Terms Used In Hawaii Revised Statutes > Chapter 560 > Article IV - Foreign Personal Representatives; Ancillary Administration

• Acquire: means gain ownership of. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Assault pistol: means a semiautomatic pistol that accepts a detachable magazine and has two or more of the following characteristics:
  (1) An ammunition magazine that attaches to the pistol outside of the pistol grip;
  (2) A threaded barrel capable of accepting a barrel extender, flash suppressor, forward hand grip, or silencer;
  (3) A shroud that is attached to or partially or completely encircles the barrel and permits the shooter to hold the firearm with the second hand without being burned;
  (4) A manufactured weight of fifty ounces or more when the pistol is unloaded;
  (5) A centerfire pistol with an overall length of twelve inches or more; or
  (6) It is a semiautomatic version of an automatic firearm;

  but does not include a firearm with a barrel sixteen or more inches in length, an antique pistol as defined in this section, or a curio or relic as those terms are used in 18 United States Code § 921(a)(13) or 27 C. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1

• Assembly: means the fabrication of a firearm or the fitting together of component parts to construct a firearm. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attack: means any attack or series of attacks by anyone causing, or which may cause, damage or injury to persons or property in the United States in any manner by the use of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosives, firearms, cyber, or other weapons or processes; and any form of hostile action. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Automatic firearm: means any firearm that shoots, is designed to shoot, or can be readily modified to shoot automatically more than one shot, without a manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Bona fide prospective purchaser: means a person (or a tenant of a person) who acquires ownership of a facility after October 1, 2009, and establishes each of the following by a preponderance of the evidence:

  (1) All disposal of hazardous substances at the facility occurred before the person acquired the facility;

  (2) The person carried out all appropriate inquiries when, on or before the date on which the person acquired the facility:

  (A) The person made all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the facility in accordance with generally accepted good commercial and customary standards and practices in accordance with subparagraphs (B) and (C);

  (B) The standards and practices referred to in 42 United States Code § 9601(35)(B)(ii) and (iv) and Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 312 are used unless the director requires otherwise by rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91; and

  (C) In the case of property in residential use or other similar use at the time of purchase by a nongovernmental or noncommercial entity, a facility inspection and title search that reveal no basis for further investigation shall be considered to satisfy the requirements of this paragraph;

  (3) The person provides all legally required notices with respect to the discovery or release of any hazardous substances at the facility;

  (4) The person exercises appropriate care with respect to hazardous substances found at the facility by taking reasonable steps to:

  (A) Stop any continuing release;

  (B) Prevent any threatened future release; and

  (C) Prevent or limit human, environmental, or natural resource exposure to any previously released hazardous substance;

  (5) The person provides full cooperation, assistance, and access to persons who are authorized to conduct response actions or natural resource restoration at a vessel or facility (including the cooperation and access necessary for the installation, integrity, operation, and maintenance of any complete or partial response actions or natural resource restoration at the vessel or facility);

  (6) The person:

  (A) Is in compliance with any land use restrictions established or relied on in connection with the response action at a vessel or facility; and

  (B) Does not impede the effectiveness or integrity of any institutional control employed at the vessel or facility in connection with a response action;

  (7) The person complies with any request for information or administrative subpoena issued by the President of the United States under 42 United States Code Chapter 103, by the director under chapter 128D, or issued by any state or federal court; and

  (8) The person is not:

  (A) Potentially liable, or affiliated with any other person who is potentially liable, for response costs at a facility through:

  (i) Any direct or indirect familial relationship; or

  (ii) Any contractual, corporate, or financial relationship (other than a contractual, corporate, or financial relationship that is created by the instruments by which title to the facility is conveyed or financed or by a contract for the sale of goods or services); or

  (B) The result of a reorganization of a business entity that was potentially liable. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1

• CERCLA: means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, P. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Chief of police: means the chief of police of the counties of Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, or the city and county of Honolulu. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Clean Water Act: means the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, P. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• commission: means the liquor commission of each county. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 244D-1
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Concealed: means , in relation to a firearm, that the firearm is entirely hidden from view of the public and not discernible by ordinary observation, in a manner that a reasonable person without law enforcement training would be unable to detect the presence of the firearm. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contractual relationship: means relationships involving land contracts, deeds or other instruments transferring title or possession. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Council: means the county council of each county concerned. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 248-1
• county: includes the city and county of Honolulu. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-22
• County: means any of the political subdivisions of the State, including the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai and the city and county of Honolulu, but does not include the county of Kalawao. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Crime of violence: means :
  (1) Any offense under federal or state law or the law of another state, a United States territory, or the District of Columbia that has as an element of the offense the:

  (A) Injury or threat of injury to the person of another; or

  (B) Use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another or the creation of a substantial risk of causing bodily injury;
  (2) Reckless endangering in the second degree under section 707-714;
  (3) Terroristic threatening in the second degree under section 707-717;
  (4) Sexual assault in the fourth degree under section 707-733 ;
  (5) Endangering the welfare of a minor in the second degree under section 709-904;
  (6) Endangering the welfare of an incompetent person under section 709-905;
  (7) Harassment under section 711-1106(1)(a);
  (8) Harassment by stalking under section 711-1106. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Criminal offense relating to firearms: means :
  (1) Any criminal offense under this chapter punishable as a misdemeanor;
  (2) Criminally negligent storage of a firearm under section 707-714. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dealer: means the holder of a manufacturer's license, wholesaler's license, brewpub's license, winery's license, or small craft producer's license under the liquor law. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 244D-1
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Department: means the department of taxation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1
• Department: means the department of health. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Department: means the department of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 453D-1
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Director: means the state director of finance unless otherwise stated or indicated in context. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 248-1
• Director: means the director of law enforcement. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Director: means the director of health. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Director: means the director of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 453D-1
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Environment: means any waters, including surface water, ground water, or drinking water supply, any land surface or any subsurface strata, or any ambient air within the State of Hawaii or under the jurisdiction of the State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Facility: means any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly owned treatment works), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, landfill, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft, or any site or area where a hazardous substance or pollutant or contaminant has been deposited, stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise comes to be located; but does not include any consumer product in consumer use. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Firearm: means any weapon, for which the operating force is an explosive, including but not limited to pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, automatic firearms, noxious gas projectors, mortars, bombs, and cannon. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Firearm receiver: includes any object or part that is not a firearm frame or receiver in finished form but that is designed or intended to be used for that purpose and may readily be made into a firearm frame or receiver through milling or other means. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fugitive from justice: means any person (1) who has fled from any state, territory, the District of Columbia, or possession of the United States, to avoid prosecution for a felony or to avoid giving testimony in any criminal proceeding or (2) who has fled from any country other than the United States and is avoiding lawful extradition back to that country. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Fund: means the environmental response revolving fund. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Hazardous substance: includes any substance designated pursuant to section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Clean Water Act; any element, compound, mixture, solution, or substance designated pursuant to section 102 of CERCLA; any hazardous waste having the characteristics identified under or listed pursuant to section 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act; any toxic pollutant listed under section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act; any hazardous air pollutant listed under section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Homeland security: means a concerted effort to:
  (1) Prevent terrorist attacks within the United States;
  (2) Reduce the State's vulnerability to attacks and terrorist activities; and
  (3) Minimize the damage and recover from attacks that occur. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• interoperable communications: means the ability of first responder and emergency management agencies to communicate with one another via communication systems, including exchanging voice and data with one another on demand, in real time, when needed, and as authorized. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-11
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Lessor: means any person in the business of providing rental motor vehicles to the public. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensed mental health counselor: means a person:

  (1) Who engages in the practice of mental health counseling and uses the title of licensed mental health counselor;

  (2) Who has been issued a license under this chapter; and

  (3) Whose license is in effect and not revoked or suspended. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 453D-1

• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Liquor law: means chapter 281. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 244D-1
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• month: means a calendar month; and the word "year" a calendar year. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-20
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• National contingency plan: means the national contingency plan published under section 311(d) of the Clean Water Act or revised pursuant to section 105 of CERCLA. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Natural resources: means land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, ground water, drinking water supplies, and other such resources belonging to, managed by, held in trust by, appertaining to, or otherwise controlled by the State of Hawaii, any county, or by the United States to the extent that the latter are subject to state law. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Necessary: means any methods, measures, or other actions or determinations as are needed in the opinion of the governor, or the governor's authorized representative, or a mayor, or a mayor's authorized representative. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Oil: means oil of any kind or in any form, including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, oil mixed with wastes, crude oil or any fraction or residue. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• operator: means :

  (1) In the case of a vessel, any person owning, operating, or chartering by demise the vessel;

  (2) In the case of an onshore facility or an offshore facility, any person owning or operating the facility; and

  (3) In the case of any facility, title or control of which was conveyed due to bankruptcy, foreclosure, tax delinquency, abandonment, or similar means to a unit of a state or local government, any person who owned, operated, or otherwise controlled activities at the facility immediately beforehand. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1

• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means an individual, partnership, society, unincorporated association, joint adventure, group, hui, joint stock company, corporation, trustee, or other fiduciary, or other entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 244D-1
• Person: means any individual, firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, commercial entity, state, county, commission, political subdivision of the State, or, to the extent they are subject to this chapter, the United States or any interstate body. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Pollutant or contaminant: means any element, substance, compound, or mixture, which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any organism either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations, in such organisms or their offspring. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Prospective purchaser: means a prospective owner, operator, tenant, developer, lender, or any other party who would not otherwise be liable under § 128D-6, prior to a voluntary response action being conducted. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-32
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Release: means any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of any hazardous substance or pollutant or contaminant into the environment, (including the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous substance or pollutant or contaminant); but excludes:

  (1) Any release which results in exposure of persons solely within a workplace, with respect to a claim which such exposed persons may assert against their employer;

  (2) Emissions from the engine exhaust of a motor vehicle, rolling stock, aircraft, vessel, or pipeline pumping station engine;

  (3) Release of source, byproduct, or special nuclear material from a nuclear incident, as those terms are defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1

• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• remedial action: means those actions consistent with permanent correction taken instead of or in addition to removal actions in the event of a release or threatened release of a hazardous substance or pollutant or contaminant into the environment, to prevent or minimize the release of hazardous substances so that they do not migrate to cause substantial danger to present or future public health or welfare or the environment. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• removal action: means the cleanup of released hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants from the environment, such actions as may be necessary to take in the event of the threat of release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants into the environment, such actions as may be necessary to monitor, assess, and evaluate the release or threat of release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants, the disposal of removed material, or the taking of such other actions as may be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage to the public health or welfare or to the environment, which may otherwise result from a release or threat of release. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Requesting party: means the person or persons submitting an application to conduct a voluntary response action. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-32
• response: means remove, removal, remedy, or remedial action; and all such terms include government enforcement activities related thereto. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• revolver: means any firearm of any shape with a barrel less than sixteen inches in length and capable of discharging loaded ammunition or any noxious gas. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Sale: means any transfer of title or possession, or both, exchange or barter, in any manner or by any means whatsoever, for a consideration. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 244D-1
• Semiautomatic: means the mode of operation by which a firearm uses the energy of the explosive in a fixed cartridge to extract a fired cartridge and chamber a fresh cartridge with each single pull of a trigger. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 134-1
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• State on-scene coordinator: means the state official designated by the department of health to coordinate and direct responses under this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• States: includes the several states of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the possessions and territories of the United States. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128A-2
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Surcharge tax: means the rental motor vehicle and tour vehicle surcharge tax established under this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tour vehicle: means any vehicle, including vans, minibuses, and buses used for the purpose of transporting persons for pleasure or sightseeing trips, or transporting persons to pleasure or sightseeing cruises or destinations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1
• Tour vehicle operator: means a person who owns, manages, or dispatches tour vehicles. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• university: refers to the University of Hawaii, unless otherwise required by the context. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 304A-101
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• vehicle: means every vehicle which is:

  (1) Self-propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power but which is not operated upon rails which is rented or leased or offered for rent or lease in this State, whether for personal or commercial use, for a period of six months or less; and

  (2) Designed to carry seventeen passengers or fewer. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 251-1

• Vessel: means every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-1
• Voluntary response action: means a response conducted voluntarily by a requesting party. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 128D-32