Minnesota Statutes > Chapter 10 – Multiple Branches or Offices; Observances

		Sections
STATE OBSERVANCES		10.50 – 10.597
PUBLIC WEBSITES AND PUBLICATIONS		10.60 – 10.65
§ 10.01	Space for Constitutional Offices; Additional Duties
§ 10.09	Officers Appointed by Governor, Terms
§ 10.30	Employees Compensation Revolving Fund Reimbursement
§ 10.37	Holding Two Appointive Offices
§ 10.43	Telephone Use; Approval
§ 10.44	Budgets; How Treated
§ 10.45	Budgets; Information
§ 10.46	Telephone Records Public
§ 10.47	Telephone Service; Oversight
§ 10.49	Naming

Terms Used In Minnesota Statutes > Chapter 10 - Multiple Branches or Offices; Observances

abode: means domicile;

(2) "action" means any proceeding in any court of this state;

(3) "adult" means an individual 18 years of age or over;

(4) "as now provided by law" means a reference to the laws in force at the time the law containing the phrase was finally enacted;

(5) "as provided by law" means a reference to the laws in force at the particular time the law containing the phrase is applied;

(6) "attorney at law" means an individual admitted to practice law by a court of record of this state;

(7) "attorney of record" means an attorney at law who is entered on the docket or record of a court as appearing for or representing a party in a legal proceeding;

(8) "child" or "children" includes children by birth or adoption;

(9) "day" comprises the time from midnight to the next midnight;

(10) "fiscal year" means the year by or for which accounts are reckoned;

(11) "hereafter" means a reference to the time after the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

(12) "heretofore" means a reference to the time previous to the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

(13) "judicial sale" means a sale conducted by an officer or person authorized for the purpose by some competent tribunal;

(14) "minor" means an individual under the age of 18 years;

(15) "money" means lawful money of the United States;

(16) "night time" means the time from sunset to sunrise;

(17) "non compos mentis" refers to an individual of unsound mind;

(18) "notary" means a notary public;

(19) "now" in any provision of a law referring to other laws in force, or to persons in office, or to any facts or circumstances as existing, relates to the laws in force, or to the persons in office, or to the facts or circumstances existing, respectively, on the effective date of such provision;

(20) "verified" when used in reference to writings, means supported by oath or affirmation. See Minnesota Statutes 645.45
Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
Adult: means an individual 18 years of age or older. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
Agent: means any individual who is engaged by a livestock dealer to act as the dealer's representative. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Agricultural alcohol gasoline: means a gasoline-ethanol blend satisfying the provisions of section 239. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Aircraft: means any contrivance, now or hereafter invented, used or designed for navigation of or flight in the air. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Alternative fuel: means natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas; hydrogen; coal-derived liquefied fuels; electricity; methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; mixtures containing 85 percent or more, or other percentage as may be set by regulation by Secretary of the United States Department of Energy, by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels; fuels other than alcohol that are derived from biological materials; and other fuels that the Secretary of the United States Department of Energy determines by regulation to be an alternative fuel within the meaning of section 301(2) of the National Energy Policy Act of 1992 and intended for use in motor vehicles. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
Appraisal: A determination of property value.
Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
ASTM: means the American Society for Testing and Materials, which is a private organization that utilizes committees of industry representatives and regulators to develop product quality standards and test methods to be used by industries, regulatory agencies, and purchasing agents. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
Aviation gasoline: means any gasoline that is used to produce or generate power for propelling internal combustion engine aircraft. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
Bequest: Property gifted by will.
Bulk purchaser: means any person not principally engaged in buying and selling petroleum products or combustible gases who receives special fuel for storage and subsequent delivery into the supply tank of an aircraft or a licensed motor vehicle operated by the person. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
bulk storage facility: means a single property, or contiguous or adjacent properties used for a common purpose and owned or operated by the same person, on or in which are located one or more stationary tanks that are used singularly or in combination for the storage or containment of more than 1,100 gallons of petroleum. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
Chambers: A judge's office.
Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
children: includes children by birth or adoption;

(9) "day" comprises the time from midnight to the next midnight;

(10) "fiscal year" means the year by or for which accounts are reckoned;

(11) "hereafter" means a reference to the time after the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

(12) "heretofore" means a reference to the time previous to the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

(13) "judicial sale" means a sale conducted by an officer or person authorized for the purpose by some competent tribunal;

(14) "minor" means an individual under the age of 18 years;

(15) "money" means lawful money of the United States;

(16) "night time" means the time from sunset to sunrise;

(17) "non compos mentis" refers to an individual of unsound mind;

(18) "notary" means a notary public;

(19) "now" in any provision of a law referring to other laws in force, or to persons in office, or to any facts or circumstances as existing, relates to the laws in force, or to the persons in office, or to the facts or circumstances existing, respectively, on the effective date of such provision;

(20) "verified" when used in reference to writings, means supported by oath or affirmation. See Minnesota Statutes 645.45
CNG: means natural gas, primarily methane, condensed under high pressure and stored in specially designed storage tanks at between 2,000 and 3,600 pounds per square inch. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Commercial unit: means a unit of goods that by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of lease and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture or the commissioner's representative. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Commissioner: means the commissioner of revenue or any person to whom the commissioner has delegated functions under this chapter. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Commissioner: means the commissioner of revenue. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
Consumer lease: means a lease that a lessor regularly engaged in the business of leasing or selling makes to a lessee who is an individual and who takes under the lease primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose, if the total payments to be made under the lease contract, excluding payments for options to renew or buy, do not exceed $25,000. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
Dealer: means any person, except a distributor, engaged in the business of buying and selling gasoline and other petroleum products in this state. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Dealer of aviation gasoline: means any person who sells gasoline on the premises of an airport as defined under section 360. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Decedent: A deceased person.
Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
Department: means the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
Devise: To gift property by will.
Disclaimer statement: means a written statement that is part of or separate from the lease contract that discloses all warranties and other rights provided to the lessee by the lessor and supplier in connection with the lease contract and informs the lessee in a conspicuous manner that there are no warranties or other rights provided to the lessee by the lessor and supplier other than those disclosed in the statement. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
Distributor: means any person who (1) receives petroleum products in this state for storage and subsequent distribution by tank car or tank truck or both, (2) produces, manufactures, or refines petroleum products in this state, or (3) imports petroleum products into this state via boat, barge, or pipeline for storage and subsequent delivery at or further transportation from boat, barge, or pipe line terminals in this state. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
Dyed fuel: means motor fuel to which indelible dye has been added, either before or upon withdrawal at a terminal or refinery rack, and which may be sold for exempt purposes. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
EPA: means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
ETBE: means ethyl tertiary butyl ether, or the equivalent term tert-butyl ethyl ether. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
Federal gross estate: means the gross estate of a decedent as required to be valued and otherwise determined for federal estate tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code, increased by the value of any property in which the decedent had a qualifying income interest for life and for which an election was made under section 291. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
Finance lease: means a lease in which

(1) the lessor does not select, manufacture, or supply the goods,

(2) the lessor acquires the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods in connection with the lease, and

(3) either

(i) the lessee receives a copy of the contract evidencing the lessor's purchase of the goods or a disclaimer statement on or before signing the lease contract, or

(ii) the lessee's approval of the contract evidencing the lessor's purchase of the goods or a disclaimer statement is a condition to effectiveness of the lease contract. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
For use in motor vehicles: means for use in producing or generating power for propelling motor vehicles on the public highways of this state or in machinery operated on the public highways of this state for the purpose of constructing, reconstructing, or maintaining those public highways. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
Gasoline: means :

(1) all products commonly or commercially known or sold as gasoline regardless of their classification or uses, except casinghead gasoline, absorption gasoline, condensation gasoline, drip gasoline, or natural gasoline that under the requirements of section 239. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Gasoline blended with ethanol: means a gasoline-ethanol blend satisfying the provisions of section 239. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
Goods: means all things that are movable at the time of identification to the lease contract, or are fixtures (section 336. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
Gross estate: The total fair market value of all property and property interests, real and personal, tangible and intangible, of which a decedent had beneficial ownership at the time of death before subtractions for deductions, debts, administrative expenses, and casualty losses suffered during estate administration.
Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
Highway: means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when part of the way is open for the public. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Holiday: includes New Year's Day, January 1; Martin Luther King's Birthday, the third Monday in January; Washington's and Lincoln's Birthday, the third Monday in February; Memorial Day, the last Monday in May; Juneteenth, June 19; Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, the first Monday in September; Indigenous Peoples Day, the second Monday in October; Veterans Day, November 11; Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November; and Christmas Day, December 25; provided, when New Year's Day, January 1; or Juneteenth, June 19; or Independence Day, July 4; or Veterans Day, November 11; or Christmas Day, December 25; falls on Sunday, the following day shall be a holiday and, provided, when New Year's Day, January 1; or Juneteenth, June 19; or Independence Day, July 4; or Veterans Day, November 11; or Christmas Day, December 25; falls on Saturday, the preceding day shall be a holiday. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
Internal Revenue Code: means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended through May 1, 2023. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
Kerosene: means a refined petroleum distillate consisting of a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons essentially free of water, inorganic acidic and basic compounds, and excessive amounts of particulate contaminants and that meets the specifications in ASTM specification D3699-08. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
Lease: means a transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term in return for consideration, but a sale, including a sale on approval or a sale or return, or retention or creation of a security interest is not a lease. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
Lease agreement: means the bargain, with respect to the lease, of the lessor and the lessee in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances including course of dealing or usage of trade or course of performance as provided in this article. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Lease contract: means the total legal obligation that results from the lease agreement as affected by this article and any other applicable rules of law. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Leasehold interest: means the interest of the lessor or the lessee under a lease contract. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
Lessee: means a person who acquires the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Lessor: means a person who transfers the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
Licensed motor vehicle: means (1) any vehicle subject to a motor vehicle registration in which the power is produced with any fuel in an internal combustion engine, and (2) any motor vehicle not subject to a motor vehicle registration on which is mounted a corn shelling, feed grinding, well drilling, or sawing machine. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
Livestock: means cattle, sheep, swine, horses intended for slaughter, mules, farmed Cervidae, as defined in section 35. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Livestock dealer: means any person, including a packing company, engaged in the business of buying or selling livestock on a regular basis for the person's own account or for the account of others. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Livestock market agency: means any person who sells consigned livestock for the account of others, but does not include an occasional or special event or disposal sale. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
livestock scale: means a scale equipped with stock racks and gates and adapted to weighing single or multiple heads of livestock standing on the scale platform, and "monorail scale" means a scale, also called an abattoir scale, a track scale, or a rail scale, the load receiving element of which is part of a monorail conveyor system and which is used primarily for the weighing of livestock carcasses. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
LNG: means natural gas, primarily methane, which has been condensed through a cryogenic cooling process and is stored in special pressurized and insulated storage tanks. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Marine gasoline: means gasoline used in producing and generating power for propelling motorboats used on the waters of this state. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Minnesota gross estate: means the federal gross estate of a decedent after (a) excluding therefrom any property included in the estate which has its situs outside Minnesota, and (b) including any property omitted from the federal gross estate which is includable in the estate, has its situs in Minnesota, and was not disclosed to federal taxing authorities. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Minor: means an individual under the age of 18. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed; and "year" is equivalent to the expression "year of our Lord. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
Motor fuel: means a liquid or gaseous form of fuel, regardless of its composition or properties, used to propel a motor vehicle. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Motor vehicle gasoline excise tax: means the tax imposed on gasoline used in producing and generating power for propelling motor vehicles used on the public highways of this state. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
MTBE: means methyl tertiary butyl ether, or the equivalent term tert-butyl methyl ether. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
Nonethanol oxygenate: means ETBE or MTBE, as defined in this section, or other alcohol or ether, except denatured ethanol, that is approved as an oxygenate by the EPA. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Nonresident decedent: means an individual whose domicile at the time of death was not in Minnesota. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Oath: includes "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases "swear" includes "affirm" and "sworn" "affirmed. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
Pass-through entity: includes the following:

(i) an entity electing S corporation status under section 1362 of the Internal Revenue Code;

(ii) an entity taxed as a partnership under subchapter K of the Internal Revenue Code;

(iii) a single-member limited liability company or similar entity, regardless of whether it is taxed as an association or is disregarded for federal income tax purposes under 26 C. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Passenger snowmobile: means a self-propelled vehicle designed for travel on snow or ice, steered by skis or runners, with an enclosed passenger section that provides seating for not less than four nor more than 12 passengers. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Per stirpes: The legal means by which the children of a decedent, upon the death of an ancestor at a level above that of the decedent, receive by right of representation the share of the ancestor
Person: means any individual, firm, trust, estate, partnership, association, cooperative association, joint stock company or corporation, public or private, or any representative appointed by order of any court; or an officer or employee of a corporation, or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee, or member is under a duty to perform any act prescribed by this chapter. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Personal property: All property that is not real property.
Personal representative: means the executor, administrator or other person appointed by the court to administer and dispose of the property of the decedent. See Minnesota Statutes 291.005
Petroleum distillate: means a hydrocarbon or group of hydrocarbon compounds that have been extracted from petroleum crude oil by a distillation process involving evaporation by heating, and subsequent condensation by cooling. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Petroleum products: means all of the products defined in subdivisions 2, 7, 8, 8a, 8b, 10, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22 to 26, 28, 32, and 35. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Petroleum residual: means a heavy hydrocarbon or group of heavy hydrocarbon compounds that do not evaporate during a distillation process. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
Probate: Proving a will
propane: means a product made of short hydrocarbon chains and containing primarily propane and butane that is stored in specialized tanks at moderate pressure. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
public highways: includes bridges. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
Public stockyard: means an assembly point operated as a public livestock market for livestock producers, feeders, market agencies and buyers; providing the services and facilities for loading and unloading, yarding and sale of all classes of livestock, for individuals or organizations granted the privilege of the market by the management of the public stockyards. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Public waters: means public waters as defined in section 103G. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
Purchase: includes taking by sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, pledge, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in goods. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Ranking minority member: The highest ranking (and usually longest serving) minority member of a committee or subcommittee.
Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
seal: includes an impression thereof upon the paper alone, as well as an impression on a wafer, wax, or other substance thereto attached. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
slaughtering houses: means places of business where livestock purchased or acquired is slaughtered. See Minnesota Statutes 17A.03
Small business: means a business entity organized for profit, including but not limited to any individual, partnership, corporation, joint venture, association or cooperative, which entity:

(1) is not an affiliate or subsidiary of a business dominant in its field of operation; and

(2) has 20 or fewer full-time employees; or

(3) in the preceding fiscal year has not had more than the equivalent of $1,000,000 in annual gross revenues; or

(4) if the business is a technical or professional service, shall not have had more than the equivalent of $2,500,000 in annual gross revenues in the preceding fiscal year. See Minnesota Statutes 645.445
Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
Special fuel: means :

(1) all combustible gases and liquid petroleum products or substitutes including undyed diesel fuel, except gasoline, gasoline blended with ethanol, and agricultural alcohol gasoline which are delivered into the supply tank of a licensed motor vehicle or into storage tanks maintained by an owner or operator of a licensed motor vehicle as a source of supply for such vehicle;

(2) all combustible gases and liquid petroleum products or substitutes, except gasoline, gasoline blended with ethanol, and agricultural alcohol gasoline, when delivered to a licensed special fuel dealer or to the retail service station storage of a distributor who has elected to pay the special fuel excise tax as provided in this chapter;

(3) all combustible gases and liquid petroleum products or substitutes, except gasoline, which are used as aviation fuel; or

(4) dyed fuel that is being used illegally in a licensed motor vehicle. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Special fuel dealer: means any person engaged in the business of selling and delivering special fuel into the supply tank of an aircraft or a licensed motor vehicle. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
Sublease: means a lease of goods the right to possession and use of which was acquired by the lessor as a lessee under an existing lease. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
Supplier: means a person from whom a lessor buys or leases goods to be leased under a finance lease. See Minnesota Statutes 336.2A-103
terminal: means any petroleum refinery, pipeline terminal, river terminal, storage facility, or other point of origin where petroleum products are manufactured, or imported by rail, truck, barge, or pipe; and held, stored, transferred, offered for distribution, distributed, offered for sale, or sold. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Testate: To die leaving a will.
Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
Testify: Answer questions in court.
Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
Use in licensed motor vehicles: means use in producing or generating power for propelling licensed motor vehicles on the public highways of this state. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
verified: when used in reference to writings, means supported by oath or affirmation. See Minnesota Statutes 645.45
Violate: includes failure to comply with. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
Waters of this state: means any waters capable of substantial beneficial public use and any waters to which the public has access, which are within the territorial limits of this state including boundary waters. See Minnesota Statutes 296A.01
Wetlands: means lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44