistance from the state as a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
community council: shall mean the community district education council of a community district established pursuant to section twenty-five hundred ninety-c of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
community district: shall mean a community school district created or to be created within the city district under the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. ^{Source: OCC}
community superintendent: shall mean the superintendent of schools of a community district. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
community support services: means clinical, social, rehabilitative and other mental health services, programs and related administrative activities designed to enhance the community living skills and prevent the unnecessary hospitalization of the seriously impaired, chronically mentally ill population, who are eligible to receive services pursuant to section 41. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
Company: when used in this article, means any corporation, partnership, trust, unincorporated association, joint stock association or similar organization organized under the laws of the state of New York, or if not so organized, doing business in the state of New York, or any individual residing or doing business in the state of New York, or any combination of individuals which combination is residing or is doing business in the state of New York, any combination of the foregoing which combination is residing or is doing business in the state of New York, or any such individual and any of the foregoing acting in concert, but shall not include (a) any corporation the majority of the stock of which is owned by the United States or by any state unless the superintendent determines that it would be in the public interest to deem such a corporation to constitute a company, or (b) any corporation or community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, or educational purposes, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private stockholder or individual, and no substantial part of the activities of which is the carrying on of propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation unless the superintendent determines that it would be in the public interest to deem such a corporation, community chest, fund, or foundation to constitute a company, or (c) any corporation or partnership owning or controlling stock acquired in connection with an underwriting of securities and which is held only for such period of time as will permit the sale thereof upon a reasonable basis. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
Compilation: means providing a service that presents, in the form of financial statements, information that is the representation of the management or owners of the client without undertaking to express any assurance of the accuracy of the information in the statements, to be performed in accordance with standards, developed by a federal governmental agency, commission or board or a recognized international or national professional accountancy organization, that are acceptable to the department in accordance with the commissioner's regulations. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
Compounding: means the combining, admixing, mixing, diluting, pooling, reconstituting, or otherwise altering of a drug or bulk drug substance to create a drug. See N.Y. Education Law 6842
comptroller: means the comptroller of the state of New York with respect to the state university or the appropriate fiscal officer with respect to other employers. See N.Y. Education Law 398
Comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
Comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Computer: means a device or group of devices which, by manipulation of electronic, magnetic, optical or electrochemical impulses, pursuant to a computer program, can automatically perform arithmetic, logical, storage or retrieval operations with or on computer data, and includes any connected or directly related device, equipment or facility which enables such computer to store, retrieve or communicate to or from a person, another computer or another device the results of computer operations, computer programs or computer data. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Computer network: means the interconnection of hardwire or wireless communication lines with a computer through remote terminals, or a complex consisting of two or more interconnected computers. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Computer service: means any and all services provided by or through the facilities of any computer communication system allowing the input, output, examination, or transfer, of computer data or computer programs from one computer to another. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Computerized test: means any test form administered to test subjects by means of a computer. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
Consolidated corporation: means the new corporation into which two or more constituent corporations are consolidated. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Consolidation: means a procedure of the character described in subparagraph (a) (2). See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Constituent corporation: means an existing corporation that is participating in the merger or consolidation with one or more other corporations. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Constituent entity: means a domestic or foreign corporation or other business entity, that is participating in the merger or consolidation with one or more domestic or foreign corporations. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Construction: includes construction of new buildings, acquisition of existing buildings, and expansion, remodeling, alteration, and renovation of existing buildings, and initial equipment of such new, newly acquired, expanded, remodeled, altered or renovated buildings;

b. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Consumer: means any person other than a milk dealer who purchases milk for fluid consumption. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Consumer: means any individual purchasing an animal from a pet dealer. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
contributions for twenty-year amortization of nineteen hundred ninety senior college consolidated UAL and senior college remainder of BSL: shall mean all of the installments of contribution and contributions referred to in subdivisions 8-i to 8-n, inclusive, of this section which are required to be paid by the city and the state during the applicable twenty-year amortization period pursuant to section sixty-two hundred thirty-one of this article and the applicable provisions of subdivision bb of section 13-638. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Contributor: shall mean any member of the retirement system who has an account in the annuity savings fund as provided by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Conversion: means an outward or affirmative act changing the use of agricultural land and shall not mean the nonuse or idling of such land. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
Corporation: means and includes all mutual savings banks, mutual savings and loan associations, mutual holding companies and credit unions. See N.Y. Banking Law 9001
Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
Correspondent: means a person who has demonstrated a genuine interest in promoting the best interests of the patient by having a personal relationship with the patient, by participating in the patient's care and treatment, by regularly visiting the patient, or by regularly communicating with the patient. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
County: shall mean the county executive, or if there is none, the chairman of the county legislative body of the county which is responsible for a child in a child care institution or a private school, except within the city of New York, in which case county shall mean the mayor of said city. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
county: shall mean any county in this state, except a county wholly within a city. See N.Y. Tax Law 1215
Covered institution: shall mean any college, vocational institution, or approved program as defined in section six hundred one of this title. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Covered institution employee: shall mean any employee, agent, contractor, director, officer or trustee of a covered institution. See N.Y. Education Law 620
CPA: means any person who has received a license from the department or any other state as a certified public accountant for the practice of public accountancy. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
Credit bureau: An agency that collects individual credit information and sells it for a fee to creditors so they can make a decision on granting loans. Typical clients include banks, mortgage lenders, credit card companies, and other financing companies. (Also commonly referred to as consumer-reporting agency or credit-reporting agency.) ^{Source: OCC}
Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. ^{Source: OCC}
Crisis intervention services: means the continuum to address crisis intervention, crisis stabilization, and crisis residential treatment needs that are wellness, resiliency, and recovery oriented. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 36.03
Crisis residential services: means a short-term residential program designed to provide residential and support services to persons with symptoms of mental illness who are at risk of or experiencing a psychiatric crisis. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 36.03
Crisis stabilization centers: means facilities providing short-term observation and crisis stabilization services jointly licensed by the office of mental health and the office of addiction services and supports under section 36. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 36.03
Cross examine: Questioning of a witness by the attorney for the other side.
cruelty: includes every act, omission, or neglect, whereby unjustifiable physical pain, suffering or death is caused or permitted. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
Dealer in firearms: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or company who engages in the business of purchasing, selling, keeping for sale, loaning, leasing, or in any manner disposing of, any assault weapon, large capacity ammunition feeding device, pistol, revolver, or semiautomatic rifle. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Decedent: A deceased person.
decision-maker: means an adult who has executed, or seeks to execute, a supported decision-making agreement. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Declarant: means a person who submits a declaration pursuant to the provisions of this article and may include any provider of health services, the director of the patient's residential facility or a relative or correspondent of the patient. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Declaration: means a written statement submitted in accordance with section 80. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
Deface: means to remove, deface, cover, alter or destroy the manufacturer's serial number or any other distinguishing number or identification mark. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Default: means an adjudication or other official determination of a court of competent jurisdiction or other public authority pursuant to which a conservator, receiver, or other legal custodian is appointed for an insured institution for the purpose of liquidation. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
Delivery system: means :

(a) any apparatus, equipment, device, or means of delivery specifically designed to deliver or disseminate a biological agent, toxin, or vector; or

(b) any vector. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
Design professional: means an individual licensed and registered pursuant to title eight of the education law to practice professional engineering, architecture, landscape architecture, geology or land surveying. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Design professional service corporation: means a corporation organized under this article practicing professional engineering, architecture, landscape architecture, geology, or land surveying, or practicing any combination of such professions. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Designated beneficiary: shall mean , with respect to an account or accounts, any individual who is an "eligible individual" as defined under paragraph (1) of subsection (e) of section 529A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any regulations promulgated thereunder and whose qualified expenses are expected to be paid from the account or accounts. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Designated beneficiary: shall mean , with respect to an account or accounts, the individual designated as the individual whose higher education expenses are expected to be paid from the account or accounts. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Devise: To gift property by will.
Direct marketing: means the sale of farm and food products directly from producers to consumers and food buyers. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
direction and supervision: means continuous direction and supervision, but shall not be construed as necessarily requiring the physical presence of the supervising physician at the time and place where such services are performed. See N.Y. Education Law 8850
Director: means the director of the office of the ombudsman. See N.Y. Executive Law 523-A
director: as used in this Article of the persons having, by law, the direction or management of the affairs of a corporation, by whatever name described. See N.Y. Banking Law 674
Director: means any member of the governing board of a corporation, whether designated as director, trustee, manager, governor or by any other title; the term "board" means "board of directors. See N.Y. Banking Law 9001
Director: means the director of the division of milk control. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
director: means the director of community services, who is the chief executive officer of a local governmental unit, by whatever title known. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
director: means the director of the United States veterans' administration or his successor. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
Disguised gun: means any weapon or device capable of being concealed on the person from which a shot can be discharged through the energy of an explosive and is designed and intended to appear to be either; (a) something other than a gun; or (b) a toy gun that shall include, but not be limited to, any firearm, rifle, shotgun or machine-gun displaying a color finish other than the original manufacture color, a decorative pattern or plastic like surface; provided, however, that any rifle or shotgun displaying a camouflage color finish or pattern that is intended for hunting, as defined by Article 11 of the environmental conservation law, shall not be considered a "disguised gun" for purposes of this section. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
Dispose of: means to dispose of, give, give away, lease, loan, keep for sale, offer, offer for sale, sell, transfer and otherwise dispose of. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
district superintendent: shall mean the chief administrative officer of a supervisory district as defined in article forty-five of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 1980
Division: means the division of milk control created by this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
Doing business: when used in this article, shall include the maintenance by a foreign company of a place of business in this state, or the conduct by a foreign company of operations in this state, or the acquisition, owning or holding by a foreign company of any stock or assets of any banking institution or any company which directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds with power to vote ten per centum or more of the voting stock of a banking institution. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
Donated farm salvage: shall mean an agricultural crop that is unharvested, surplus or unmarketable but otherwise nutritious and edible. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 217
Donee: The recipient of a gift.
Donor: The person who makes a gift.
Dormitory facilities revenue fund: means the fund established pursuant to § 1680-q of the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Dormitory facilities revenues: means all moneys, including rents, fees and charges, derived from the use or occupancy of dormitory facilities. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Dormitory facility: means a dormitory, as such term is defined in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of § 1676 of the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Duly authorized instructor: means (a) a duly commissioned officer of the United States army, navy, marine corps or coast guard, or of the national guard of the state of New York; or (b) a duly qualified adult citizen of the United States who has been granted a certificate as an instructor in small arms practice issued by the United States army, navy or marine corps, or by the adjutant general of this state, or by the division of criminal justice services, or by the national rifle association of America, a not-for-profit corporation duly organized under the laws of this state; (c) by a person duly qualified and designated by the department of environmental conservation as its agent in the giving of instruction and the making of certifications of qualification in responsible hunting practices; or (d) a New York state 4-H certified shooting sports instructor. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Education loan: shall mean any loan that is made under this program to finance or refinance higher education expenses at an eligible college. See N.Y. Education Law 690
educational facilities: shall mean land and the improvements thereon for use in connection with any educational activity to be undertaken or provided by the city board or any community council or any facility attendant thereto or any facility necessary, useful or desirable in connection with such activity. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Educational loan: shall mean any loan that is made, insured, or guaranteed under Part B of Title IV of the Federal Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, any high risk loan or any private loan issued by a lending institution for the purposes of paying for or financing higher education expenses. See N.Y. Education Law 620
electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 390
electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
electing employer: means a community college which elects to offer the optional retirement program as herein provided. See N.Y. Education Law 390
Electronic dart gun: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to momentarily stun, knock out or paralyze a person by passing an electrical shock to such person by means of a dart or projectile. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
Electronic stun gun: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to stun, cause mental disorientation, knock out or paralyze a person by passing a high voltage electrical shock to such person. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Eligible business facility: shall mean any type of business facility to be used or occupied by any person in an enterprise deemed to offer a reasonable likelihood for promoting the creation or retention of job opportunities in the state, and includes, but is not limited to, industrial or manufacturing plants, facilities for research and development purposes, facilities for conducting wholesale, receiving and distributing operations, facilities for conducting office operations, warehousing operations, or any other operation dealing in the exchange of goods, wares, services or other types of property of any type or description. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Eligible co-signer: shall mean a parent, legal guardian or otherwise credit worthy individual over twenty-one years of age who satisfies applicable credit criteria approved by the corporation and is a resident of New York state. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Eligible college: shall mean a post-secondary institution, located within New York state, eligible for funds under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, or successor statute offering a two-year, four-year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Eligible educational institution: shall mean (a) any institution of higher education defined as an eligible educational institution in section 529(e)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or (b) any apprenticeship program described in section 529(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
eligible employees: means those employees in positions requiring the performance of educational functions in teacher education, agriculture, home economics, forestry, ceramics, liberal and applied arts and sciences, engineering, technical skills, crafts, business education, labor and industrial relations, medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, nursing, law, public affairs, maritime officer training, academic administration, library service, student activities, student personnel service and other professions required to carry on the work of the state university and the colleges, schools, institutes, research centers, facilities and institutions comprising it and of the community colleges. See N.Y. Education Law 390
eligible employees: means members of the instructional staffs of the colleges administered by the board of higher education in the city of New York pursuant to the provisions of Article one hundred twenty-five of the education law, who are employed in the following titles: president, dean, director, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, tutor, fellow, lecturer, librarian, associate librarian, assistant librarian, library assistant, registrar, assistant registrar, registrar's assistant, principal, first assistant, supervisor, assistant teacher, critic teacher, teacher, college science assistant, college science technician, college engineering technician, and any other members of the instructional staffs of such colleges as defined in section sixty-two hundred six, subdivision 1b of the education law, and such other titles as the board in its discretion may add thereto, by reason of their close relationship to the educational purposes required to carry on the functions of the city university. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
Eligible project: means the acquisition or rehabilitation by an employee ownership association of an existing industrial or manufacturing plant located in this state for the purpose of operating it as an employee-owned enterprise. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
employee: means a person employed by the state university, the board of higher education of the city of New York, or a community college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 398
Employee ownership association: means a corporation or other association formed by or on behalf of the employees of an industrial or manufacturing plant located in this state for the purpose of assuming ownership or control of the plant and operating it as an employee-owned enterprise or as a worker cooperative as defined in § 81 of the cooperative corporations law. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Employee-owned enterprise: means a business in which the employees are represented on the board of directors and the employees control the majority of the voting stock, or if the business is held in a trust which controls the majority of the voting stock, the trustees are elected by the employees. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
employer: means the state university of New York, the board of higher education of the city of New York, or a community college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 398
Employer: shall mean the state of New York, the city, the village, school district board or trustee, or other agency of and within the state by which a teacher is paid. See N.Y. Education Law 501
entire board: means the total number of directors which the corporation would have if there were no vacancies. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 702
Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
Equity security: means any stock, bond, or other obligation of a target company, the holder of which has the right to vote for the election of members of the board of directors, or those exercising a similar function if the target company is not a corporation, of such target company. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1601
Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
facilitator: means an individual or entity authorized by the office for people with developmental disabilities that works with and educates the decision-maker and his or her supporter or supporters about supported decision-making and supported decision-making agreements authorized under this article. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
facility: means a facility, hospital, or school, or an alcoholism facility in this state as such terms are defined in section 1. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
family tuition account: shall mean an individual savings account established in accordance with the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Farm and food product: means any agricultural, horticultural, forest, or other product of the soil or water that has been grown, harvested, or produced wholly within the state of New York. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
Farm animal: as used in this article , means any ungulate, poultry, species of cattle, sheep, swine, goats, llamas, horses or fur-bearing animals, as defined in section 11-1907 of the environmental conservation law, which are raised for commercial or subsistence purposes. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
Farm operation: means the land and on-farm buildings, equipment, manure processing and handling facilities, and practices which contribute to the production, preparation and marketing of crops, livestock and livestock products as a commercial enterprise, including a "commercial horse boarding operation" as defined in subdivision thirteen of this section, a "timber operation" as defined in subdivision fourteen of this section, "compost, mulch or other biomass crops" as defined in subdivision seventeen of this section and "commercial equine operation" as defined in subdivision eighteen of this section. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Farm woodland: means land used for the production of woodland products intended for sale, including but not limited to logs, lumber, posts and firewood. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Federal agency: shall mean the United States of America, and any officer, department, board, commissioner, bureau, division, corporation, agency or instrumentality thereof. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
Federal insuring agency: when used in this article, means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
Felony: as used in this article means any felony defined in the laws of this state or any offense defined in the laws of any other jurisdiction for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess of one year is authorized in this state. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
Final average salary: shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during the five years of service immediately preceding his date of retirement, or it shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during any five consecutive years of state service, said five years to be selected by the applicant prior to date of retirement. See N.Y. Education Law 501
financial exploitation: has the meaning given in § 473 of the social services law. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
financial organization: means an organization authorized to do business in the state of New York and which: (a) is licensed or chartered by the department of financial services; (b) is licensed or chartered by an agency of the federal government; or (c) is subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of the securities and exchange commission of the federal government. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Financial organization: shall mean an organization authorized to do business in the state of New York and (a) which is an authorized fiduciary to act as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time, or an insurance company; and (b)(i) is licensed or chartered by the department of financial services, (ii) is chartered by an agency of the federal government, (iii) is subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of the securities and exchange commission of the federal government, or (iv) is any other entity otherwise authorized to act in this state as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Firearm: means (a) any pistol or revolver; or (b) a shotgun having one or more barrels less than eighteen inches in length; or (c) a rifle having one or more barrels less than sixteen inches in length; or (d) any weapon made from a shotgun or rifle whether by alteration, modification, or otherwise if such weapon as altered, modified, or otherwise has an overall length of less than twenty-six inches; or (e) an assault weapon; or (f) any other weapon that is not otherwise defined in this section containing any component that provides housing or a structure designed to hold or integrate any fire control component that is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of explosive. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Firearm silencer: means any instrument, attachment, weapon or appliance for causing the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms to be silent, or intended to lessen or muffle the noise of the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Firm: means a domestic or foreign entity organized as a sole proprietorship, a professional service corporation, a partnership, a professional service limited liability company, a foreign professional service limited liability company, a registered limited liability partnership, a foreign registered limited liability partnership, or any other form of organization that is established for the business purpose of lawfully engaging in the practice of public accountancy. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
First-instance processing: shall mean the washing, grading and packaging of farm and food products in connection with a farmers' market. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
- You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
- The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
- The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
Flood event: means an overflow or inundation that comes from a river or other body of water, whether caused by rainfall, waterway operation, dam break, water runoff or other means, and causes or threatens damage. See N.Y. Canal Law 139-A
food salvager: as used in this article , means a person engaged in the business of reconditioning, labeling, relabeling, packing, repacking, sorting, cleaning, culling, or by other means salvaging food or food products, single service food containers and utensils, soda straws, paper napkins or any product of a similar nature that may have become damaged, contaminated, adulterated or misbranded as a result of fire, flood, transit wreck, accident or other cause, or by water, smoke, chemicals, or any other adulterating agents. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 217
Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
foreign banking corporation: when used in this article, shall mean any banking institution organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States, any state of the United States or Puerto Rico. See N.Y. Banking Law 221-B
Foreign corporation: means a non-stock corporation which is licensed by the superintendent under the provisions of article two of this chapter to do business in this state or is applying for such license and a non-stock corporation authorized to conduct business in this state pursuant to article five-C of this chapter or is applying for such authorization. See N.Y. Banking Law 9001
Foreign professional service corporation: means a professional service corporation, whether or not denominated as such, organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this state, all of the shareholders, directors and officers of which are authorized and licensed to practice the profession for which such corporation is licensed to do business; except that all shareholders, directors and officers of a foreign professional service corporation which provides health services in this state shall be licensed in this state. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1525
Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
functional level: means the ability to provide for personal needs and/or the ability with respect to property management. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
functional limitations: means behavior or conditions of a person which impair the ability to provide for personal needs and/or property management. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Fund: means the state savings and loan insurance fund created by section four hundred twenty-a of this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
Fund: when used in this article, means the state transmitter of money insurance fund as provided for in this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
Funding partner: means an entity which singly or in combination with other entities has agreed to finance a portion of the project cost of an eligible project, and may include the employee ownership association undertaking the project as well as any financial entity. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Gainful occupation: includes any employment for which a compensation is paid either in goods and/or in services; practice of a profession; self-employment; homemaking, farm or family work (including work for which payment is in kind rather than in cash); sheltered employment; and home industries or other gainful homebound work. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
General public benefit: means a material positive impact on society and the environment, taken as a whole, assessed against a third-party standard, from the business and operations of a benefit corporation. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
Ghost gun: means a firearm, rifle or shotgun that does not comply with the provisions of section 265. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
Gift: shall mean any discount, favor, gratuity, inducement, loan, stock, thing of value, or other item having more than nominal value. See N.Y. Education Law 620
gifted pupils: shall mean those pupils who show evidence of high performance capability and exceptional potential in areas such as general intellectual ability, special academic aptitude and outstanding ability in visual and performing arts. See N.Y. Education Law 4452
good faith: means honest in fact and in the observance of reasonable standards of fair dealing. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
Gross sales: means the proceeds from the sale of:

a. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
guardian: means a person who is eighteen years of age or older, a corporation, or a public agency, including a local department of social services, appointed in accordance with terms of this article by the supreme court, the surrogate's court, or the county court to act on behalf of an incapacitated person in providing for personal needs and/or for property management. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Gunsmith: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or company who engages in the business of repairing, altering, assembling, manufacturing, cleaning, polishing, engraving or trueing, or who performs any mechanical operation on, any firearm, large capacity ammunition feeding device or machine-gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
Handicapped person: means any person who in the judgment of the department is under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment but which is of such a nature that vocational rehabilitation services may reasonably be expected to render him fit to engage in gainful employment, and also any person under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment and for whom vocational rehabilitation services are necessary to ascertain his rehabilitation potential. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
health professionals: means persons duly licensed or otherwise authorized to practice a health profession pursuant to applicable law, including, but not limited to, physicians, registered professional nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians assistants, optometrists, dentists, dental hygienists, dietitians and nutritionists, and audiologists. See N.Y. Education Law 902
Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
Hemp: means the plant Cannabis sativa L. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Hemp: means the plant Cannabis sativa L. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
Hemp extract: means all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers derived from hemp, used or intended for human consumption, for its cannabinoid content, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than an amount determined by the board in regulation. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
High risk loans: shall mean any agreement between a lending institution and a covered institution that provides for the lending institution to provide loans to students with a poor or no credit history, who would otherwise not be eligible for educational loans. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Higher education expenses: shall mean the cost of attendance at an eligible college and shall include tuition and fees, books, room and board, and other educationally related expenses, as determined by the corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Higher education expenses: shall include the following:

a. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Highly distressed area: means : (a) a census tract or tracts or block numbering area or areas or such census tract or block numbering area contiguous thereto which, according to the most recent census data available, has:

(i) a poverty rate of at least twenty percent for the year to which the data relates or at least twenty percent of the households receiving public assistance; and

(ii) an unemployment rate of at least one and twenty-five one hundredths times the statewide unemployment rate for the year to which the data relates; or

(b) a city, town, village or county within a city with a population of one million or more for which: (i) the ratio of the full value property wealth, as determined by the comptroller for the year nineteen hundred ninety, per resident to the statewide average full value property wealth per resident; and (ii) the ratio of the income per resident, as shown in the nineteen hundred ninety census to the statewide average income per resident; are each fifty-five percent or less of the statewide average. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
Holder: shall mean , with respect to an education loan: (i) a lender; (ii) a public benefit corporation authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans pursuant to the public authorities law; or (iii) any assignee of such lender or public benefit corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Holder: when used in this article, means a person, other than a purchaser, who is either (i) in possession of a New York instrument and is the named payee thereon, or (ii) in possession of a New York instrument issued or endorsed to him or bearer or in blank; provided, however, that no person who is in possession of a lost, stolen or forged New York instrument or who is in possession of a New York instrument by virtue of the fact that he is the surety on a bond required by subdivision one of section six hundred forty-three of this chapter or is a receiver or trustee, whether in bankruptcy or otherwise, for an uninsured transmitter of money shall be deemed a "holder" thereof. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
hospital: means an institution or facility possessing a valid operating certificate issued pursuant to Article 28 of the public health law and authorized to employ physician assistants in accordance with rules and regulations of the public health and health planning council. See N.Y. Education Law 6540
hospital: means an institution or facility possessing a valid operating certificate issued pursuant to Article 28 of the public health law and authorized to employ specialist assistants in accordance with rules and regulations of the public health and health planning council. See N.Y. Education Law 6547
Housing accommodations: shall mean housing accommodations which are subject to the regulations and control of residential rents and evictions pursuant to the emergency housing rent control law, the local emergency housing rent control act, the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four, the New York city rent and rehabilitation law or the New York city rent stabilization law of nineteen hundred sixty-nine. See N.Y. Penal Law 241.00
Immediate family member: means a spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
income: shall include only moneys received by the guardian from the administration and all earnings, interest, and profits derived therefrom. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
Independent: means that a person has no material relationship with a benefit corporation or any of its subsidiaries. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
Individual: means a natural person. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Individuals with severe disabilities: means persons for whom competitive employment has either not traditionally occurred or has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of having a permanent and substantially disabling physical, sensory, or mental condition. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
Institution: shall mean any college or university chartered by the regents or incorporated by special act of the legislature that maintains a campus in New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Institution of higher education: means any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Education Law 720
Institution of higher education: means :

(a) any of the colleges and universities described in subdivision three of § 352 of the education law;

(b) a college established and operated pursuant to the provisions of Article one hundred twenty-six of the education law, and providing two-year or four-year post-secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects and receiving financial assistance from the state;

(c) the city university of New York, as defined in subdivision two of § 6202 of the education law; and

(d) a not-for-profit two or four-year university or college given the power to confer associate, baccalaureate or higher degrees in this state by the legislature or by the regents under Article five of the education law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
Insured: means a person who enters into a premium finance agreement with a premium finance agency or makes and delivers a premium finance agreement to, or to the order of, an insurance agent or broker, whether or not he is insured under an insurance contract, premiums for which are advanced or to be advanced under the premium finance agreement. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Insured account: means a savings account held by an insured member and which is insured under the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
insured member: means a savings and loan association whose application for membership in the fund has been accepted and approved; and which has made all payments required by this article; and whose membership has not been terminated. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
Insured savings and loan association: means an association whose accounts are insured under this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 390
insurer: means a life insurance corporation or other corporation subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. Education Law 398
insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to supervision by the department of financial services of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
Investment companies: means the NYSBIC and the NYSSBIC collectively. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement
Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
Juror: A person who is on the jury.
Key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system: means the precursor which plays the most important role in determining the toxic properties of the final product and reacts rapidly with other chemicals in the binary or multicomponent system. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Kung Fu star: means a disc-like object with sharpened points on the circumference thereof and is designed for use primarily as a weapon to be thrown. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
labor official: means any duly appointed representative of a labor organization or any duly appointed trustee or representative of an employee welfare trust fund. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.10
Land used in agricultural production: means not less than seven acres of land used as a single operation in the preceding two years for the production for sale of crops, livestock or livestock products of an average gross sales value of ten thousand dollars or more; or, not less than seven acres of land used in the preceding two years to support a commercial horse boarding operation or a commercial equine operation with annual gross receipts of ten thousand dollars or more. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Large capacity ammunition feeding device: means a magazine, belt, drum, feed strip, or similar device, that has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than ten rounds of ammunition; provided, however, that such term does not include an attached tubular device designed to accept, and capable of operating only with, . See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
lawful rental and other lawful charges: means registered, reported or contracted for rent pursuant to chapter four hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-three, Article 2 of the private housing finance law or section eight of the federal housing act of nineteen hundred sixty-eight, or, rent contained in a court approved stipulation of settlement, even if such rent or charges are subsequently decreased by order of the department of housing and community renewal or a court of competent jurisdiction. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.54
Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
lawyer: shall mean an attorney or counselor governed by Article 15 of the judiciary law, who receives remuneration or other compensation from a school district or board of cooperative educational services in exchange for legal services provided to such district or board. See N.Y. Education Law 2050
Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
least restrictive form of intervention: means that the powers granted by the court to the guardian with respect to the incapacitated person represent only those powers which are necessary to provide for that person's personal needs and/or property management and which are consistent with affording that person the greatest amount of independence and self-determination in light of that person's understanding and appreciation of the nature and consequences of his or her functional limitations. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
lender: shall mean any entity that itself or through an affiliate originates education loans, other than an entity authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans through the issuance of bonds pursuant to the public authorities law. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Lending institution: means a bank or a lender licensed pursuant to article nine of this chapter. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Lending institution: shall mean :

a. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Lending Institution: means the original lender under the loan agreement or participants therein and its successors and assigns, and may include a banking institution, insurance company, foundation, labor union, employers association, trustees, fiduciaries or any combination of the foregoing. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 75.05
lessor: means a banking organization, foreign banking corporation or a national banking association authorized to engage in the safe deposit business. See N.Y. Banking Law 332
Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
License: when used in this article means any license duly issued by the superintendent pursuant to the provisions of article nine, nine-A, eleven-B, twelve-B, twelve-C, twelve-D or thirteen-B of this chapter or any registration certificate issued by the superintendent pursuant to the provisions of article twelve-D of this chapter. See N.Y. Banking Law 635
License: means a license issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
License: means a license, permit or registration issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
licensed casher of checks: means any individual, partnership, unincorporated association or corporation duly licensed by the superintendent of financial services to engage in business pursuant to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 366
Licensed pharmacist: means a person licensed to practice pharmacy pursuant to article one hundred thirty-seven of this title. See N.Y. Education Law 6842
licensee: means a licensed casher of checks, drafts and/or money orders. See N.Y. Banking Law 366
Licensee: when used in this article means any person issued a license. See N.Y. Banking Law 635
Licensee: means a licensed milk dealer. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
licensing authority: means the regents of the university of the state of New York or the state education department, as the case may be, in the case of all professions licensed under title eight of the education law, and the appropriate appellate division of the supreme court in the case of the profession of law. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Licensing authority: means the regents of the university of the state of New York or the state education department, as the case may be, in the case of all professions licensed under title eight of the education law, and the appropriate appellate division of the supreme court in the case of the profession of law. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1525
Licensing officer: means in the city of New York the police commissioner of that city; in the county of Nassau the commissioner of police of that county; in the county of Suffolk the sheriff of that county except in the towns of Babylon, Brookhaven, Huntington, Islip and Smithtown, the commissioner of police of that county; for the purposes of section 400. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
Loaded firearm: means any firearm loaded with ammunition or any firearm which is possessed by one who, at the same time, possesses a quantity of ammunition which may be used to discharge such firearm. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Loan: shall mean (i) a mortgage loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation secured by a mortgage on a project, defined in subdivision fourteen (i) and (ii) of this section, made by a local development corporation, a project occupant or other person, firm or corporation; (ii) a loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation, a project occupant, or other person, firm or corporation secured by a loan agreement, contract or such other instrument deemed necessary or convenient on a project defined in subdivision fourteen (iii) of this section; (iii) a loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation, a project occupant, or other person, firm or corporation secured by a security interest in machinery and equipment as provided in section eighteen hundred fourteen; and (iv) an employee ownership assistance loan made pursuant to paragraph (v) of subdivision fourteen of this section. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Loan guarantee: shall mean the guaranteeing by the authority of a loan made by a banking organization on a project as defined in subdivision fourteen of this section. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Loan processor or underwriter: means an individual who performs clerical or support duties as an employee at the direction of and subject to the supervision and instruction of a person licensed, or exempt from licensing, under this article, provided that such individual does not represent to the public, through advertising or other means of communicating or providing information, including the use of business cards, stationery, brochures, signs, rate lists, or other promotional items, that such individual can or will perform any of the activities of a mortgage loan originator. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Local development corporation: shall mean a non-profit corporation incorporated or reincorporated under the laws of this state, regardless of its particular name, which shall meet the additional requirements of section eighteen hundred twenty-five of this title. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Local district pension system: shall mean any teachers' retirement system or other arrangement for the payment of pensions or annuities to teachers exclusive of the retirement fund, created in any city or school district of this state prior to the first day of August, nineteen hundred twenty-one. See N.Y. Education Law 501
local facility: means a facility offering local services and includes a community mental health and developmental disabilities facility as defined in section three of the facilities development corporation act and, for the purposes of this article, a mental hygiene facility, as defined in said section, to be made available for use in providing local services under lease, sublease, license or permit from the facilities development corporation to one or more local governmental units or to a voluntary agency at the request of a commissioner of an office in the department. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
local government: means a county, except a county within the city of New York, and the city of New York. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
local governmental unit: means the unit of local government given authority in accordance with this chapter by local government to provide local services. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
local services: includes services for individuals with mental illness or developmental disabilities whose conditions, including but not limited to cerebral palsy and epilepsy, are associated with mental disabilities, and those suffering from alcoholism, alcohol abuse, substance abuse or substance dependence, which are provided by a local government or by a voluntary agency pursuant to a contract with a local governmental unit or the office of mental health. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
local services plan: means the plan of local services which is submitted by a local governmental unit and approved by the commissioner pursuant to section 41. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
local sponsor: means any city, county, intermediate school district, or school district approved by the board, sponsoring or participating in the establishment or operation of a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 390
locker plant: shall mean any building, or portion thereof, under such chemical refrigeration, in which individual compartments or lockers, each of not more than one hundred cubic feet capacity, are rented for the purpose of freezer storage of articles of food. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
Machine-gun: means a weapon of any description, irrespective of size, by whatever name known, loaded or unloaded, from which a number of shots or bullets may be rapidly or automatically discharged from a magazine with one continuous pull of the trigger and includes a sub-machine gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Maintenance: shall mean the amount charged for room and board, residential care and medical expenses, including those expenses reimbursable pursuant to title nineteen of the federal social security act, defined in accordance with the regulations of the commissioner of social services for a child care institution pursuant to § 398-a of the social services law. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
major medical or dental treatment: means a medical, surgical or diagnostic intervention or procedure where a general anesthetic is used or which involves any significant risk or any significant invasion of bodily integrity requiring an incision or producing substantial pain, discomfort, debilitation, or having a significant recovery period, or which involves the administration of psychotropic medication or electroconvulsive therapy; it does not include any routine diagnosis or treatment such as the administration of medications other than chemotherapy for non-psychiatric conditions or nutrition or the extraction of bodily fluids for analysis; dental care performed with a local anesthetic; and any procedures which are provided under emergency circumstances, pursuant to § 2504 of the public health law. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Major medical treatment: means a medical, surgical or diagnostic intervention or procedures where a general anesthetic is used or which involves any significant risk or any significant invasion of bodily integrity requiring an incision or producing substantial pain, discomfort, debilitation or having a significant recovery period. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
Management contract: shall mean the contract executed by the comptroller and a financial organization selected to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Management contract: shall mean the contract executed by the comptroller and a financial organization selected to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Manufacturing plant: shall include a plant used in connection with making, creating, working, preparing, processing, milling, manufacturing, finishing, fashioning, fabricating, or producing in any manner, goods, wares, merchandise, metals, fabrics, materials, products or substances of any kind or nature. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Marital deduction: The deduction(s) that can be taken in the determination of gift and estate tax liabilities because of the existence of a marriage or marital relationship.
Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
Material support or resources: means currency or other financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel, transportation, and other physical assets, except medicine or religious materials. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
mayor: shall mean the mayor of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Medical physics: shall mean the branch of physics limited to the field of radiological physics. See N.Y. Education Law 8701
mental hygiene facility: means a facility, hospital, or school, or an alcoholism facility in this state as such terms are defined in section 1. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Merger: means a procedure of the character described in subparagraph (a) (1). See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Metal knuckle knife: means a weapon that, when closed, cannot function as a set of plastic knuckles or metal knuckles, nor as a knife and when open, can function as both a set of plastic knuckles or metal knuckles as well as a knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Microstamp: means a unique alphanumeric or geometric code that identifies the make, model, and serial number of a firearm. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Microstamping component: means a component part of a semi-automatic pistol that will produce a microstamp on at least one location of the expended cartridge case each time the pistol is fired. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Microstamping-enabled pistol: means any semiautomatic pistol that contains a microstamping component. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Military address: means the mailing address of a military voter other than his residence address in his election district. See N.Y. Election Law 10-102
Military ballot: means the ballot prepared, printed and supplied for use by the military voter for a general election, primary election or special election. See N.Y. Election Law 10-102
Military service: means the military service of the state, or of the United States, including the army, navy, marine corps, air force, coast guard, merchant marine and all components thereof, and the coast and geodetic survey, the public health service, the national guard when in the service of the United States pursuant to call as provided by law, and the cadets or midshipmen of the United States Military Academy, United States Naval Academy, United States Air Force Academy and United States Coast Guard Academy. See N.Y. Election Law 10-102
Military voter: means a qualified voter of the state of New York who is in the actual military service, as defined in the preceding paragraph of this section, and by reason of such military service is absent from his election district of residence on the day of registration or election, or a voter who is discharged from such military service within thirty days of an election and the spouse, parent, child or dependent of such voter accompanying or being with him or her, if a qualified voter and a resident of the same election district. See N.Y. Election Law 10-102
Milk broker: means any person who buys and sells milk for licensees on a fee or commission basis or who arranges for or negotiates contracts to buy or sell milk among licensees. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Milk dealer: means any person who purchases, handles or sells milk, or bargains for the purchase or sale of milk, including brokers and agents. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Milk production area: as used in this article means those dairy farms maintained primarily as a source of fluid milk for a marketing area. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-L
Minimum status vote: means that, in addition to any other approval or vote required by this chapter, the certificate of incorporation or a bylaw adopted by the shareholders:

(1) The holders of shares of every class or series that are entitled to vote on the corporate action shall be entitled to vote as a class on the corporate action; and

(2) The corporate action must be approved by vote of the shareholders of each class or series entitled to cast at least three-quarters of the votes that all shareholders of the class or series are entitled to cast thereon. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
Mobile crisis teams: means a team licensed, certified, or authorized by the office of mental health and the office of addiction services and supports to provide community-based mental health or substance use disorder interventions for individuals who are experiencing a mental health or substance use disorder crisis. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 36.03
mobile unit: means any vehicle or other movable means from which the business of cashing checks, drafts or money orders is to be conducted. See N.Y. Banking Law 366
Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
mortgage: shall include housing loans as defined below. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2402
mortgage banker: shall mean a person or entity who or which is licensed pursuant to section five hundred ninety-one of this chapter to engage in the business of making mortgage loans in this state;

(g) "Registrant" or "mortgage broker" shall mean a person or entity registered pursuant to section five hundred ninety-one-a of this chapter to engage in the business of soliciting, processing, placing or negotiating mortgage loans for others, or offering to solicit, process, place or negotiate mortgage loans for others;

(h) "Mortgage loan servicer" or "servicer" shall mean a person or entity registered pursuant to subdivision two of this section to engage in the business of servicing mortgage loans for property located in this state;

(i) "Servicing mortgage loans" shall mean receiving any scheduled periodic payments from a borrower pursuant to the terms of any mortgage loan, including amounts for escrow accounts under section six-k of this chapter, title three-A of Article 9 of the real property tax law or section ten of 12 U. See N.Y. Banking Law 590
Mortgage loan: shall mean a loan to a natural person made primarily for personal, family or household use, secured by either a mortgage or deed of trust on residential real property, any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property or, if determined by the superintendent by regulation, shall include such a loan secured by a security interest on a manufactured home;

(b) "Residential real property" shall mean real property located in this state improved by a one-to-four family dwelling used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but shall not refer to unimproved real property upon which such dwellings are to be constructed;

(c) "Making a mortgage loan" shall mean for compensation or gain, either directly or indirectly, advancing funds, offering to advance funds, or making a commitment to advance funds to an applicant for a mortgage loan or a mortgagor as a mortgage loan;

(d) "Soliciting, processing, placing or negotiating a mortgage loan" shall mean for compensation or gain, either directly or indirectly, accepting or offering to accept an application for a mortgage loan, assisting or offering to assist in the processing of an application for a mortgage loan, soliciting or offering to solicit a mortgage loan on behalf of a third party or negotiating or offering to negotiate the terms or conditions of a mortgage loan with a lender on behalf of a third party;

(e) "Exempt organization" shall mean any insurance company, banking organization, foreign banking corporation licensed by the superintendent or the comptroller of the currency to transact business in this state, national bank, federal savings bank, federal savings and loan association, federal credit union, or any bank, trust company, savings bank, savings and loan association, or credit union organized under the laws of any other state, or any instrumentality created by the United States or any state with the power to make mortgage loans. See N.Y. Banking Law 590
Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
Mortgage Loan Originator: means an individual who for compensation or gain or in the expectation of compensation or gain:

(i) takes a residential mortgage loan application; or

(ii) offers or negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
Motor vehicle: includes every vehicle operated or driven upon a public highway which is propelled by any power other than muscular power, except (a) electrically-driven invalid chairs being operated or driven by an invalid, (b) vehicles which run only upon rails or tracks, and (c) snowmobiles as defined in Article forty-seven of the vehicle and traffic law. See N.Y. Penal Law 150.00
Municipality: shall mean any county, city, town or village in the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
neglect: has the meaning defined in paragraph (d) of subdivision one of § 473 of the social services law. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
net operating costs: means operating costs from which have been deducted the following:

(a) revenues for operating costs received from other state agencies or another local government pursuant to an agreement to purchase local services. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
New entrant: shall mean any teacher who is a member of the retirement system except a present teacher. See N.Y. Education Law 501
New York instrument: means a money order, check, draft or other instrument or document for the transmission or payment of money, or which evidences an obligation for the transmission or payment of money, or which evidences the purchase or deposit of funds for the purchase of any such instrument or document, sold in New York, but shall not include a New York traveler's check. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
nineteen hundred eighty unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of items (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph (3) of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be paid as a charge or applied as a credit, as the case may be, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
nineteen hundred eighty-two unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of item (vi) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
Nonpublic school: means any nonprofit elementary or secondary school in the State of New York, other than a public school, which (i) is providing instruction in accordance with article seventeen and section thirty-two hundred four of this chapter, (ii) has not been found to be in violation of Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Nonqualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account for other than a qualified expense, or a withdrawal made as the result of the death or disability of the designated beneficiary of an account. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Nonqualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account but shall not mean:

a. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Nontraditional mortgage product: means , for purposes of this article, any mortgage product other than a thirty-year fixed rate mortgage. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Not-for-profit conservation organization: means an organization as defined in subdivision two of section 49-0303 of the environmental conservation law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
NSPL: means the national network of local crisis centers that provide free and confidential emotional support to people in suicidal crisis or emotional distress twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week via a toll-free hotline number, which receives calls made through the 9-8-8 system. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 36.03
nucs: shall mean small honey bee colonies created from larger colonies including the nuc box, which is a smaller version of a beehive, designed to hold up to five frames from an existing colony. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
NY ABLE account: shall mean an individual savings account established in accordance with the provisions of section 529A of the Internal Revenue Code. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
NYCERS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment attributable to the senior colleges: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of sub-items (H), (I), (J) and (J-1) of item (vii) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit in favor of the city of New York and the state of New York with respect to their required contributions to the contingent reserve fund of the New York city employees' retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
NYCTRS installment of nineteen hundred ninety BSL contribution attributable to the senior colleges: shall mean any installment defined in paragraph forty-eight of subdivision a of section 13-638. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph ten of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-1 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-six unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph eleven of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-2 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
NYSBIC: means the New York small business investment company which shall be organized and operated in conformity with Section 301(c) and applicable regulations. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
NYSSBIC: means the New York specialized small business investment company which shall be organized and operated in conformity with Section 301(d) and applicable regulations. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
Obscene sexual performance: means any performance which, for purposes of section 263. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
Offeree: means the beneficial owner, residing in this state, of securities which an offeror acquires or offers to acquire in connection with a takeover bid. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1601
offeror: includes an issuer of securities whose securities are or are to be the subject of a takeover bid whether or not the issuer, upon acquisition, will become the beneficial owner of such securities. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1601
Office: means the office of children and family services. See N.Y. Executive Law 523-A
online education marketplace: shall mean a website or other internet-based online technology tool with which a licensed private career school or certified ESL school contracts for marketing or advertising services, or services in connection with the collection of tuition and/or fees, to the extent authorized in subdivision three of section five thousand four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
operating costs: means expenditures, excluding capital costs, incurred in the operation and maintenance of the community mental health, developmental disabilities, and alcoholism services board and of local facilities in accordance with this article and the regulations of the commissioner, by a local government or by a voluntary agency pursuant to a contract with a local governmental unit. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 390
optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
organization certificate: shall include an amended organization certificate. See N.Y. Banking Law 291
organization certificate: shall include an amended organization certificate. See N.Y. Banking Law 447-A
Organization certificate: includes (a) the original organization certificate or any other instrument filed or issued under any statute to form a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute; or (b) a special act or charter creating a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by special acts or by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute. See N.Y. Banking Law 9001
Originating entity: means a person or entity licensed or registered pursuant to article twelve-D of this chapter or such other employer of mortgage loan originators as the superintendent may approve. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Other business entity: means any person other than a natural person, general partnership (including any registered limited liability partnership or registered foreign limited liability partnership) or a domestic or foreign business corporation. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Other business entity: means any person other than a natural person, general partnership or a domestic or foreign business corporation, and includes a professional service limited liability company formed pursuant to the provisions of the New York limited liability company law. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Outlays: Outlays are payments made (generally through the issuance of checks or disbursement of cash) to liquidate obligations. Outlays during a fiscal year may be for payment of obligations incurred in prior years or in the same year.
Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
Owner: shall mean an owner, lessor, sublessor, assignee, net lessee, or a proprietary lessee of a housing accommodation in a structure or premises owned by a cooperative corporation or association, or an owner of a condominium unit or the sponsor of such cooperative corporation or association or condominium development, or any other person or entity receiving or entitled to receive rent for the use or occupation of any housing accommodation, or an agent of or any person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing. See N.Y. Penal Law 241.00
ownership or control interest: means : with respect to a school that is organized as or owned by a corporation, a position as an officer or director of such corporation; or, with respect to a school that is organized as or owned by a partnership, a position as a partner; or any other interest totaling ten percent or more, whether direct or indirect, in the total equity or assets of such school. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
Owning bank holding company: when used in this article with respect to a subsidiary trust company, means the bank holding company which owns all of the outstanding voting stock of such subsidiary trust company. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
Panel: means a subcommittee of four members of the surrogate decision-making committee. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Parent: means a legal resident of the state of New York with a New York taxable income of under five thousand dollars who is a parent, stepparent, adoptive parent and the spouse of an adoptive parent of a pupil enrolled in a nonpublic school, or a resident with such taxable income standing in loco parentis to such pupil. See N.Y. Education Law 561
parent: shall mean a person in parental relation to a child, as that phrase is defined in subdivision ten of section two of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Pari-mutuel horse race: means any horse race upon which betting is conducted under the provisions of the pari-mutuel revenue law as set forth in chapter 254 of the laws of 1940. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
Part: means each portion of a test for which a score is calculated. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
patronage: means the amount of work performed as a member of a worker cooperative, measured in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and by-laws. See N.Y. Cooperative Corporations Law 90
Pension: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from payments made by an employer as provided in this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Pension reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any pension, or benefit in lieu of any pension, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Performance: means any play, motion picture, photograph or dance. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
perfusion: means the provision of extracorporeal or intracorporeal patient care services to support or replace the circulatory or respiratory function of a patient, including the administration of pharmacological and therapeutic agents, and blood products, and the management, treatment and monitoring of the physiological status of a patient during the operation of extracorporeal circulation equipment or intracorporeal equipment that replaces or support circulatory or respiratory functions. See N.Y. Education Law 6630
perfusionist: means a person who is licensed to practice perfusion pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6630
Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Person: means an individual or any corporation, company, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Person: when used in this article means an individual, partnership, corporation, unincorporated association, joint stock association, trust or other group, however organized. See N.Y. Banking Law 635
Person: means any association, corporation, joint stock company, estate, general partnership (including any registered limited liability partnership or foreign limited liability partnership), limited association, limited liability company (including a professional service limited liability company), foreign limited liability company (including a foreign professional service limited liability company), joint venture, limited partnership, natural person, real estate investment trust, business trust or other trust, custodian, nominee or any other individual or entity in its own or any representative capacity. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Person: means any individual or entity. See N.Y. Penal Law 187.00
Person: means any person, firm, corporation, co-partnership, association, co-operative corporation or unincorporated co-operative association. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Person: means any person, firm, corporation, co-partnership, association, co-operative corporation or unincorporated co-operative association. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 258-BB
Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, municipality, or other legal entity. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
person: includes a partnership, corporation, or an association. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
person who is patronized: means the person with whom the defendant engaged in sexual conduct or was to have engaged in sexual conduct pursuant to the understanding, or the person who was solicited or requested by the defendant to engage in sexual conduct. See N.Y. Penal Law 230.02
personal needs: means needs such as, but not limited to, food, clothing, shelter, health care, and safety. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Personal property: All property that is not real property.
pet: means any dog or cat, and shall also mean any other domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for such other domesticated animal. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 350
Pet Dealer: means any person who engages in the sale or offering for sale of more than nine animals per year for profit to the public. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 400
Pharmacy intern: means a person practicing under a limited permit pursuant to section sixty-eight hundred six of this title. See N.Y. Education Law 6842
physical coercion: means to place under duress, menace, or threaten physical violence or imprisonment. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
physician: means a practitioner of medicine licensed to practice medicine pursuant to article one hundred thirty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 6540
physician: means a practitioner of medicine licensed to practice medicine pursuant to article one hundred thirty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 6547
physician: means a practitioner of medicine licensed to practice medicine pursuant to article one hundred thirty-one of this title. See N.Y. Education Law 8850
physician assistant: means a person who is licensed as a physician assistant pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6540
Pilum ballistic knife: means any knife which has a blade which can be projected from the handle by hand pressure applied to a button, lever, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
Plan: means the county and municipal agricultural and farmland protection plan as provided for in this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
Plant: includes the site, structure, building and equipment and all real and personal property in connection therewith, whether or not in existence, and may include any road, railroad, or utility or equipment appurtenant thereto. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Plant: shall mean real property, the buildings, improvements and structures thereon and the fixtures thereon other than machinery or equipment used by a project occupant in its operations. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
Pollution control facilities: shall mean real or personal property having to do with, or the end purpose of which, is the control, abatement or prevention of land, sewer, water, air, thermal, radiational, noise or general environmental pollution resulting from the operation of an industrial, manufacturing or research plant. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
population: shall mean the number of people in the particular taxing jurisdiction as shown by the latest federal census. See N.Y. Tax Law 1215
Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
Preauthorized electronic fund transfers: An EFT authorized in advance to recur at substantially regular intervals. ^{Source: OCC}
Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
Precursor: means any chemical reactant that takes part at any stage in the production by whatever method of a toxic chemical, including any key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system, and includes precursors which have been identified for application of verification measures under article VI of the convention in schedules contained in the annex on chemicals of the chemical weapons convention. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Preferred lender list: shall mean a list of one or more recommended or suggested lending institutions that a covered institution makes available for use, in print or any other medium or form, by borrowers, potential borrowers or others. See N.Y. Education Law 620
Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
Premium finance agency: means :

(a) a person engaged, in whole or in part, in the business of entering into premium finance agreements with insureds, including a bank if so engaged; or

(b) a person engaged, in whole or in part, in the business of acquiring premium finance agreements from insurance agents or brokers or other premium finance agencies, including a bank if so engaged and an insurance agent or broker who is licensed as a premium finance agency and who holds premium finance agreements made and delivered by insureds to him or his order. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Premium finance agreement: means a promissory note or other written agreement by which an insured promises or agrees to pay to, or to the order of, either a premium finance agency or an insurance agent or broker the amount advanced or to be advanced under the agreement to an authorized insurer or to an insurance agent or broker in payment of premiums on an insurance contract, together with a service charge as authorized and limited by law. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Present teacher: shall mean any teacher who was a teacher on or before the first day of August, nineteen hundred twenty-one, whose membership in the retirement system created by this article has been continuous and

a. See N.Y. Education Law 501
President: shall mean the president of the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 601
President: shall mean the president of the corporation. See N.Y. Education Law 651
President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
Pretrial conference: A meeting of the judge and lawyers to discuss which matters should be presented to the jury, to review evidence and witnesses, to set a timetable, and to discuss the settlement of the case.
Principal place of business: means the office location designated by the licensee from which the person directs, controls, and coordinates his or her professional services. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
Private law: A private bill enacted into law. Private laws have restricted applicability, often addressing immigration and naturalization issues affecting individuals.
Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
Probate: Proving a will
Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
Processing: means extracting, preparing, treating, modifying, compounding, manufacturing or otherwise manipulating cannabinoid hemp to concentrate or extract its cannabinoids, or creating product, whether in intermediate or final form, used for human consumption. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
Processing of hemp in connection with its growing and cultivation: means the growing, cultivation, cloning, harvesting, drying, curing, grinding and trimming of hemp plants. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 505
Producer: means a person producing milk. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Profession: includes any practice as an attorney and counselor-at-law, or as a licensed physician, and those occupations designated in title eight of the education law. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Profession: includes any practice as an attorney and counsellor-at-law, or as a licensed physician, and those professions designated in title eight of the education law. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1525
Professional judgment: means professional decision-making by a licensed pharmacist, including, but not limited to, such activities as:

a. See N.Y. Education Law 6842
Professional service: means any type of service to the public which may be lawfully rendered by a member of a profession within the purview of his or her profession. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Professional service: means any type of service to the public which may be lawfully rendered by a member of a profession within the purview of his profession. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1525
Professional service corporation: means a corporation organized under this article. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1501
Program: shall mean the New York Higher Education Loan Program established by this article. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Program: shall mean the New York state college choice tuition savings program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Program: means the state agricultural and farmland protection program created pursuant to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
Program manager: shall mean a financial organization selected by the comptroller to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Program manager: shall mean a financial organization selected by the comptroller to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
project: shall mean , with respect to an educational facilities capital plan, (a) the performance, at a specified educational facility, of one or more program elements, as defined in paragraph a, b, c or d of subdivision two of section twenty-five hundred ninety-p of this article; or (b) the performance of the program elements defined in paragraphs f and g of such subdivision or any system replacement identified in paragraph e of such subdivision. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Project: shall mean (i) the construction of a new industrial or manufacturing plant, a new research and development building or other new eligible business facility, (ii) the acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement of a former or existing industrial or manufacturing plant, of a former or existing building to be used for research and development, of a former or existing other eligible business facility, (iii) the construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement of pollution control facilities, (iv) the purchase of machinery and equipment, for which financial assistance from the authority is sought, or (v) assistance to employees under an employee ownership assistance loan agreement made pursuant to subtitle six of this title; provided, however, that any such plant, building, facility or machinery and equipment therefore shall not be primarily used in making retail sales of goods or services to customers who personally visit such facilities to obtain such goods or services, or used primarily as a hotel, apartment house or other place of business which furnishes dwelling space or accommodations to either residents or transients. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Project cost: includes all reasonable and necessary costs to be incurred in the course of an eligible project, including any anticipated acquisition, construction, land acquisition, improvements, equipment, pertinent rights and easements, and associated technical, engineering, legal and financial services. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1836-B
Project cost: shall mean the aggregate costs incurred to finance the construction, acquisition, rehabilitation, or improvement of a project, and which are determined by the authority to be or to have been reasonably necessary therefor, including, without intending thereby to limit the generality of such costs: the cost of acquiring real property therefor; the cost of constructing or reconstructing buildings and improvements thereon, including, to the extent such costs are not borne by the municipality or other taxing district within which the project is located, the cost of constructing means of access to and from such project; the cost of constructing extensions to the project site of existing utility systems if such costs are customarily borne by the consumer; insurance premiums, financing charges, interest costs, commitment fees and the like incurred prior to or during the period of construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement; any fees or charges imposed by the authority in respect of an application for a mortgage loan; the cost of preparing project specifications, maps, plans, surveys, estimates, applications and other documents, including costs related to determination of the feasibility of the project in the planning stages; and all such other costs, charges, fees, and expenses, including labor costs, overhead costs, the costs of materials and supplies, and engineering, accounting and legal expenses, as may be reasonably incident to the construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement of the project; provided, however, that the term "project cost" except when used in subtitle III of this title shall not include the cost of any machinery or equipment (other than fixtures) or personal property to be used by the project occupant in its operations or any expenses related to the installation, replacement or rehabilitation thereof. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Project occupant: shall mean the business enterprise which proposes to use a project after construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
property management: means taking actions to obtain, administer, protect, and dispose of real and personal property, intangible property, business property, benefits, and income and to deal with financial affairs. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 81.03
Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
Public agency: shall mean the family court, the division for youth or the local social services district. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
Public or private agencies: means any department, division, bureau, or program of the federal or state government, or local governments, public benefit corporations, private non-profit organizations, or educational institutions. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 282
Public or private agency: shall mean any agency of federal, state or local government, regional market authority, public benefit corporation, not-for-profit corporation, cooperative corporation or educational institution. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
Publisher: means any publishing house, publishing firm, or publishing company that publishes textbooks and supplemental materials. See N.Y. Education Law 720
Pupil: means a child for whom transportation aid is paid and who lives more than one and one-half miles from the school which he or she attends, measured by the nearest available road to such school, or a child who lives more than one mile from an approved route, measured by the nearest available road to such route, and also lives more than one and one-half miles from the school which he or she attends. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
Pupil: means a resident of the state of New York who has been enrolled full-time in a nonpublic school and whose parents' combined taxable income is less than five thousand dollars. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Purchaser: means a person who buys or has bought a New York instrument from an uninsured transmitter of money or agent thereof. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
pure honey: as used in this article , shall mean the nectar of flowers that has been transformed by, and is the natural product of the honey-bee, taken from the honeycomb and marketed in a liquid, candied or granulated condition. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 205
Qualified expenses: shall mean any qualified disability expense included in paragraph (5) of subsection (e) of section 529A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any regulations promulgated thereunder. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
Qualified higher education expenses: shall mean any qualified higher education expense included in section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Qualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account to pay the qualified higher education expenses of the designated beneficiary of the account at an eligible educational institution. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Queen: shall mean the single reproductive female in a colony of honey bees. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 173-A
Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
Radiation: shall mean all ionizing radiation above background levels or any non-ionizing radiation used in diagnostic imaging or in radiation oncology. See N.Y. Education Law 8701
Radiological physics: shall mean diagnostic radiological physics, therapeutic radiological physics or radiation oncology physics, medical nuclear physics and medical health physics. See N.Y. Education Law 8701
Radiological procedure: shall mean any test, measurement, calculation or radiation exposure for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition of a human, including therapeutic radiation, diagnostic imaging and measurements, and nuclear medicine procedures. See N.Y. Education Law 8701
Rapid-fire modification device: means any bump stock, trigger crank, binary trigger system, burst trigger system, or any other device that is designed to accelerate the rate of fire of a semi-automatic firearm, rifle or shotgun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
Real property: shall mean lands, waters, rights in lands or waters, structures, franchises and interests in land, including lands under water and riparian rights, and any and all other things and rights usually included within the said term and includes also any and all interests in such property less than full title, such as easements permanent or temporary, rights-of-way, uses, leases, licenses and all other incorporeal hereditaments in every estate, interest or right, legal or equitable. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
refrigerated warehouse: shall mean any establishment or structure, or portion thereof, where space is rented or hired for the storage of food at or below the temperature of forty-five degrees Fahrenheit for more than thirty days. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
refrigeration: shall mean the storage or keeping of articles of food in a refrigerated warehouse at or below a temperature above zero of forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 230
region: shall include a county through which the Erie Canal passes in whole or in part. See N.Y. Canal Law 139-A
Regional or joint transportation system: means a transportation system in which a school district participates pursuant to a contract executed in accordance with paragraph h of subdivision twenty-five of section seventeen hundred nine of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
Registered mortgage loan originator: means any individual who:

(a) Meets the definition of mortgage loan originator and is an employee of:

(i) a depository institution;

(ii) a subsidiary that is owned and controlled by a depository institution and regulated by a federal banking agency; or

(iii) an institution regulated by the Farm Credit Administration; and

(b) Is registered with, and maintains a unique identifier through, the NMLSR. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
registered voter: shall mean an elector of the city of New York under the election law. See N.Y. Education Law 2590-A
Regular school year: means all of the months of the calendar year exclusive of July and August. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Rehabilitation facility: means a facility, operated for the principal purpose of assisting in the rehabilitation of handicapped persons and

a. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
Rent regulated tenant: shall mean a person occupying a housing accommodation or any lawful successor to the tenancy which is subject to the regulations and control of residential rents and evictions pursuant to the emergency housing rent control law, the local emergency housing rent control act, the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four, the New York city rent and rehabilitation law or the New York city rent stabilization law of nineteen hundred sixty-nine, and such person is either a party to a lease or rental agreement for such housing accommodation, a statutory tenant or a person who lawfully occupies such housing accommodation with such party to a lease or rental agreement or with such statutory tenant. See N.Y. Penal Law 241.00
Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
representative: shall mean any person or entity engaging in any activity in this state for or on behalf of a foreign banking corporation, provided that such activity is not otherwise permitted by law. See N.Y. Banking Law 221-B
Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
Reserves: means the aggregate total of capital, advance premiums, assessments and retained earnings of the fund. See N.Y. Banking Law 420
Residential mortgage loan: shall mean a loan to a natural person made primarily for personal, family or household use, secured by either a mortgage, deed of trust or other equivalent consensual security interest on a dwelling (as defined in section 1203(v) of the Truth in Lending Act) or residential real property or any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property and shall include any refinance or modification of any such existing loan. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Residential mortgage loan: means a loan or agreement to extend credit, including the renewal, refinancing or modification of any such loan, made to a person, which loan is primarily secured by either a mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien upon any interest in residential real property or any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and a proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property. See N.Y. Penal Law 187.00
Residential real property: shall mean real property located in this state improved by a one-to-four family residence or residential unit in a building used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but shall not refer to unimproved real property upon which such residence is to be constructed. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
Residential real property: means real property improved by a one-to-four family dwelling, or a residential unit in a building including units owned as condominiums or on a cooperative basis, used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but shall not refer to unimproved real property upon which such dwellings are to be constructed. See N.Y. Penal Law 187.00
Respondent: shall mean a person accused of a violation who has entered an institution's judicial or conduct process. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
Retirement allowance: shall mean the pension plus the annuity. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Retirement board: shall mean the retirement board provided by section five hundred four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Retirement fund: shall mean the state teachers' retirement fund for public school teachers of the state of New York as created by chapter one hundred forty of the laws of nineteen hundred ten, chapter four hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eleven, chapter forty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fourteen, chapter one hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred nineteen and chapter one hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-three. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Retirement system: shall mean the New York state teachers' retirement system provided for in section five hundred two of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Revenue sharing: shall mean any arrangement whereby a lending institution pays a covered institution or an affiliated entity or organization of such covered institution a percentage of the principal of each loan directed towards the lending institution from a borrower at the covered institution. See N.Y. Education Law 620
revised unfunded accrued liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iii) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Rifle: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger using either: (a) fixed metallic cartridge; or (b) each projectile and explosive charge are loaded individually for each shot discharged. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). ^{Source: OCC}
Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
Route: means a highway or highways over and upon which a school bus regularly travels in accordance with a schedule maintained for the transportation of pupils from their homes to school. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
Sado-masochistic abuse: means the conduct defined in subdivision five of section 235. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
safe deposit box: means a vault, safe deposit box or other receptacle. See N.Y. Banking Law 332
salary: means all amounts paid by or for the state as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee holding a position with the state university or by or for a community college as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee holding a position at such college. See N.Y. Education Law 390
salary: means that amount fixed by or pursuant to law and paid by or for an employer to an employee as compensation for services rendered by the employee to the employer. See N.Y. Education Law 398
salary: shall mean the amount of compensation that is to be paid to a teacher for services rendered during the full ten months period that the public schools of the district are required by law to be in session during any school year. See N.Y. Education Law 3101
salary: means all amounts paid by or for the city of New York as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
Savings agreement: shall mean an agreement between the comptroller or a financial organization and the account owner. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 84.03
School bus: means any vehicle or other means of conveyance used for the purpose of transporting pupils. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
School district: means common school districts, to the extent that they provide transportation of students in grades seven through twelve to a school outside the district, consolidated school districts, central school districts, central high school districts, union free school districts, except special act school districts as defined in section four thousand one of this chapter, and city school districts. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
school district: shall mean any common, union free, central, central high or city school district, or a board of cooperative educational services. See N.Y. Education Law 1980
School district of origin: shall mean the public school district of which a child was or is a resident at the time of such child's placement in the care and custody of a public agency. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
School district of residence: shall mean the public school district in which the child was or is living at the time a public agency is considering placement of the child in a child care institution, or at the time a child is placed with the division for youth. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
Select chemical agent: shall mean a chemical weapon which has been identified in regulations promulgated pursuant to subdivision twenty of § 206 of the public health law. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Semiautomatic: means any repeating rifle, shotgun or pistol, regardless of barrel or overall length, which utilizes a portion of the energy of a firing cartridge or shell to extract the fired cartridge case or spent shell and chamber the next round, and which requires a separate pull of the trigger to fire each cartridge or shell. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
senior college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered by the board of trustees, including, but not limited to, a professional or graduate institution, an institution for research, an administrative institution, and, except as otherwise provided, Medgar Evers college, New York city college of technology (formerly known as "New York city technical college" and "New York city community college"), and the college of Staten Island, but not including a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
Serialized: means bearing a visible identification number and/or symbol in accordance with the requirements imposed on licensed importers and licensed manufacturers pursuant to subsection (i) of Section 923 of Title 18 of the United States Code and regulations issued pursuant thereto in effect at the time of assembly, except for antique firearms as defined in subdivision fourteen of this section, as added by chapter nine hundred eighty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred seventy-four, or any firearm, rifle or shotgun manufactured prior to nineteen hundred sixty-eight. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Serious offense: means (a) any of the following offenses defined in the current penal law and any offense in any jurisdiction or the former penal law that includes all of the essential elements of any of the following offenses: illegally using, carrying or possessing a pistol or other dangerous weapon; possession of burglar's tools; criminal possession of stolen property in the third degree; escape in the third degree; jostling; fraudulent accosting; endangering the welfare of a child; obscenity in the third degree; issuing abortional articles; permitting prostitution; promoting prostitution in the third degree; stalking in the fourth degree; stalking in the third degree; sexual misconduct; forcible touching; sexual abuse in the third degree; sexual abuse in the second degree; criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree; criminally possessing a hypodermic instrument; criminally using drug paraphernalia in the second degree; criminal possession of methamphetamine manufacturing material in the second degree; and a hate crime defined in article four hundred eighty-five of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Service: shall mean actual teaching or supervision by the teacher during regular school hours of the day, and shall mean governmental service in the state of New York in another capacity where the teacher was a member of the New York state employees retirement system, and where such service was credited to the teacher in the said New York state employees retirement system. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
Sexual conduct: means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, oral sexual conduct, anal sexual conduct, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sado-masochistic abuse, or lewd exhibition of the genitals. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
Sexual performance: means any performance or part thereof which, for purposes of section 263. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
Shotgun: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive to fire through a smooth or rifled bore either a number of ball shot or a single projectile for each single pull of the trigger using either: (a) a fixed shotgun shell; or (b) a projectile or number of ball shot and explosive charge are loaded individually for each shot discharged. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
silvopasturing: shall mean the intentional combination of trees, forages and livestock managed as a single integrated practice for the collective benefit of each, including the planting of appropriate grasses and legume forages among trees for sound grazing and livestock husbandry. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Simulated: means the explicit depiction of any of the conduct set forth in subdivision three of this section which creates the appearance of such conduct and which exhibits any uncovered portion of the breasts, genitals or buttocks. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
Small business: means a business which is independently owned and operated, and which is not dominant in the field of operation. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1695
Soil and water conservation district: means an entity as defined in subdivision one of § 3 of the soil and water conservation districts law. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 322
Special act school district: shall mean those school districts enumerated in chapter five hundred sixty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty-seven as amended. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
specialist assistant: means a person who is registered pursuant to this article as a specialist assistant for a particular medical specialty as defined by regulations promulgated by the commissioner of health pursuant to § 3711 of the public health law. See N.Y. Education Law 6547
Specific public benefit: includes :

(1) providing low-income or underserved individuals or communities with beneficial products or services;

(2) promoting economic opportunity for individuals or communities beyond the creation of jobs in the normal course of business;

(3) preserving the environment;

(4) improving human health;

(5) promoting the arts, sciences or advancement of knowledge;

(6) increasing the flow of capital to entities with a public benefit purpose; and

(7) the accomplishment of any other particular benefit for society or the environment. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
Sports contest: means any professional or amateur sport or athletic game or contest viewed by the public. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
Sports official: means any person who acts or expects to act in a sports contest as an umpire, referee, judge or otherwise to officiate at a sports contest. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
Sports participant: means any person who participates or expects to participate in a sports contest as a player, contestant or member of a team, or as a coach, manager, trainer or other person directly associated with a player, contestant or team. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
State: means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U. See N.Y. Education Law 7401-A
State: shall mean the state of New York. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
State agency: shall mean any officer, department, board, commission, bureau, division, public corporation, agency or instrumentality of the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
state university: means the state university of New York and the term "community college" means a college established and operated under article one hundred twenty-six of this chapter. See N.Y. Education Law 390
State university health care facility: shall mean a hospital, as defined in § 2801 of the public health law, operated by the state university, or a clinic, as defined in subdivision six of this section, of a state university health sciences center at Brooklyn, Buffalo, Stony Brook and Syracuse, or the College of Optometry. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
Storage: means any school bus garage facilities or sites which may be approved by the commissioner. See N.Y. Education Law 3621
Storage: shall mean a facility or equipment with a refrigerated, controlled atmosphere, or other enclosed unit used for the purpose of long-term storage of farm and food products in connection with a farmers' market. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 260
Store: means an individual business establishment at one location including a grocery store, hotel, restaurant, soda fountain, dairy products store, automatic milk vending machine, gasoline station or a similar mercantile establishment offering goods and/or services at retail to individual consumers. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 253
Student: shall mean any individual who is enrolled at least half-time, as defined by the commissioner, in a two year, four year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program at an eligible college. See N.Y. Education Law 690
Subject corporation: means a corporation that is participating in a procedure pursuant to which all of the outstanding shares of one or more classes of such corporation are being acquired by an acquiring corporation. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 913
Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
Subsidiary: when used in this article, means (a) any company ten per centum or more of whose voting stock is directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by a bank holding company; or (b) any company the election of a majority of whose directors is controlled in any manner by a bank holding company; or (c) any company ten per centum or more of whose voting stock is directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the stockholders or members of a bank holding company; or (d) any company at least ten per centum of the voting stock of which is directly or indirectly, or through a subsidiary or subsidiaries, owned, controlled or held with power to vote by a combination of a bank holding company and by a trustee or trustees for the benefit of the stockholders or members of such bank holding company. See N.Y. Banking Law 141
subsidiary: when used in this article, shall each have the same meaning specified in section one hundred forty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
Subsidiary trust company: when used in this article, means a trust company which is subject to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
Substantial handicap to employment: means that a physical or mental disability (in the light of attendant medical, psychological, vocational, educational, cultural, social or environmental factors) impedes an individual's occupational performance, by preventing his obtaining, retaining, or preparing for a gainful occupation consistent with his capacities and abilities. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
Superintendent: means the superintendent of financial services. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
Supplemental materials: means materials that supplement the primary textbook or textbooks that come in the form of another book, online technologies, a workbook, CD-ROM, or any other format, and that can be used by a faculty member or a student during the teaching of a course. See N.Y. Education Law 720
supported decision-making: means a way by which a decision-maker utilizes support from trusted persons in their life, in order to make their own decisions about their life, including, but not limited to, decisions related to where and with whom the decision-maker wants to live; decisions about finances; the services, supports, and health care the decision-maker wants to receive; and where the decision-maker wants to work. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
supported decision-making agreement: is a n agreement a decision-maker enters into with one or more supporters under this section that describes how the decision-maker uses supported decision-making to make their own decisions. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Supported employment: means paid competitive work performed by individuals with severe disabilities who require intensive support services to obtain such employment and extended support to sustain such employment, and which is performed in an integrated setting which provides regular interactions with individuals who do not have disabilities, other than paid caregivers. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Supported employment services: means support services needed by individuals with severe disabilities to obtain and sustain supported employment. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
supporter: means an adult who has voluntarily entered into a supported decision-making agreement with a decision-maker, agreeing to assist the decision-maker in making their own decisions as prescribed by the supported decision-making agreement, and who is not ineligible under section 82. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Surrogate decision-making committee: means a committee of at least twelve persons established pursuant to section 80. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 80.03
Surviving corporation: means the constituent corporation into which one or more other constituent corporations are merged. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 901
Switchblade knife: means any knife which has a blade which opens automatically by hand pressure applied to a button, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Takeover bid: means the acquisition of or offer to acquire by an offeror from an offeree, pursuant to a tender offer or request or invitation for tenders, any equity security of a target company, if after acquisition thereof the offeror would, directly or indirectly, be a beneficial owner of more than five percent of any class of the issued and outstanding equity securities of such target company. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1601
Target company: means a corporation, organized under the laws of this state and having its principal executive offices or significant business operations located within this state. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1601
Taxable income: means the amount of combined net taxable income, if any, of both parents computed in accordance with the provisions of § 611 of the tax law computed without the benefit of the modification of federal adjusted gross income for nonpublic school tuition pursuant to paragraph (14) of subsection (c) of § 612 of the tax law, for the year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Teacher: shall mean any regular teacher, special teacher, including any school librarian or physical training teacher, principal, vice-principal, supervisor, supervisory principal, director, superintendent, city superintendent, assistant city superintendent, district superintendent and other member of the teaching or professional staff of any class, public school, vocational school, truant reformatory school or parental school, and of any or all classes of schools within the state of New York, including schools on the Indian reservation, conducted under the order and superintendence of and wholly or partly at the expense of the New York state education department or of a duly elected board of education, board of school directors or board of trustees of the state or of any city or school district thereof, provided that no person shall be deemed a teacher within the meaning of this article who is not so employed for full time outside vacation periods. See N.Y. Education Law 501
Teachers: shall mean all full-time members of the teaching and supervisory staff of each school district of the state, including, if employed in such district, the superintendent of schools, associate, district or other superintendents, members of the board of examiners, directors, inspectors, supervisors, principals, administrative assistants, first assistants, teachers, school psychologists, social workers in a city having a population of over one million, lecturers and special instructors, except employees holding the positions enumerated in subdivisions one and two of section thirty-one hundred six of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 3101
Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
Tenancy by the entirety: A type of joint tenancy between husband and wife that is recognized in some States. Neither party can sever the joint tenancy relationship; when a spouse dies, the survivor acquires full title to the property.
test: means any test that is given in New York at the expense of the test subject and designed for use and used in the process of selection for post-secondary or professional school admissions. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Test agency: means any organization, association, corporation, partnership, or individual or person that develops, sponsors or administers a test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Test form: means the test booklet or instrument used for each part of each test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Test subject: means an individual to whom a test is administered. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Test year: means the twelve-month period commencing September first during which the test agency administers a particular test. See N.Y. Education Law 340
Testate: To die leaving a will.
Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
Testify: Answer questions in court.
Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
Textbook: means any textbook that is adopted for a course, as determined by the faculty member or members or entity charged with choosing that textbook. See N.Y. Education Law 720
Third-party standard: means a recognized standard for defining, reporting and assessing general public benefit that is:

(1) developed by a person that is independent of the benefit corporation; and

(2) transparent because the following information about the standard is publicly available:

(A) the factors considered when measuring the performance of a business;

(B) the relative weightings of those factors; and

(C) the identity of the persons who developed and control changes to the standard and the process by which those changes are made. See N.Y. Business Corporation Law 1702
Title III: means Title III of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, United States Pub. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
Title IX Coordinator: shall mean the Title IX Coordinator and/or his or her designee or designees. See N.Y. Education Law 6439
Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
Toxic chemical: means any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, serious physical injury or permanent harm to humans or animals, including all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere, and includes toxic chemicals which have been identified by the commissioner of health and included on the list of toxic chemicals pursuant to subdivision twenty of § 206 of the public health law. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Toxin: means the toxic material of plants, animals, micro-organisms, viruses, fungi, or infectious substances, or a recombinant molecule, whatever its origin or method of production, including:

(a) any poisonous substance or biological product that may be engineered as a result of biotechnology produced by a living organism; or

(b) any poisonous isomer or biological product, homolog, or derivative of such a substance. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
Transmitter of money: means a licensee, as such term is defined in subdivision two of section six hundred forty of this chapter, a bank, trust company, private banker, savings bank and savings and loan association, a credit union, foreign banking corporation licensed pursuant to article two of this chapter and any investment company which either directly or through agents transacts the business in this state of selling or issuing New York instruments. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
Trigger crank: means any device or instrument that repeatedly activates the trigger of a semi-automatic firearm, rifle or shotgun through the use of a lever or other part that is turned in a circular motion and thereby accelerates the rate of fire of such firearm, rifle or shotgun, provided, however, that "trigger crank" shall not include any weapon initially designed and manufactured to fire through the use of a crank or lever. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
True bill: Another word for indictment.
Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
Trust office: when used in this article with respect to a subsidiary trust company, means an office of the subsidiary trust company maintained for the purpose of conducting its business. See N.Y. Banking Law 150
Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
Trustor: The person who makes or creates a trust. Also known as the grantor or settlor.
Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
Tuition: means the amount actually paid by a parent for the enrollment of a pupil at a nonpublic school for the calendar year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Education Law 561
Tuition: shall mean the per pupil cost of all instructional services, supplies and equipment, and the operation of instructional facilities as determined by the commissioner. See N.Y. Education Law 4001
tuition: as used in this article and in the provisions of chapter ten hundred sixty of the laws of nineteen hundred seventy-four shall mean the per pupil cost of all instructional services, supplies, equipment and the operation of instructional facilities as determined by the commissioner. See N.Y. Education Law 4211
Tuition savings agreement: shall mean an agreement between the comptroller or a financial organization and the account owner. See N.Y. Education Law 695-B
Undetectable knife: means any knife or other instrument, which does not utilize materials that are detectable by a metal detector or magnetometer when set at a standard calibration, that is capable of ready use as a stabbing or cutting weapon and was commercially manufactured to be used as a weapon. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
undue influence: means moral or mental coercion that leads someone to carry out the wishes of another instead of their own because they are unable to refuse or resist. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 82.02
Unfinished frame or receiver: means any unserialized material that does not constitute the frame or receiver of a firearm, rifle or shotgun but that has been shaped or formed in any way for the purpose of becoming the frame or receiver of a firearm, rifle or shotgun, and which may readily be made into a functional frame or receiver through milling, drilling or other means. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
Uninsured transmitter of money: means a transmitter of money other than a banking organization, whose New York instruments are uninsured by a federal insuring agency. See N.Y. Banking Law 653
Unique identifier: means a number or other identifier assigned by protocols established by the NMLSR. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
University centers: shall mean the university centers at Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo and Stony Brook. See N.Y. Education Law 350
Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
Used for human consumption: means intended by the manufacturer or distributor to be: (a) used for human consumption for its cannabinoid content; or (b) used in, on or by the human body for its cannabinoid content. See N.Y. Cannabis Law 90
User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
Vector: means a living organism, or molecule, including a recombinant molecule, or biological product that may be engineered as a result of biotechnology, capable of carrying a biological agent or toxin to a host. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
Viable agricultural land: means land highly suitable for a farm operation as defined in this section. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 301
Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
Vocational rehabilitation services: means :

a. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
voluntary agency: means a corporation organized or existing pursuant to the not-for-profit corporation law for the purpose of providing local services. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 41.03
Voting shareholders: means those shareholders of the NYSBIC or the NYSSBIC that contribute to the capitalization and ongoing funding of the investment companies. See N.Y. Banking Law 228-B
ward: means a beneficiary of the administration. See N.Y. Mental Hygiene Law 79.01
Without authorization: means to use or to access a computer, computer service or computer network without the permission of the owner or lessor or someone licensed or privileged by the owner or lessor where such person knew that his or her use or access was without permission or after actual notice to such person that such use or access was without permission. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
Workplace literacy and basic skills education: means those common branch skills and English-as-a-second-language skills that are directly related to the ability to perform occupational tasks. See N.Y. Education Law 5100
Workshop: means a place where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on and which is operated for the principle purpose of providing gainful employment to severely handicapped persons (a) as an interim step in the rehabilitation process for those who cannot be absorbed in the competitive labor market; or (b) during such time as employment opportunities for them in the competitive labor market do not exist. See N.Y. Education Law 1002
Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
Year of service: shall mean the number of years which a teacher has served in the school district in which he is employed including the year for which a determination for salary purposes is made. See N.Y. Education Law 3101

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