Michigan Laws > Chapter 451 > Act 551 of 2008 > Article 5 – Fraud and Liabilities
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 451 > Act 551 of 2008 > Article 5 - Fraud and Liabilities
- Administrator: means the office of financial and insurance regulation of the department of energy, labor, and economic growth. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Agent: means an individual other than a broker-dealer who represents a broker-dealer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of securities or represents an issuer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of the issuer's securities. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Broker-dealer: means a person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the account of others or for the person's own account. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- defraud: include , but are not limited to, common law deceit. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Department: means the department of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 287.1002
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- Dog: means an animal of the species Canisfamiliaris or Canislupusfamiliaris. See Michigan Laws 287.1002
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Expert on wolf-dog cross identification: means an individual who has, cumulatively, no fewer than 10 years of training and field experience in wolf and wolf-dog cross behavioral and morphological characteristics and who is recognized as an expert at the state and national levels by others in the same field. See Michigan Laws 287.1002
- Facility: means an indoor or outdoor cage, pen, or similar enclosure where a wolf-dog cross is kept. See Michigan Laws 287.1002
- Federal covered investment adviser: means a person registered under the investment advisers act of 1940. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Federal covered security: means a security that is, or upon completion of a transaction will be, a covered security under section 18(b) of the securities act of 1933, 15 USC 77r, or rules or regulations adopted under that provision. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Filing: means the receipt under this act of a record by the administrator or a designee of the administrator. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Finder: means a person who, for consideration, participates in the offer to sell, sale, or purchase of securities by locating, introducing, or referring potential purchasers or sellers. See Michigan Laws 451.2102
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
- Investment adviser: means a person that, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities or that, for compensation and as a part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities. See Michigan Laws 451.2102a
- Investment adviser representative: means an individual employed by or associated with an investment adviser or federal covered investment adviser and who makes any recommendations or otherwise gives investment advice regarding securities, manages accounts or portfolios of clients, determines which recommendation or advice regarding securities should be given, provides investment advice or holds himself or herself out as providing investment advice, receives compensation to solicit, offer, or negotiate for the sale of or for selling investment advice, or supervises employees who perform any of the foregoing. See Michigan Laws 451.2102a
- Issuer: means a person that issues or proposes to issue a security, subject to the following:
(i) The issuer of a voting trust certificate, collateral trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, or share in an investment company without a board of directors or individuals performing similar functions, is the person performing the acts and assuming the duties of depositor or manager pursuant to the trust or other agreement or instrument under which the security is issued. See Michigan Laws 451.2102aLaw enforcement officer: means :
(i) A sheriff or sheriff's deputy. See Michigan Laws 287.1002Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Livestock: means that term as defined in section 3 of the animal industry act, 1988 PA 466, MCL 287. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Local unit: means a city, village, township, or county. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Permit: means a permit issued under section 4. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Permitting agency: means the agency of a local unit that issues permits under section 4. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, association, joint venture, or government; a governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; a public corporation; or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 451.2102b Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law. Sale: includes every contract of sale, contract to sell, or disposition of, a security or interest in a security for value, and "offer to sell" includes every attempt or offer to dispose of, or solicitation of an offer to purchase, a security or interest in a security for value. See Michigan Laws 451.2102c Securities and exchange commission: means the United States securities and exchange commission. See Michigan Laws 451.2102c Security: means a note; stock; treasury stock; security future; bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in a profit-sharing agreement; collateral trust certificate; preorganization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on a security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities, including an interest in or based on the value of that put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on that security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency; an investment in a viatical or life settlement agreement; or, in general, an interest or instrument commonly known as a "security"; or a certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing. See Michigan Laws 451.2102c Self-regulatory organization: means a national securities exchange registered under the securities exchange act of 1934, a national securities association of broker-dealers registered under the securities exchange act of 1934, a clearing agency registered under the securities exchange act of 1934, or the municipal securities rule-making board established under the securities exchange act of 1934. See Michigan Laws 451.2102c State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 451.2102c state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Veterinarian: means a person licensed to practice veterinary medicine under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 287.1002 Wolf-dog cross: means a canid resulting from the breeding of any of the following:
(i) A wolf with a dog. See Michigan Laws 287.1002