Terms Used In Ohio Code > Chapter 107 - Governor

• Additional claim: means the first claim for benefits filed following any separation from employment during a benefit year; "continued claim" means any claim other than the first claim for benefits and other than an additional claim. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• age: means an individual aged forty years or older. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Aggrieved person: includes both of the following:

  (a) Any person who claims to have been injured by any unlawful discriminatory practice described in division (H) of section 4112. See Ohio Code 4112.01

• Agricultural tractor: means every self-propelling vehicle designed or used for drawing other vehicles or wheeled machinery but having no provision for carrying loads independently of such other vehicles, and used principally for agricultural purposes. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• agriculture: includes farming; ranching; aquaculture; algaculture meaning the farming of algae; apiculture and related apicultural activities, production of honey, beeswax, honeycomb, and other related products; horticulture; viticulture, winemaking, and related activities; animal husbandry, including, but not limited to, the care and raising of livestock, equine, and fur-bearing animals; poultry husbandry and the production of poultry and poultry products; dairy production; the production of field crops, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, nursery stock, ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees, flowers, sod, or mushrooms; timber; pasturage; any combination of the foregoing; the processing, drying, storage, and marketing of agricultural products when those activities are conducted in conjunction with, but are secondary to, such husbandry or production; and any additions or modifications to the foregoing made by the director of agriculture by rule adopted in accordance with Chapter 119 of the Revised Code. See Ohio Code 1.61
• Alcohol: means ethyl alcohol, whether rectified or diluted with water or not, whatever its origin may be, and includes synthetic ethyl alcohol. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Alcohol concentration: means the concentration of alcohol in a person's blood, breath, or urine. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Alien: means , for the purposes of division (A)(1)(d) of this section, an individual who is an alien admitted to the United States to perform service in agricultural labor pursuant to sections 214 (c) and 101 (a)(15)(H) of the "Immigration and Nationality Act" 66 Stat. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Alley: means a street or highway intended to provide access to the rear or side of lots or buildings in urban districts and not intended for the purpose of through vehicular traffic, and includes any street or highway that has been declared an "alley" by the legislative authority of the municipal corporation in which such street or highway is located. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Alternate employer organization: means a sole proprietor, partnership, association, limited liability company, or corporation that enters into an agreement with one or more client employers for purposes of providing human resource management services and sharing employer responsibility and liability. See Ohio Code 4133.01
• Alternate employer organization agreement: means a written contract between a client employer and an alternate employer organization to provide human resource management services and to share employer responsibilities and liabilities. See Ohio Code 4133.01
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• American employer: means an employer who is an individual who is a resident of the United States; or a partnership, if two-thirds or more of the partners are residents of the United States; or a trust, if all of the trustees are residents of the United States; or a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, provided the term "United States" includes the states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Annual payroll: means the total amount of wages subject to contributions during a twelve-month period ending with the last day of the second calendar quarter of any calendar year. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Another: when used to designate the owner of property which is the subject of an offense, includes not only natural persons but also every other owner of property. See Ohio Code 1.02
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• anything of value: includes :

  (A) Money, bank bills or notes, United States treasury notes, and other bills, bonds, or notes issued by lawful authority and intended to pass and circulate as money;

  (B) Goods and chattels;

  (C) Promissory notes, bills of exchange, orders, drafts, warrants, checks, or bonds given for the payment of money;

  (D) Receipts given for the payment of money or other property;

  (E) Rights in action;

  (F) Things which savor of the realty and are, at the time they are taken, a part of the freehold, whether they are of the substance or produce thereof or affixed thereto, although there may be no interval between the severing and taking away;

  (G) Any interest in realty, including fee simple and partial interests, present and future, contingent or vested interests, beneficial interests, leasehold interests, and any other interest in realty;

  (H) Any promise of future employment;

  (I) Every other thing of value. See Ohio Code 1.03

• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Assurance organization: means an independent and qualified entity approved by the administrator of workers' compensation to certify the qualifications of a professional employer organization or professional employer organization reporting entity. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• At retail: means for use or consumption by the purchaser and not for resale. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Average annual payroll: means the average of the last three annual payrolls of an employer, provided that if, as of any computation date, the employer has had less than three annual payrolls in such three-year period, such average shall be based on the annual payrolls which the employer has had as of such date. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Average weekly wage: means the amount obtained by dividing an individual's total remuneration for all qualifying weeks during the base period by the number of such qualifying weeks, provided that if the computation results in an amount that is not a multiple of one dollar, such amount shall be rounded to the next lower multiple of one dollar. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bailiff: a court officer who enforces the rules of behavior in courtrooms.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Base period: means the first four of the last five completed calendar quarters immediately preceding the first day of an individual's benefit year, except as provided in division (Q)(2) of this section. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Battery electric motor vehicle: means a passenger car powered wholly by a battery cell energy system that can be recharged via an external source of electricity. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Beacon: means a highway traffic signal with one or more signal sections that operate in a flashing mode. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Beer: includes all beverages brewed or fermented wholly or in part from malt products and containing one-half of one per cent or more of alcohol by volume. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Benefit rights: means the weekly benefit amount and the maximum benefit amount that may become payable to an individual within the individual's benefit year as determined by the director. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Benefits: means money payments payable to an individual who has established benefit rights, as provided in this chapter, for loss of remuneration due to the individual's unemployment. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Bicycle: means every device, other than a device that is designed solely for use as a play vehicle by a child, that is propelled solely by human power upon which a person may ride, and that has two or more wheels, any of which is more than fourteen inches in diameter. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Bicycle: means every device, other than a device that is designed solely for use as a play vehicle by a child, that is propelled solely by human power upon which a person may ride, and that has two or more wheels, any of which is more than fourteen inches in diameter. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Bond: includes an undertaking. See Ohio Code 1.02
• Burial lot: means any lot for the burial of deceased persons within any public burial ground or cemetery, including, but not limited to, cemeteries owned and operated by municipal corporations, townships, or companies or associations incorporated for cemetery purposes. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Bus: means any motor vehicle that has motor power and is designed and used for carrying more than nine passengers, except any motor vehicle that is designed and used for carrying not more than fifteen passengers in a ridesharing arrangement. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Bus: means every motor vehicle designed for carrying more than nine passengers and used for the transportation of persons other than in a ridesharing arrangement, and every motor vehicle, automobile for hire, or funeral car, other than a taxicab or motor vehicle used in a ridesharing arrangement, designed and used for the transportation of persons for compensation. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Business district: means the territory fronting upon a street or highway, including the street or highway, between successive intersections within municipal corporations where fifty per cent or more of the frontage between such successive intersections is occupied by buildings in use for business, or within or outside municipal corporations where fifty per cent or more of the frontage for a distance of three hundred feet or more is occupied by buildings in use for business, and the character of such territory is indicated by official traffic control devices. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Calendar quarter: means the period of three consecutive calendar months ending on the thirty-first day of March, the thirtieth day of June, the thirtieth day of September, and the thirty-first day of December, or the equivalent thereof as the director prescribes by rule. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• cancellation: means the annulment or termination by the bureau of motor vehicles of a driver's license, commercial driver's license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege because it was obtained unlawfully, issued in error, altered, or willfully destroyed, or because the holder no longer is entitled to the license, permit, or privilege. See Ohio Code 4510.01
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cash remuneration: means all remuneration paid in cash, including commissions and bonuses, but not including the cash value of all compensation in any medium other than cash. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Certification mark: means a mark used in connection with the goods or services of a person other than the certifier to indicate geographic origin, material, mode of manufacture, quality, accuracy, or other characteristics of the goods or services or to indicate that the work or labor on the goods or services was performed by members of a union or other organization. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Certified nurse practitioner: means an advanced practice registered nurse who holds a current, valid license issued under Chapter 4723 of the Revised Code and is designated as a certified nurse practitioner in accordance with section 4723. See Ohio Code 1.64
• Certified nurse-midwife: means an advanced practice registered nurse who holds a current, valid license issued under Chapter 4723 of the Revised Code and is designated as a certified nurse-midwife in accordance with section 4723. See Ohio Code 1.64
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Chauffeured limousine: means a motor vehicle that is designed to carry nine or fewer passengers and is operated for hire pursuant to a prearranged contract for the transportation of passengers on public roads and highways along a route under the control of the person hiring the vehicle and not over a defined and regular route. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Child: includes child by adoption. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Child: includes a posthumous child and a child legally adopted prior to the injury. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Cider: means all liquids fit to use for beverage purposes that contain one-half of one per cent of alcohol by volume, but not more than six per cent of alcohol by weight, and that are made through the normal alcoholic fermentation of the juice of sound, ripe apples, including, without limitation, flavored, sparkling, or carbonated cider and cider made from pure condensed apple must. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Claim for benefits: means a claim for waiting period or benefits for a designated week. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Client employer: means a sole proprietor, partnership, association, limited liability company, or corporation that enters into a professional employer organization agreement and is assigned shared employees by the professional employer organization. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Client employer: means a sole proprietor, partnership, association, limited liability company, or corporation that enters into an alternate employer organization agreement and shares employer responsibility and liability with the alternate employer organization. See Ohio Code 4133.01
• Climber: includes any person entering a climbing facility as an invitee, whether or not the person pays consideration to enter. See Ohio Code 4175.01
• Climbing facility: means a facility or premises used by the public not located in an amusement park, carnival, or on public land designed and built for the sport of rock climbing, recreational climbing, or competitive climbing, including ascending, descending, and traversing over simulated rock surfaces that use belay systems in their normal operation. See Ohio Code 4175.01
• Climbing facility operator: means a person who owns, manages, controls, directs, or has operational responsibility for a climbing facility. See Ohio Code 4175.01
• Clinical nurse specialist: means an advanced practice registered nurse who holds a current, valid license issued under Chapter 4723 of the Revised Code and is designated as a clinical nurse specialist in accordance with section 4723. See Ohio Code 1.64
• Club: means a corporation or association of individuals organized in good faith for social, recreational, benevolent, charitable, fraternal, political, patriotic, or athletic purposes, which is the owner, lessor, or occupant of a permanent building or part of a permanent building operated solely for those purposes, membership in which entails the prepayment of regular dues, and includes the place so operated. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Coemploy: means the sharing of the responsibilities and liabilities of being an employer. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Collective mark: means a mark used by members of a cooperative, association, or other collective group or organization to identify goods or services and distinguish them from those of others, or to indicate membership in the collective group or organization. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• commercial motor vehicle: means any motor vehicle designed or used to transport persons or property that meets any of the following qualifications:

  (1) Any combination of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight or combined gross vehicle weight rating of twenty-six thousand one pounds or more, provided the gross vehicle weight or gross vehicle weight rating of the vehicle or vehicles being towed is in excess of ten thousand pounds;

  (2) Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight or gross vehicle weight rating of twenty-six thousand one pounds or more;

  (3) Any single vehicle or combination of vehicles that is not a class A or class B vehicle, but is designed to transport sixteen or more passengers including the driver;

  (4) Any school bus with a gross vehicle weight or gross vehicle weight rating of less than twenty-six thousand one pounds that is designed to transport fewer than sixteen passengers including the driver;

  (5) Is transporting hazardous materials for which placarding is required under subpart F of 49 C. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• Commission: means the Ohio civil rights commission created by section 4112. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Common use areas: means rooms, spaces, or elements inside or outside a building that are made available for the use of residents of the building or their guests, and includes, but is not limited to, hallways, lounges, lobbies, laundry rooms, refuse rooms, mail rooms, recreational areas, and passageways among and between buildings. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Community facility: means either of the following:

  (a) Any convention, sports, or entertainment facility or complex, or any combination of these, that is used by or accessible to the general public and that is owned or operated in whole or in part by the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision of the state or that is leased from, or located on property owned by or leased from, the state, a state agency, a political subdivision of the state, or a convention facilities authority created pursuant to section 351. See Ohio Code 4301.01

• Competitor: means a skier actually engaged in competition, a special event, or training or practicing for competition or a special event in any portion of the area made available by the ski area operator. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Computation date: means the first day of the third calendar quarter of any calendar year. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contribution period: means the calendar year beginning on the first day of January of any year. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Contributions: means the money payments to the state unemployment compensation fund required of employers by section 4141. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Controlled access alcohol and beverage cabinet: means a closed container, either refrigerated, in whole or in part, or nonrefrigerated, access to the interior of which is restricted by means of a device that requires the use of a key, magnetic card, or similar device and from which beer, intoxicating liquor, other beverages, or food may be sold. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Controlled substance: means all of the following:

  (1) Any substance classified as a controlled substance under the "Controlled Substances Act" 80 Stat. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Conviction: means an unvacated adjudication of guilt or a determination that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's appearance in court, a plea of guilty or nolo contendere accepted by the court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended, or probated. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Council office: means the unit of the department of job and family services that staffs the apprenticeship council and performs the administrative and oversight functions concerning this state's registered apprenticeship system. See Ohio Code 4139.01
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County motor vehicle license tax: means a tax imposed by a county pursuant to this chapter. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Crew leader: means an individual who furnishes individuals to perform agricultural labor for any other employer or farm operator, and:

  (a) Pays, either on the individual's own behalf or on behalf of the other employer or farm operator, the individuals so furnished by the individual for the service in agricultural labor performed by them;

  (b) Has not entered into a written agreement with the other employer or farm operator under which the agricultural worker is designated as in the employ of the other employer or farm operator. See Ohio Code 4141.01

• Crosswalk: means :

  (1) That part of a roadway at intersections ordinarily included within the real or projected prolongation of property lines and curb lines or, in the absence of curbs, the edges of the traversable roadway;

  (2) Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere, distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface;

  (3) Notwithstanding divisions (LL)(1) and (2) of this section, there shall not be a crosswalk where local authorities have placed signs indicating no crossing. See Ohio Code 4511.01

• Customer: means an individual who is lawfully on the premises of a retail establishment. See Ohio Code 4173.01
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Day: means calendar day. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• dealer: include all persons and firms that are regularly engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling, displaying, offering for sale, or dealing in motor vehicles, at an established place of business that is used exclusively for the purpose of manufacturing, selling, displaying, offering for sale, or dealing in motor vehicles. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Deputy registrar: means any deputy appointed by the registrar of motor vehicles pursuant to sections 4501. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Directory assistance: means the disclosure by an operator or an automated service, upon request by an individual and that individual's identification of a telephone service subscriber in some manner, of telephone number information pertaining to the identified telephone service subscriber. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Disability: means a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, including the functions of caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working; a record of a physical or mental impairment; or being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Discriminate: includes segregate or separate. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Disqualification: means any of the following:

  (1) The suspension, revocation, or cancellation of a person's privileges to operate a commercial motor vehicle;

  (2) Any withdrawal of a person's privileges to operate a commercial motor vehicle as the result of a violation of state or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control other than parking, vehicle weight, or vehicle defect violations;

  (3) A determination by the federal motor carrier safety administration that a person is not qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under 49 C. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• distributor: means a person engaged in the business of selling to retail dealers for purposes of resale. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Distributor: means any person who is authorized by a motor vehicle manufacturer to distribute new motor vehicles to licensed motor vehicle dealers at an established place of business that is used exclusively for the purpose of distributing new motor vehicles to licensed motor vehicle dealers, except when the distributor also is a new motor vehicle dealer, in which case the distributor may distribute at the location of the distributor's licensed dealership. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Domiciled: means having a true, fixed, principal, and permanent residence to which an individual intends to return. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Downgrade: means any of the following, as applicable:

  (1) A change in the commercial driver's license, or commercial driver's license temporary instruction permit, holder's self-certified status as described in division (A)(1) of section 4506. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• Drive: means to drive, operate, or be in physical control of a motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Driver: means any person who drives, operates, or is in physical control of a commercial motor vehicle or is required to have a commercial driver's license. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Drug of abuse: means any controlled substance, dangerous drug as defined in section 4729. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Dwelling unit: means a single unit of residence for a family of one or more persons. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Educational institution: means an institution other than an institution of higher education as defined in division (Y) of this section, including an educational institution operated by an Indian tribe, which:

  (1) Offers participants, trainees, or students an organized course of study or training designed to transfer to them knowledge, skills, information, doctrines, attitudes, or abilities from, by, or under the guidance of an instructor or teacher; and

  (2) Is approved, chartered, or issued a permit to operate as a school by the state board of education, other government agency, or Indian tribe that is authorized within the state to approve, charter, or issue a permit for the operation of a school. See Ohio Code 4141.01

• Electric bicycle: means a "class 1 electric bicycle" a "class 2 electric bicycle" or a "class 3 electric bicycle" as defined in this section. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Electronic: includes electrical, digital, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or any other form of technology that entails capabilities similar to these technologies. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Electronic certificate of title: means an electronic record stored in the automated title processing system that establishes ownership of a motor vehicle and any security interests that exist on that motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• Electronic device: includes a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, a pager, a computer, and any other device used to input, write, send, receive, or read text. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Electronic motor vehicle dealer: means a motor vehicle dealer licensed under Chapter 4517 of the Revised Code whom the registrar of motor vehicles determines meets the criteria designated in section 4503. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Electronic record: means a record generated, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means for use in an information system or for transmission from one information system to another. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Elevator: includes dumb-waiters other than hand-powered dumb-waiters, escalators, manlifts, moving walks, of the endless belt type, other lifting or lowering apparatus permanently installed on or between rails or guides, and all equipment, machinery, and construction related to any elevator; but does not include construction hoists and other similar temporary lifting or lowering apparatuses, ski lifts, chairlifts installed in a private residence, a lifting device installed in a showroom for demonstration purposes only, traveling, portable amusement rides or devices that are not affixed to a permanent foundation, or nonportable amusement rides or devices that are affixed to a permanent foundation. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Eligible medical condition: means Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, any other inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or any other medical condition that requires immediate access to a toilet facility. See Ohio Code 4173.01
• Eligible unit of local government: means a village, township, or county that has a population of not more than three thousand persons according to the most recent federal census. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Emergency vehicle: means emergency vehicles of municipal, township, or county departments or public utility corporations when identified as such as required by law, the director of public safety, or local authorities, and motor vehicles when commandeered by a police officer. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Employ: means to permit or suffer to work. See Ohio Code 4109.01
• Employee: means an individual employed by any employer but does not include any individual employed in the domestic service of any person. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• employee: includes the following persons when responding to an inherently dangerous situation that calls for an immediate response on the part of the person, regardless of whether the person is within the limits of the jurisdiction of the person's regular employment or voluntary service when responding, on the condition that the person responds to the situation as the person otherwise would if the person were on duty in the person's jurisdiction:

  (i) Off-duty peace officers. See Ohio Code 4123.01

• Employee organization: means any labor or bona fide organization in which public employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with public employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, hours, terms, and other conditions of employment. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Employer: means the state, its political subdivisions, and every person who employs any individual. See Ohio Code 4109.01
• Employer: means the state, any political subdivision of the state, or a person employing four or more persons within the state, and any agent of the state, political subdivision, or person. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Employer: means any person, including the federal government, any state, and a political subdivision of any state, that owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle or assigns a person to drive such a motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Employer: means :

  (a) The state, including state hospitals, each county, municipal corporation, township, school district, and hospital owned by a political subdivision or subdivisions other than the state;

  (b) Every person, firm, professional employer organization, alternate employer organization, and private corporation, including any public service corporation, that (i) has in service one or more employees or shared employees regularly in the same business or in or about the same establishment under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, or (ii) is bound by any such contract of hire or by any other written contract, to pay into the insurance fund the premiums provided by this chapter. See Ohio Code 4123.01

• Employer: means the state, its instrumentalities, its political subdivisions and their instrumentalities, Indian tribes, and any individual or type of organization including any partnership, limited liability company, association, trust, estate, joint-stock company, insurance company, or corporation, whether domestic or foreign, or the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, trustee, or the successor thereof, or the legal representative of a deceased person who subsequent to December 31, 1971, or in the case of political subdivisions or their instrumentalities, subsequent to December 31, 1973:

  (a) Had in employment at least one individual, or in the case of a nonprofit organization, subsequent to December 31, 1973, had not less than four individuals in employment for some portion of a day in each of twenty different calendar weeks, in either the current or the preceding calendar year whether or not the same individual was in employment in each such day; or

  (b) Except for a nonprofit organization, had paid for service in employment wages of fifteen hundred dollars or more in any calendar quarter in either the current or preceding calendar year; or

  (c) Had paid, subsequent to December 31, 1977, for employment in domestic service in a local college club, or local chapter of a college fraternity or sorority, cash remuneration of one thousand dollars or more in any calendar quarter in the current calendar year or the preceding calendar year, or had paid subsequent to December 31, 1977, for employment in domestic service in a private home cash remuneration of one thousand dollars in any calendar quarter in the current calendar year or the preceding calendar year:

  (i) For the purposes of divisions (A)(1)(a) and (b) of this section, there shall not be taken into account any wages paid to, or employment of, an individual performing domestic service as described in this division. See Ohio Code 4141.01

• Employment: includes :

  (a) Service performed after December 31, 1977, by an individual in the employ of the state or any of its instrumentalities, or any political subdivision thereof or any of its instrumentalities or any instrumentality of more than one of the foregoing or any instrumentality of any of the foregoing and one or more other states or political subdivisions and without regard to divisions (A)(1)(a) and (b) of this section, provided that such service is excluded from employment as defined in the "Federal Unemployment Tax Act" 53 Stat. See Ohio Code 4141.01

• Employment agency: includes any person regularly undertaking, with or without compensation, to procure opportunities to work or to procure, recruit, refer, or place employees. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Employment risk reduction standard: means a standard which requires conditions, or the adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes, reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe and healthful employment and places of employment. See Ohio Code 4167.01
• Endorsement: means an authorization on a person's commercial driver's license that is required to permit the person to operate a specified type of commercial motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Enforcement official: means the director of commerce or the director's authorized representative, the superintendent of public instruction or the superintendent's authorized representative, any school attendance officer, any probation officer, the director of health or the director of health's authorized representative, and any representative of a local department of health. See Ohio Code 4109.01
• Enterprise acquisition project: means , as applicable, all or any portion of the capital or other assets of the spirituous liquor distribution and merchandising operations of the division of liquor control, including, without limitation, inventory, real property rights, equipment, furnishings, the spirituous liquor distribution system including transportation, the monetary management system, warehouses, contract rights, rights to take assignment of contracts and related receipts and revenues, accounts receivable, the exclusive right to manage and control spirituous liquor distribution and merchandising and to sell spirituous liquor in the state subject to the control of the division of liquor control pursuant to the terms of the transfer agreement, and all necessary appurtenances thereto, or leasehold interests therein, and the assets and liabilities of the facilities establishment fund. See Ohio Code 4313.01
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Exclusive representative: means the employee organization certified or recognized as an exclusive representative under section 4117. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Explosives: means any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is intended for the purpose of producing an explosion that contains any oxidizing and combustible units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities, or packing that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by percussion, or by a detonator of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects, or of destroying life or limb. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Expressway: means a divided arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access with an excess of fifty per cent of all crossroads separated in grade. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Familial status: means either of the following:

  (a) One or more individuals who are under eighteen years of age and who are domiciled with a parent or guardian having legal custody of the individual or domiciled, with the written permission of the parent or guardian having legal custody, with a designee of the parent or guardian;

  (b) Any person who is pregnant or in the process of securing legal custody of any individual who is under eighteen years of age. See Ohio Code 4112.01

• Family farm corporation: means a corporation founded for the purpose of farming agricultural land in which the majority of the voting stock is held by and the majority of the stockholders are persons or the spouse of persons related to each other within the fourth degree of kinship, according to the rules of the civil law, and at least one of the related persons is residing on or actively operating the farm, and none of whose stockholders are a corporation. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• farm: includes stock, dairy, poultry, fruit, fur-bearing animal, and truck farms, plantations, ranches, nurseries, ranges, greenhouses, or other similar structures used primarily for the raising of agricultural or horticultural commodities and orchards. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Farm machinery: means all machines and tools that are used in the production, harvesting, and care of farm products, and includes trailers that are used to transport agricultural produce or agricultural production materials between a local place of storage or supply and the farm, agricultural tractors, threshing machinery, hay-baling machinery, corn shellers, hammermills, and machinery used in the production of horticultural, agricultural, and vegetable products. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Farm truck: means a truck controlled and operated by a farmer for use in the transportation to or from a farm, for a distance of not more than one hundred fifty miles, of products of the farm, including livestock and its products, poultry and its products, floricultural and horticultural products, and in the transportation to the farm, from a distance of not more than one hundred fifty miles, of supplies for the farm, including tile, fence, and every other thing or commodity used in agricultural, floricultural, horticultural, livestock, and poultry production, and livestock, poultry, and other animals and things used for breeding, feeding, or other purposes connected with the operation of the farm, when the truck is operated in accordance with this division and is not used in the operations of a motor carrier, as defined in section 4923. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Fatality: means the death of a person as the result of a motor vehicle accident occurring not more than three hundred sixty-five days prior to the date of death. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Felony: means any offense under federal or state law that is punishable by death or specifically classified as a felony under the law of this state, regardless of the penalty that may be imposed. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Floor supervisor: means an employee of the climbing facility who has responsibility for all of the following:

  (1) Observing, supervising, or monitoring activity in the climbing facility;

  (2) Instructing or assisting climbers in the climbing facility;

  (3) Enforcing the climbing facility's rules. See Ohio Code 4175.01

• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign jurisdiction: means any jurisdiction other than a state. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freestyle terrain: means , but is not limited to, terrain parks and terrain park features, such as jumps, rails, fun boxes, other constructed or natural features, half-pipes, quarter-pipes, and freestyle-bump terrain. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Freestyler: means a skier utilizing freestyle terrain marked with signage approved by the national ski areas association. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Freeway: means a divided multi-lane highway for through traffic with all crossroads separated in grade and with full control of access. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Freight elevator: means an elevator normally used for carrying freight and on which only the operator and employees in the pursuit of their duties, by the permission of the employer, are allowed to ride. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Funeral escort vehicle: means any motor vehicle, including a funeral hearse, while used to facilitate the movement of a funeral procession. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• General inspector: means a state inspector examined and hired to inspect elevators and lifting apparatus for that state. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Gross vehicle weight rating: means the value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum loaded weight of a single or a combination vehicle. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hazardous materials: means any material that has been designated as hazardous under 49 U. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• highway: means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way open to the use of the public as a thoroughfare for purposes of vehicular travel. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Highway maintenance vehicle: means a vehicle used in snow and ice removal or road surface maintenance, including a snow plow, traffic line striper, road sweeper, mowing machine, asphalt distributing vehicle, or other such vehicle designed for use in specific highway maintenance activities. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Highway traffic signal: means a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Hospital: means an institution which has been registered or licensed by the Ohio department of health as a hospital. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Housing accommodations: includes any building or structure, or portion of a building or structure, that is used or occupied or is intended, arranged, or designed to be used or occupied as the home residence, dwelling, dwelling unit, or sleeping place of one or more individuals, groups, or families whether or not living independently of each other; and any vacant land offered for sale or lease. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Hybrid beacon: means a type of beacon that is intentionally placed in a dark mode between periods of operation where no indications are displayed and, when in operation, displays both steady and flashing traffic control signal indications. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Identification card: means a card issued under sections 4507. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Ignition interlock device: means a device approved by the director of public safety that connects a breath analyzer to a motor vehicle's ignition system, that is constantly available to monitor the concentration by weight of alcohol in the breath of any person attempting to start that motor vehicle by using its ignition system, and that deters starting the motor vehicle by use of its ignition system unless the person attempting to start the vehicle provides an appropriate breath sample for the device and the device determines that the concentration by weight of alcohol in the person's breath is below a preset level. See Ohio Code 4510.01
• Imminent hazard: means the existence of a condition that presents a substantial likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal proceeding begun to lessen the risk of that death, illness, injury, or endangerment. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• imprisonment: means being imprisoned under a sentence imposed for an offense or serving a term of imprisonment, prison term, jail term, term of local incarceration, or other term under a sentence imposed for an offense in an institution under the control of the department of rehabilitation and correction, a county, multicounty, municipal, municipal-county, or multicounty-municipal jail or workhouse, a minimum security jail, a community-based correctional facility, or another facility described or referred to in section 2929. See Ohio Code 1.05
• in writing: includes any representation of words, letters, symbols, or figures; this provision does not affect any law relating to signatures. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Injury: includes any injury, whether caused by external accidental means or accidental in character and result, received in the course of, and arising out of, the injured employee's employment. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Inspector: means either a general or special inspector. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Institution of higher education: means a public or nonprofit educational institution, including an educational institution operated by an Indian tribe, which:

  (1) Admits as regular students only individuals having a certificate of graduation from a high school, or the recognized equivalent;

  (2) Is legally authorized in this state or by the Indian tribe to provide a program of education beyond high school; and

  (3) Provides an educational program for which it awards a bachelor's or higher degree, or provides a program which is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, a program of post-graduate or post-doctoral studies, or a program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation. See Ohio Code 4141.01

• Instructor: means any person, whether acting for self as operator of a driver training school or for such a school for compensation, who teaches, conducts classes of, gives demonstrations to, or supervises practice of, persons learning to operate or drive motor vehicles. See Ohio Code 4508.01
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Interested party: means the director and any party to whom notice of a determination of an application for benefit rights or a claim for benefits is required to be given under section 4141. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• International registration plan: means a reciprocal agreement of member jurisdictions that is endorsed by the American association of motor vehicle administrators, and that promotes and encourages the fullest possible use of the highway system by authorizing apportioned registration of fleets of vehicles and recognizing registration of vehicles apportioned in member jurisdictions. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Internet: means the international computer network of both federal and nonfederal interoperable packet switched data networks, including the graphical subnetwork known as the world wide web. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intersection: means :

  (1) The area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling upon different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict. See Ohio Code 4511.01

• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• JobsOhio: means the nonprofit corporation formed under section 187. See Ohio Code 4313.01
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Labor organization: includes any organization that exists, in whole or in part, for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning grievances, terms or conditions of employment, or other mutual aid or protection in relation to employment. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lead school district: means a school district, including a joint vocational school district, designated by the department of education as either a vocational education planning district itself or as responsible for providing primary vocational education leadership within a vocational education planning district that is composed of a group of districts. See Ohio Code 4508.01
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Lien: includes , unless the context requires a different meaning, a security interest in a motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• liquor: include all liquids and compounds, other than beer, containing one-half of one per cent or more of alcohol by volume which are fit to use for beverage purposes, from whatever source and by whatever process produced, by whatever name called, and whether they are medicated, proprietary, or patented. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Local authorities: means every county, municipal, and other local board or body having authority to adopt police regulations under the constitution and laws of this state. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Local telephone directory: includes a telephone classified advertising directory, or the business section of a telephone directory, that includes listings of more than one telephone company. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Local telephone number: means a telephone number that has a three-number prefix that is used by a telephone company in connection with telephones that are physically located within an area covered by a local telephone directory in which the telephone number is listed. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Low-alcohol beverage: means any brewed or fermented malt product, or any product made from the fermented juices of grapes, fruits, or other agricultural products, that contains either no alcohol or less than one-half of one per cent of alcohol by volume. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Low-speed micromobility device: means a device weighing less than one hundred pounds that has handlebars, is propelled by an electric motor or human power, and has an attainable speed on a paved level surface of not more than twenty miles per hour when propelled by the electric motor. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Management level employee: means an individual who formulates policy on behalf of the public employer, who responsibly directs the implementation of policy, or who may reasonably be required on behalf of the public employer to assist in the preparation for the conduct of collective negotiations, administer collectively negotiated agreements, or have a major role in personnel administration. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Manufacture: includes all processes by which beer or intoxicating liquor is produced, whether by distillation, rectifying, fortifying, blending, fermentation, or brewing, or in any other manner. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Manufacturer: means any person engaged in the business of manufacturing beer or intoxicating liquor. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Mark: means a word, name, symbol, device, or combination of a word, name, symbol, or device in any form or arrangement. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• Median: means the area between two roadways of a divided highway, measured from edge of traveled way to edge of traveled way, but excluding turn lanes. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Medical variance: means one of the following received by a driver from the federal motor carrier safety administration that allows the driver to be issued a medical certificate:

  (1) An exemption letter permitting operation of a commercial motor vehicle under 49 C. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• Members of the state highway patrol: means highway patrol troopers and radio operators appointed under section 5503. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Military status: means a person's status in "service in the uniformed services" as defined in section 5923. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Minor: means any person less than eighteen years of age. See Ohio Code 4109.01
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mixed beverages: includes the contents of a pod. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Mobile home: means a building unit or assembly of closed construction that is fabricated in an off-site facility, is more than thirty-five body feet in length or, when erected on site, is three hundred twenty or more square feet, is built on a permanent chassis, is transportable in one or more sections, and does not qualify as a manufactured home as defined in division (C)(4) of section 3781. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Mobile telephone: means a mobile communication device that falls under or uses any commercial mobile radio service as defined in 47 C. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Motor vehicle: means any vehicle, including mobile homes and recreational vehicles, that is propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power or power collected from overhead electric trolley wires. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Motor vehicle: means all vehicles included within the definition of motor vehicle in sections 4501. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Motor vehicle: includes manufactured homes, mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and trailers and semitrailers whose weight exceeds four thousand pounds. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• Motor vehicle: means a vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer, or semitrailer propelled or drawn by mechanical power used on highways, except that such term does not include a vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer, or semitrailer operated exclusively on a rail. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Motor vehicle: means every vehicle propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power or power collected from overhead electric trolley wires, except motorized bicycles, electric bicycles, road rollers, traction engines, power shovels, power cranes, and other equipment used in construction work and not designed for or employed in general highway transportation, hole-digging machinery, well-drilling machinery, ditch-digging machinery, farm machinery, and trailers designed and used exclusively to transport a boat between a place of storage and a marina, or in and around a marina, when drawn or towed on a street or highway for a distance of no more than ten miles and at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or less. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Motorcycle: means a motor vehicle with motive power having a seat or saddle for the use of the operator, designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, and having no occupant compartment top or occupant compartment top that can be installed or removed by the user. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Motorcycle: means every motor vehicle, other than a tractor, having a seat or saddle for the use of the operator and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, including, but not limited to, motor vehicles known as "motor-driven cycle" "motor scooter" "autocycle" "cab-enclosed motorcycle" or "motorcycle" without regard to weight or brake horsepower. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Motorized bicycle license: means the license issued under section 4511. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Motorized wheelchair: means any self-propelled vehicle designed for, and used by, a person with a disability and that is incapable of a speed in excess of eight miles per hour. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Moving violation: means any violation of any statute or ordinance that regulates the operation of vehicles, streetcars, or trackless trolleys on the highways or streets. See Ohio Code 4510.01
• Municipal motor vehicle license tax: means a tax imposed by a municipal corporation pursuant to this chapter. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nonprofit organization: means an organization, or group of organizations, described in section 501(c)(3) of the "Internal Revenue Code of 1954" and exempt from income tax under section 501(a) of that code. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Notice of right to sue: means a notice sent by the commission to a person who files a charge under section 4112. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Oath: includes affirmation, and "swear" includes affirm. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Occupation: means any occupation, service, trade, business, industry, or branch or group of industries or employment or class of employment in which individuals are employed. See Ohio Code 4111.01
• Occupational disease: means a disease contracted in the course of employment, which by its causes and the characteristics of its manifestation or the condition of the employment results in a hazard which distinguishes the employment in character from employment generally, and the employment creates a risk of contracting the disease in greater degree and in a different manner from the public in general. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Ohio employment risk reduction standard: means any risk reduction standard adopted or issued under this chapter. See Ohio Code 4167.01
• Operate: means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Operator: includes any person who drives or operates a motor vehicle upon the public highways. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Out-of-service order: means a declaration by an authorized enforcement officer of a federal, state, local, Canadian, or Mexican jurisdiction declaring that a driver, commercial motor vehicle, or commercial motor carrier operation is out of service as defined in 49 C. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: includes any person or firm, other than a manufacturer or dealer, that has title to a motor vehicle, except that, in sections 4505. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Passenger: means any person who is being transported or conveyed by a passenger tramway. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Passenger car: means any motor vehicle that is designed and used for carrying not more than nine persons and includes any motor vehicle that is designed and used for carrying not more than fifteen persons in a ridesharing arrangement. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Passenger elevator: means an elevator that is designed to carry persons to its contract capacity. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Passenger tramway: includes all of the following:

  (1) Aerial passenger tramway, a device used to transport passengers in several open or enclosed cars attached to and suspended from a moving wire rope or attached to a moving wire rope and supported on a standing wire rope, or similar devices;

  (2) Skimobile, a device in which a passenger car running on steel or wooden tracks is attached to and pulled by a steel cable, or similar devices;

  (3) Chair lift, a device on which passengers are carried on chairs suspended in the air and attached to a moving cable, chain, or link belt supported by trestles or towers with one or more spans, or similar devices. See Ohio Code 4169.01

• pay period: means a period, of not more than thirty-one consecutive days, for which payment of remuneration is ordinarily made to the employee by the person employing that employee. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Payments in lieu of contributions: means the money payments to the state unemployment compensation fund required of reimbursing employers under sections 4141. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Pedestrian: includes a personal delivery device as defined in section 4511. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Person: includes firms and corporations. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Person: includes one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, organizations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, receivers, and other organized groups of persons. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Person: includes an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, and association. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Person: means every natural person, firm, co-partnership, association, or corporation. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Person: means an individual, corporation, government, governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, unincorporated association, limited liability company, two or more of any of the foregoing having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal protective equipment: means clothing, garments, harnesses, or other items designed to protect a climber from injury while rock climbing. See Ohio Code 4175.01
• physical or mental impairment: includes any of the following:

  (i) Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological; musculoskeletal; special sense organs; respiratory, including speech organs; cardiovascular; reproductive; digestive; genito-urinary; hemic and lymphatic; skin; and endocrine;

  (ii) Any mental or psychological disorder, including, but not limited to, intellectual disability, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities;

  (iii) Diseases and conditions, including, but not limited to, orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments, cerebral palsy, autism, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, intellectual disability, emotional illness, drug addiction, and alcoholism. See Ohio Code 4112.01

• Physician assistant: means an individual who is licensed under Chapter 4730 of the Revised Code to provide services as a physician assistant to patients under the supervision, control, and direction of one or more physicians. See Ohio Code 1.64
• Place of public accommodation: means any inn, restaurant, eating house, barbershop, public conveyance by air, land, or water, theater, store, other place for the sale of merchandise, or any other place of public accommodation or amusement of which the accommodations, advantages, facilities, or privileges are available to the public. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Pod: means a sealed capsule made from plastic, glass, aluminum, or a combination thereof to which all of the following apply:

  (a) The capsule contains intoxicating liquor of more than twenty-one per cent of alcohol by volume. See Ohio Code 4301.01

• Police officer: means every officer authorized to direct or regulate traffic, or to make arrests for violations of traffic regulations. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Population: means that shown by the most recent regular federal census. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Prearranged contract: means an agreement, made in advance of boarding, to provide transportation from a specific location in a chauffeured limousine. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Predicate motor vehicle or traffic offense: means any of the following:

  (1) A violation of section 4511. See Ohio Code 4511.01

• Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
• Private employer: means an employer as defined in division (B)(1)(b) of this section. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Private residence: means a distinct building or a unit in a multiple dwelling building that is occupied by members of a single-family unit. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Private road open to public travel: includes a gated toll road but does not include a road within a private gated property where access is restricted at all times, a parking area, a driving aisle within a parking area, or a private grade crossing. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Private road or driveway: means every way or place in private ownership used for vehicular travel by the owner and those having express or implied permission from the owner but not by other persons. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probationary license: means the license issued to any person between sixteen and eighteen years of age to operate a motor vehicle. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Professional employee: means any employee engaged in work that is predominantly intellectual, involving the consistent exercise of discretion and judgment in its performance and requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course in an institution of higher learning or a hospital, as distinguished from a general academic education or from an apprenticeship; or an employee who has completed the courses of specialized intellectual instruction and is performing related work under the supervision of a professional person to become qualified as a professional employee. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Professional employer organization: means a sole proprietor, partnership, association, limited liability company, or corporation that enters into an agreement with one or more client employers for the purpose of coemploying all or part of the client employer's workforce at the client employer's work site. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Professional employer organization agreement: means a written contract to coemploy employees between a professional employer organization and a client employer with a duration of not less than twelve months in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Professional employer organization reporting entity: means two or more professional employer organizations that are majorityowned or commonly controlled by the same entity, parent, or controlling person and that satisfy reporting entity control rules as defined by the financial accounting standards board and under generally accepted accounting principles. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Property: means real and personal property. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Prototype device: means any testing device to monitor limited driving privileges that has not yet been approved or disapproved by the director of public safety. See Ohio Code 4510.01
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Public employee: means any person holding a position by appointment or employment in the service of a public employer, including any person working pursuant to a contract between a public employer and a private employer and over whom the national labor relations board has declined jurisdiction on the basis that the involved employees are employees of a public employer, except:

  (1) Persons holding elective office;

  (2) Employees of the general assembly and employees of any other legislative body of the public employer whose principal duties are directly related to the legislative functions of the body;

  (3) Employees on the staff of the governor or the chief executive of the public employer whose principal duties are directly related to the performance of the executive functions of the governor or the chief executive;

  (4) Persons who are members of the Ohio organized militia, while training or performing duty under section 5919. See Ohio Code 4117.01

• Public employee: means any individual who engages to furnish services subject to the direction and control of a public employer, including those individuals working for a private employer who has contracted with a public employer and over whom the national labor relations board has declined jurisdiction. See Ohio Code 4167.01
• Public employee representative: means an employee organization certified by the state employment relations board under section 4117. See Ohio Code 4167.01
• Public employer: means the state or any political subdivision of the state located entirely within the state, including, without limitation, any municipal corporation with a population of at least five thousand according to the most recent federal decennial census; county; township with a population of at least five thousand in the unincorporated area of the township according to the most recent federal decennial census; school district; governing authority of a community school established under Chapter 3314 of the Revised Code; college preparatory boarding school established under Chapter 3328 of the Revised Code or its operator; state institution of higher learning; public or special district; state agency, authority, commission, or board; or other branch of public employment. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Public employer: means an employer as defined in division (B)(1)(a) of this section. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Public employer: means any of the following:

  (1) The state and its instrumentalities;

  (2) Any political subdivisions and their instrumentalities, including any county, county hospital, municipal corporation, city, village, township, park district, school district, state institution of higher learning, public or special district, state agency, authority, commission, or board;

  (3) Any other branch of public employment not mentioned in division (A)(1) or (2) of this section. See Ohio Code 4167.01

• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Public safety vehicle: means any of the following:

  (1) Ambulances, including private ambulance companies under contract to a municipal corporation, township, or county, and private ambulances and nontransport vehicles bearing license plates issued under section 4503. See Ohio Code 4511.01

• Public use areas: means interior or exterior rooms or spaces of a privately or publicly owned building that are made available to the general public. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Qualifying week: means any calendar week in an individual's base period with respect to which the individual earns or is paid remuneration in employment subject to this chapter. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Railroad: means a carrier of persons or property operating upon rails placed principally on a private right-of-way. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Railroad sign or signal: means any sign, signal, or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Railroad train: means a steam engine or an electric or other motor, with or without cars coupled thereto, operated by a railroad. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Recreational vehicle: means a vehicular portable structure that meets all of the following conditions:

  (1) It is designed for the sole purpose of recreational travel. See Ohio Code 4501.01

• Recreational vehicle: includes every vehicle that is defined as a recreational vehicle in section 4501. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Registered mail: includes certified mail and "certified mail" includes registered mail. See Ohio Code 1.02
• Registrar: means the registrar of motor vehicles as provided in section 4501. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• remuneration: includes only cash remuneration. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Residence: means any person's residence determined in accordance with standards prescribed in rules adopted by the registrar. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Residence district: means the territory, not comprising a business district, fronting on a street or highway, including the street or highway, where, for a distance of three hundred feet or more, the frontage is improved with residences or residences and buildings in use for business. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Resident: means any person who either maintains their principal residence in this state or is determined by the registrar of motor vehicles to be a permanent or temporary resident in accordance with the standards adopted by the registrar under section 4507. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• Resident: means a person who, in accordance with standards prescribed in rules adopted by the registrar, resides in this state on a permanent basis. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Restaurant: means a place located in a permanent building provided with space and accommodations wherein, in consideration of the payment of money, hot meals are habitually prepared, sold, and served at noon and evening, as the principal business of the place. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Restricted license: means the license issued to any person to operate a motor vehicle subject to conditions or restrictions imposed by the registrar of motor vehicles. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Restrictive covenant: means any specification limiting the transfer, rental, lease, or other use of any housing accommodations because of race, color, religion, sex, military status, familial status, national origin, disability, or ancestry, or any limitation based upon affiliation with or approval by any person, directly or indirectly, employing race, color, religion, sex, military status, familial status, national origin, disability, or ancestry as a condition of affiliation or approval. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Retail establishment: means a place of business open to the general public for the sale of goods or services. See Ohio Code 4173.01
• Ridesharing arrangement: means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle where the transportation is incidental to another purpose of a volunteer driver and includes ridesharing arrangements known as carpools, vanpools, and buspools. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Ridesharing arrangement: means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle where such transportation is incidental to another purpose of a volunteer driver and includes ridesharing arrangements known as carpools, vanpools, and buspools. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
• Right-of-way: means either of the following, as the context requires:

  (1) The right of a vehicle, streetcar, trackless trolley, or pedestrian to proceed uninterruptedly in a lawful manner in the direction in which it or the individual is moving in preference to another vehicle, streetcar, trackless trolley, or pedestrian approaching from a different direction into its or the individual's path;

  (2) A general term denoting land, property, or the interest therein, usually in the configuration of a strip, acquired for or devoted to transportation purposes. See Ohio Code 4511.01

• Road service vehicle: means wreckers, utility repair vehicles, and state, county, and municipal service vehicles equipped with visual signals by means of flashing, rotating, or oscillating lights. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Roadway: means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, except the berm or shoulder. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Rule: includes regulation. See Ohio Code 1.59
• Safety zone: means the area or space officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and protected or marked or indicated by adequate signs as to be plainly visible at all times. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Sales area or territory: means an exclusive geographic area or territory that is assigned to a particular A or B permit holder and that either has one or more political subdivisions as its boundaries or consists of an area of land with readily identifiable geographic boundaries. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• school: means any of the following:

  (1) A private business enterprise conducted by an individual, association, partnership, or corporation for the education and training of persons to operate or drive motor vehicles, that does any of the following:

  (a) Uses public streets or highways to provide training and charges a consideration or tuition for such services;

  (b) Provides an online driver education course approved by the director of public safety pursuant to division (A)(2) of section 4508. See Ohio Code 4508.01

• School bus: means every bus designed for carrying more than nine passengers that is owned by a public, private, or governmental agency or institution of learning and operated for the transportation of children to or from a school session or a school function, or owned by a private person and operated for compensation for the transportation of children to or from a school session or a school function, provided "school bus" does not include a bus operated by a municipally owned transportation system, a mass transit company operating exclusively within the territorial limits of a municipal corporation, or within such limits and the territorial limits of municipal corporations immediately contiguous to such municipal corporation, nor a common passenger carrier certified by the public utilities commission unless such bus is devoted exclusively to the transportation of children to and from a school session or a school function, and "school bus" does not include a van or bus used by a licensed child day-care center or type A family day-care home to transport children from the child day-care center or type A family day-care home to a school if the van or bus does not have more than fifteen children in the van or bus at any time. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Seasonal amusement or recreational establishment: means both of the following:

  (1) An amusement or recreational establishment that does not operate for more than seven months in any calendar year;

  (2) An amusement or recreational establishment whose average receipts for any six months during the preceding calendar year were not more than thirty-three and one-third per cent of its average receipts for the other six months of that calendar year. See Ohio Code 4109.01

• Self-insuring employer: means an employer who is granted the privilege of paying compensation and benefits directly under section 4123. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• sell: include exchange, barter, gift, offer for sale, sale, distribution and delivery of any kind, and the transfer of title or possession of beer and intoxicating liquor either by constructive or actual delivery by any means or devices whatever, including the sale of beer or intoxicating liquor by means of a controlled access alcohol and beverage cabinet pursuant to section 4301. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Semitrailer: means any vehicle of the trailer type that does not have motive power and is so designed or used with another and separate motor vehicle that in operation a part of its own weight or that of its load, or both, rests upon and is carried by the other vehicle furnishing the motive power for propelling itself and the vehicle referred to in this division, and includes, for the purpose only of registration and taxation under those chapters, any vehicle of the dolly type, such as a trailer dolly, that is designed or used for the conversion of a semitrailer into a trailer. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Semitrailer: means every vehicle designed or used for carrying persons or property with another and separate motor vehicle so that in operation a part of its own weight or that of its load, or both, rests upon and is carried by another vehicle. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Serious traffic violation: means any of the following:

  (1) A conviction arising from a single charge of operating a commercial motor vehicle in violation of any provision of section 4506. See Ohio Code 4506.01

• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Sexual conduct: means vaginal intercourse between a male and female; anal intercourse, fellatio, and cunnilingus between persons regardless of gender; and, without privilege to do so, the insertion, however slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object into the vaginal or anal cavity of another. See Ohio Code 4123.01
• Shared employee: means an individual intended to be assigned to a client employer on a permanent basis, not as a temporary supplement to the client employer's workforce, who is coemployed by a professional employer organization and a client employer pursuant to a professional employer organization agreement. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Shared-use path: means a bikeway outside the traveled way and physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent alignment. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Sidewalk: means that portion of a street between the curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for the use of pedestrians. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Signature: includes an electronic signature as defined by section 1306. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• Ski area: means all the ski slopes, ski trails, and passenger tramways that are administered or operated as a single enterprise within this state. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Ski area operator: means a person or organization that is responsible for the operation of a ski area, including an agency of this state or of a political subdivision thereof. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• ski trails: means those sites that are reserved or maintained and are open for use, as designated by a ski area operator. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Skier: means any person who is using the facilities of a ski area, including, but not limited to, the ski slopes and ski trails, for the purpose of skiing, which includes, without limitation, sliding or jumping on snow or ice on skis, a snowboard, sled, tube, snowbike, toboggan, or any other device. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Solid tires: means tires of rubber or similar elastic material that are not dependent upon confined air for support of the load. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Special inspector: means an inspector examined and commissioned by the superintendent of industrial compliance to inspect elevators and lifting apparatus in the state. See Ohio Code 4105.01
• Spirituous liquor: includes all intoxicating liquors containing more than twenty-one per cent of alcohol by volume. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Spirituous liquor profits: means all receipts representing the gross profit on the sale of spirituous liquor, as referred to in division (B)(4) of section 4301. See Ohio Code 4313.01
• State: includes the territories and federal districts of the United States, and the provinces of Canada. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• state: means the state of Ohio. See Ohio Code 1.59
• State: means a state of the United States and includes the District of Columbia. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• state agency: except as otherwise provided in the title, means every organized body, office, or agency established by the laws of the state for the exercise of any function of state government. See Ohio Code 1.60
• State highway: means a highway under the jurisdiction of the department of transportation, outside the limits of municipal corporations, provided that the authority conferred upon the director of transportation in section 5511. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• State route: means every highway that is designated with an official state route number and so marked. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• states: includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Stop intersection: means any intersection at one or more entrances of which stop signs are erected. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Streetcar: means a car, other than a railroad train, for transporting persons or property, operated upon rails principally within a street or highway. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Strike: means continuous concerted action in failing to report to duty; willful absence from one's position; or stoppage of work in whole from the full, faithful, and proper performance of the duties of employment, for the purpose of inducing, influencing, or coercing a change in wages, hours, terms, and other conditions of employment. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supervisor: means any individual who has authority, in the interest of the public employer, to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward, or discipline other public employees; to responsibly direct them; to adjust their grievances; or to effectively recommend such action, if the exercise of that authority is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment, provided that:

  (1) Employees of school districts who are department chairpersons or consulting teachers shall not be deemed supervisors. See Ohio Code 4117.01

• suspension: means the permanent or temporary withdrawal, by action of a court or the bureau of motor vehicles, of a driver's license, commercial driver's license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege for the period of the suspension or the permanent or temporary withdrawal of the privilege to obtain a license, permit, or privilege of that type for the period of the suspension. See Ohio Code 4510.01
• Tank vehicle: means any commercial motor vehicle that is designed to transport any liquid or gaseous materials within a tank or tanks that are either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or its chassis and have an individual rated capacity of more than one hundred nineteen gallons and an aggregate rated capacity of one thousand gallons or more. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Temporary resident: means a person who, in accordance with standards prescribed in rules adopted by the registrar, resides in this state on a temporary basis. See Ohio Code 4507.01
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tester: means a person or entity acting pursuant to a valid agreement entered into pursuant to division (B) of section 4506. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Texting: means manually entering alphanumeric text into, or reading text from, an electronic device. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Texting while driving: means texting while operating a commercial motor vehicle, with the motor running, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device, or other momentary delays. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Through highway: means every street or highway as provided in section 4511. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Thruway: means a through highway whose entire roadway is reserved for through traffic and on which roadway parking is prohibited. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• title: include an electronic certificate of title, unless otherwise specified. See Ohio Code 4505.01
• To bargain collectively: includes executing a written contract incorporating the terms of any agreement reached. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Township motor vehicle license tax: means a tax imposed by a township pursuant to this chapter. See Ohio Code 4504.01
• Trackless trolley: means every car that collects its power from overhead electric trolley wires and that is not operated upon rails or tracks. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Trade name: means a word, name, symbol, device, or combination of a word, name, symbol, or device in any form or arrangement used by a person to identify the person's business, vocation, or occupation and distinguish it from the business, vocation, or occupation of others. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Trademark: means a mark used by a person to identify goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others. See Ohio Code 4165.01
• Traffic: means pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, trackless trolleys, and other devices, either singly or together, while using for purposes of travel any highway or private road open to public travel. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Traffic control device: means a flagger, sign, signal, marking, or other device used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, private road open to public travel, pedestrian facility, or shared-use path by authority of a public agency or official having jurisdiction, or, in the case of a private road open to public travel, by authority of the private owner or private official having jurisdiction. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Traffic control signal: means any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Trailer: means any vehicle without motive power that is designed or used for carrying property or persons wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by a motor vehicle, and includes any such vehicle that is formed by or operated as a combination of a semitrailer and a vehicle of the dolly type such as that commonly known as a trailer dolly, a vehicle used to transport agricultural produce or agricultural production materials between a local place of storage or supply and the farm when drawn or towed on a public road or highway at a speed greater than twenty-five miles per hour, and a vehicle that is designed and used exclusively to transport a boat between a place of storage and a marina, or in and around a marina, when drawn or towed on a public road or highway for a distance of more than ten miles or at a speed of more than twenty-five miles per hour. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Trailer: means every vehicle designed or used for carrying persons or property wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by a motor vehicle, including any such vehicle when formed by or operated as a combination of a "semitrailer" and a vehicle of the dolly type, such as that commonly known as a "trailer dolly" a vehicle used to transport agricultural produce or agricultural production materials between a local place of storage or supply and the farm when drawn or towed on a street or highway at a speed greater than twenty-five miles per hour, and a vehicle designed and used exclusively to transport a boat between a place of storage and a marina, or in and around a marina, when drawn or towed on a street or highway for a distance of more than ten miles or at a speed of more than twenty-five miles per hour. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transfer: means an assignment and sale, conveyance, granting of a franchise, lease, or transfer of all or an interest. See Ohio Code 4313.01
• Transfer agreement: means the agreement entered into between the state and JobsOhio providing for the transfer of the enterprise acquisition project pursuant to section 4313. See Ohio Code 4313.01
• Travel trailer: includes a tent-type fold-out camping trailer as defined in section 4517. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• truck: means any motor vehicle that has motor power and is designed and used for carrying merchandise or freight, or that is used as a commercial tractor. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Truck: means every motor vehicle, except trailers and semitrailers, designed and used to carry property. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Tubing park: means a ski slope designated and maintained for the exclusive use of skiers utilizing tubes to slide to the bottom of the course and serviced by a dedicated passenger tramway. See Ohio Code 4169.01
• Unauthorized strike: includes , but is not limited to, concerted action during the term or extended term of a collective bargaining agreement or during the pendency of the settlement procedures set forth in section 4117. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Undertaking: includes a bond. See Ohio Code 1.02
• Undue hardship: means any requirement imposed under this chapter or a rule or order issued thereunder that would require a public employer to take an action with significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of all of the following factors:

  (1) The nature and cost of the action required under this chapter;

  (2) The overall financial resources of the public employer involved in the action;

  (3) The number of persons employed by the public employer at the particular location where the action may be required;

  (4) The effect on expenses and resources or the impact otherwise of the action required upon the operations of the public employer at the location where the action may be required;

  (5) The overall size of the public employer with respect to the number of its public employees;

  (6) The number, type, and location of the public employer's operations, including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce of the public entity;

  (7) The geographic separateness, administrative, or fiscal relationship of the public employer's operations to the whole public employer. See Ohio Code 4167.01

• United States: includes all the states. See Ohio Code 1.59
• United States: means the fifty states and the District of Columbia. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• United States: includes the states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Unlawful discriminatory practice: means any act prohibited by section 4112. See Ohio Code 4112.01
• Unlawful discriminatory practice relating to employment: means both of the following:

  (a) An unlawful discriminatory practice that is prohibited by division (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) of section 4112. See Ohio Code 4112.01

• Upgrade: means a change in the class of vehicles, endorsements, or self-certified status as described in division (A)(1) of section 4506. See Ohio Code 4506.01
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• Urban district: means the territory contiguous to and including any street or highway which is built up with structures devoted to business, industry, or dwelling houses situated at intervals of less than one hundred feet for a distance of a quarter of a mile or more, and the character of such territory is indicated by official traffic control devices. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Vehicle: includes all means of transportation by land, by water, or by air, and everything made use of in any way for such transportation. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Vehicle: means every device, including a motorized bicycle and an electric bicycle, in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except that "vehicle" does not include any motorized wheelchair, any electric personal assistive mobility device, any low-speed micromobility device, any personal delivery device as defined in section 4511. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Vehicles: means everything on wheels or runners, including motorized bicycles, but does not mean electric personal assistive mobility devices, low-speed micromobility devices, vehicles that are operated exclusively on rails or tracks or from overhead electric trolley wires, and vehicles that belong to any police department, municipal fire department, or volunteer fire department, or that are used by such a department in the discharge of its functions. See Ohio Code 4501.01
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• vocational education planning district: is a school district or group of school districts designated by the department as responsible for planning and providing vocational education services to students within the district or group of districts. See Ohio Code 4508.01
• Wage: includes an employee's commissions of which the employee's employer keeps a record, but does not include gratuities, except as provided by rules issued under section 4111. See Ohio Code 4111.01
• Wages: means hourly rates of pay, salaries, or other forms of compensation for services rendered. See Ohio Code 4117.01
• Wages: means remuneration paid to an employee by each of the employee's employers with respect to employment; except that wages shall not include that part of remuneration paid during any calendar year to an individual by an employer or such employer's predecessor in interest in the same business or enterprise, which in any calendar year is in excess of nine thousand dollars on and after January 1, 1995; nine thousand five hundred dollars on and after January 1, 2018; and nine thousand dollars on and after January 1, 2020. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Waste collection vehicle: means a vehicle used in the collection of garbage, refuse, trash, or recyclable materials. See Ohio Code 4511.01
• Week: means the calendar week ending at midnight Saturday unless an equivalent week of seven consecutive calendar days is prescribed by the director. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Weekly benefit amount: means the amount of benefits an individual would be entitled to receive for one week of total unemployment. See Ohio Code 4141.01
• Whoever: includes all persons, natural and artificial; partners; principals, agents, and employees; and all officials, public or private. See Ohio Code 1.02
• Wine: includes all liquids fit to use for beverage purposes containing not less than one-half of one per cent of alcohol by volume and not more than twenty-one per cent of alcohol by volume that is made from the fermented juices of grapes, fruits, or other agricultural products. See Ohio Code 4301.01
• Working capital: means the excess of current assets over current liabilities as determined by generally accepted accounting principles. See Ohio Code 4125.01
• Working capital: means the excess of current assets over current liabilities as determined by generally accepted accounting principles. See Ohio Code 4133.01
• Worksite employee: means an individual assigned to a client employer on a permanent basis, not as a temporary supplement to the client employer's workforce, and who is employed by both an alternate employer organization and a client employer pursuant to an alternate employer organization agreement. See Ohio Code 4133.01
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.