Michigan Laws > Chapter 41 > Act 246 of 1931 – Pavements, Sidewalks, and Elevated Structures
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 41 > Act 246 of 1931 - Pavements, Sidewalks, and Elevated Structures
- Address: means the residence or principal business address of the person. See Michigan Laws 445.1
- Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
- Agency: means a department, board, commission, office, agency, authority, or other unit of state government of this state. See Michigan Laws 445.63
- Allegation: something that someone says happened.
- Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
- Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Art dealer: means a person engaged in the business of selling works of fine art, other than a person exclusively engaged in the business of selling goods at public auction. See Michigan Laws 442.311
- Art merchant: means a person who deals in multiples, or who by his or her occupation holds himself or herself out as having knowledge or skill peculiar to a person who deals in multiples, or who employs a broker, agent, or other intermediary who holds himself or herself out as having knowledge or skill peculiar to a person who deals in multiples. See Michigan Laws 442.351a
- Art merchant: means a person who deals in works of fine art or by his occupation holds himself out as having knowledge or skill peculiar to works of fine art or to whom such knowledge or skill may be attributed by his employment of an agent or broker or other intermediary who by his occupation holds himself out as having such knowledge or skill. See Michigan Laws 442.321
- Artist: means the creator of a work of fine art or, if the creator is deceased, the creator's heirs or personal representatives. See Michigan Laws 442.311
- Artist: means the creator of an image depicted by or in a master. See Michigan Laws 442.351a
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
- authorship: refers to the creator of a work of fine art or to the period, culture, source or origin with which the creation of the work is identified in the description of the work. See Michigan Laws 442.321
- Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Bona fide purchaser: means a person who in good faith makes a purchase without notice of any outstanding rights of others. See Michigan Laws 442.311
- Business day: means Monday through Friday and does not include Saturday, Sunday, or the following business holidays: New Year's day, Martin Luther King's birthday, Washington's birthday, Memorial day, Independence day, Labor day, Columbus day, Veterans' day, Thanksgiving day, and Christmas day. See Michigan Laws 445.111
- Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
- Child or spousal support: means support for a child or spouse, paid or provided pursuant to state or federal law under a court order or judgment. See Michigan Laws 445.63
- Child or spousal support: means support for a child or spouse, paid or provided pursuant to state or federal law under a court order or judgment. See Michigan Laws 445.82
- Civil infraction: means an act or omission that is prohibited by a law and is not a crime under that law or that is prohibited by an ordinance, as defined in section 8701, and is not a crime under that ordinance, and for which civil sanctions may be ordered. See Michigan Laws 600.113
- Civil infraction action: means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a civil infraction. See Michigan Laws 600.113
- Civil violation: means a violation of a law of this state or a local ordinance, other than a criminal offense or a violation that is defined or designated as a civil infraction, that is punishable by a civil fine or forfeiture under the applicable law or ordinance. See Michigan Laws 600.4801
- Commission: means the public service commission. See Michigan Laws 445.111
- Commission: means the fee, compensation, or percentage of actual selling price of a work of fine art, agreed upon by the artist and art dealer, which the art dealer may retain after sale of the artist's work of fine art to a third party. See Michigan Laws 442.311
- Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Confidential telephone record: means any of the following:
(i) Information that relates to the quantity, technical configuration, type, destination, location, and amount of use of a service offered by a telecommunication provider subscribed to by any customer of that telecommunication provider. See Michigan Laws 445.65aConsignor: means a person who delivers or causes to be delivered a work of fine art to an art dealer on consignment. See Michigan Laws 442.311 Consumer protection act: means the Michigan consumer protection act, Act No. See Michigan Laws 445.52 Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time. Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Costs: means any monetary amount that the court is authorized to assess and collect for prosecution, adjudication, or processing of criminal offenses, civil infractions, civil violations, and parking violations, including court costs, the cost of prosecution, and the cost of providing court-ordered legal assistance to the defendant. See Michigan Laws 600.4801 Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff. counterclaim: as used in this act , includes setoff and recoupment. See Michigan Laws 600.111 Counterfeit: means a work of fine art made or altered, with intent to deceive, in a manner that it appears to have an authorship which it does not in fact possess. See Michigan Laws 442.321 Credit card: means that term as defined in section 157m of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Crime: means committing, attempting to commit, conspiring to commit, or soliciting another person to commit any of the following offenses in connection with which the forfeiture of property is sought:
(i) A violation of part 111 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324. See Michigan Laws 600.4701Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Data: means computerized personal information. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another. Depository institution: means a state or nationally chartered bank or a state or federally chartered savings and loan association, savings bank, or credit union. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial. Do-not-call list: means a do-not-call list of consumers and their residential telephone numbers maintained by the commission, by a vendor designated by the commission, or by an agency of the federal government, under section 1a. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Dower: A widow Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) Source: OCC employer: includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee. See Michigan Laws 445.102 Encrypted: means transformation of data through the use of an algorithmic process into a form in which there is a low probability of assigning meaning without use of a confidential process or key, or securing information by another method that renders the data elements unreadable or unusable. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met. Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent Existing customer: means an individual who has purchased goods or services from a person, who is the recipient of a voice communication from that person, and who either paid for the goods or services within the 12 months preceding the voice communication or has not paid for the goods and services at the time of the voice communication because of a prior agreement between the person and the individual. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. Source: OCC Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller. False pretenses: includes , but is not limited to, a false, misleading, or fraudulent representation, writing, communication, statement, or message, communicated by any means to another person, that the maker of the representation, writing, communication, statement, or message knows or should have known is false or fraudulent. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Source: OCC Federally insured depository institution: means a state or national bank, state or federal savings bank, state or federal savings and loan association, or state or federal credit union that holds deposits insured by an agency of the United States. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Fee: means any monetary amount, other than costs or a penalty, that the court is authorized to impose and collect pursuant to a conviction, finding of responsibility, or other adjudication of a criminal offense, a civil infraction, a civil violation, or a parking violation, including a driver license reinstatement fee. See Michigan Laws 600.4801 Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it. Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator. Financial institution: means a depository institution, an affiliate of a depository institution, a licensee under the consumer financial services act, 1988 PA 161, MCL 487. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Financial transaction device: means that term as defined in section 157m of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Fine art: means an original art or craft work which is:
(i) A visual rendition including, but not limited to, a painting, drawing, sculpture, mosaic, video tape, or photograph. See Michigan Laws 442.311Fine art: means a painting, sculpture, drawing or work of graphic art. See Michigan Laws 442.321 Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Fixed location: means a place of business where the seller or an agent, servant, employee, or solicitor of that seller primarily engages in the sale of goods or services of the same kind as would be sold at the residence of a buyer. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. Going out of business sale: means any sale, whether described by such name or by any other name such as, but not limited to, "closing out sales" "liquidation sales" "lost our lease sale" "forced to vacate sale" held in such a manner as to indicate a belief that upon disposal of the stock of goods on hand, the business will cease and discontinue at the premises where the sale is conducted. See Michigan Laws 442.211 Goods: means all goods, wares, merchandise and other personal property, excepting, choses in action and money. See Michigan Laws 442.211 grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted. Home solicitation sale: means a sale of goods or services of more than $25. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Identity theft: means engaging in an act or conduct prohibited in section 5(1). See Michigan Laws 445.63 in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies. Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. Instrumentality of a crime: means any property, other than real property, the use of which contributes directly and materially to the commission of a crime. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 Interactive computer service: means an information service or system that enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including, but not limited to, a service or system that provides access to the internet or to software services available on a server. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC Internet: means that term as defined in 47 U. See Michigan Laws 445.82 IP-enabled voice service: means an interconnected voice over internet protocol service that enables real-time, 2-way voice communications, requires a broadband connection from the user's location using internet protocol-compatible equipment, and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. See Michigan Laws 445.65a Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement judgment: as used in this act , includes decree. See Michigan Laws 600.112 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Law enforcement agency: means that term as defined in section 2804 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. License: except as otherwise provided in this subsection and section 17708(2), means an authorization issued under this article to practice where practice would otherwise be unlawful. See Michigan Laws 333.16106 Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Limited edition: means a number of multiples which are produced from a single master, all of which depict the same image, and which bear numbers or other markings to denote that production of multiples from that master is limited to a stated maximum number, or which are otherwise held out as limited to a maximum number. See Michigan Laws 442.351a Limited license: means a license to which restrictions or conditions, or both, as to scope of practice, place of practice, supervision of practice, duration of licensed status, or type or condition of patient or client served are imposed by a board. See Michigan Laws 333.16106 Local registrar: means that term as defined in section 2804 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Mail: means a letter, postal card, package, bag, or any other article or thing contained therein, or other sealed article addressed to a person. See Michigan Laws 445.32 Mailed: means delivered by United States mail or other delivery service that does not require the signature of recipient indicating actual receipt. See Michigan Laws 445.82 Master: means a printing plate, stone, block, screen, photographic negative, or other material which contains an image used to produce multiples. See Michigan Laws 442.351a Medical records or information: includes , but is not limited to, medical and mental health histories, reports, summaries, diagnoses and prognoses, treatment and medication information, notes, entries, and x-rays and other imaging records. See Michigan Laws 445.63 month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. Source: OCC Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money. Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money. Multiples: means prints, photographs, photographic negatives, or other objects of visual art which are produced in more than 1 copy and sold, offered for sale, or consigned in, into, or from the state for value exceeding $100. See Michigan Laws 442.351a National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) Source: OCC Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. On consignment: means that no title to or estate in the fine art or right to possession of the fine art superior to that of the consignor vests in the consignee, except that the consignee has the power or authority to transfer and convey, to a third person, all of the right, title, and interest of the consignor, in and to the fine art. See Michigan Laws 442.311 Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program. panel: means a mediation panel selected pursuant to section 4905. See Michigan Laws 600.4901 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. Penalty: includes fines, forfeitures, and forfeited recognizances. See Michigan Laws 600.4801 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other entity, however organized. See Michigan Laws 442.351a Person: means 1 or more individuals, partnerships, trusts, fiduciaries, or other entities capable of contracting, except corporations and limited partnerships. See Michigan Laws 445.1 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.32 Person: means an individual, partnership, cooperation, association, trust, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.52 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Person: means an individual, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation, public or nonpublic elementary or secondary school, trade school, vocational school, community or junior college, college, university, state or local governmental agency or department, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.82 person: includes any individual, firm, co-partnership, joint adventure, association, municipal or private corporation whether organized for profit or not, company, estate, trust, or any other group or combination acting as a unit, and the plural as well as the singular number, unless the intention to give a more limited meaning is disclosed by the context. See Michigan Laws 445.102 Person: means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other business entity, or an unincorporated or voluntary association. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.111 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Person: includes a person, firm, corporation, partnership, association or 2 or more persons having a joint or common interest. See Michigan Laws 442.211 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other group, however organized. See Michigan Laws 442.311 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association or other group however organized. See Michigan Laws 442.321 Personal identifying information: means a name, number, or other information that is used for the purpose of identifying a specific person or providing access to a person's financial accounts, including, but not limited to, a person's name, address, telephone number, driver license or state personal identification card number, social security number, place of employment, employee identification number, employer or taxpayer identification number, government passport number, health insurance identification number, mother's maiden name, demand deposit account number, savings account number, financial transaction device account number or the person's account password, any other account password in combination with sufficient information to identify and access the account, automated or electronic signature, biometrics, stock or other security certificate or account number, credit card number, vital record, or medical records or information. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Personal information: means the first name or first initial and last name linked to 1 or more of the following data elements of a resident of this state:
(i) Social security number. See Michigan Laws 445.63Personal property: All property that is not real property. Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law. Probate: Proving a will Proceeds of a crime: means any property obtained through the commission of a crime, including any appreciation in the value of the property. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 Proofs: means multiples which depict the same image as, and which are produced from the same master used to produce, a limited edition, but which, whether or not designated as proofs, are set aside from and are in addition to the limited edition to which they relate. See Michigan Laws 442.351a Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. public highway: as used in this act mean any road, street or alley taken over by and under the jurisdiction of the board of county road commissioners. See Michigan Laws 41.271 Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide. Public utility: means that term as defined in section 1 of 1972 PA 299, MCL 460. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Publicly display: means to exhibit, hold up, post, or make visible or set out for open view, including, but not limited to, open view on a computer device, computer network, website, or other electronic medium or device, to members of the public or in a public manner. See Michigan Laws 445.82 Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Registration: means an authorization only for the use of a designated title which use would otherwise be prohibited under this article. See Michigan Laws 333.16108 Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings. Removal sale: means any sale held in such a manner as to induce a belief that upon disposal of the stock of goods on hand, the business will cease and discontinue at the premises where the sale is conducted, and thereafter will be moved to and occupy another location. See Michigan Laws 442.211 Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action. Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). Source: OCC Sale: means sale or exchange. See Michigan Laws 442.351a seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3nsecurity breach: means the unauthorized access and acquisition of data that compromises the security or confidentiality of personal information maintained by a person or agency as part of a database of personal information regarding multiple individuals. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Security interest: means any interest in real or personal property that secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 sell: includes any sale, exchange, contract to sell, consignment for sale, shipment for sale, or other disposition. See Michigan Laws 445.102 Sequester: To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations. Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c Signed: means autographed by the artist's own hand, and not by means of mechanical or photographic reproduction, after the multiple was produced, whether or not the master was signed. See Michigan Laws 442.351a state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o State registrar: means that term as defined in section 2805 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights. subscriber: means a person residing in this state who has residential telephone service. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Substituted proceeds of a crime: means any property obtained or any gain realized by the sale or exchange of proceeds of a crime. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system. Telecommunication provider: means all of the following:
(i) A provider as that term is defined in section 102 of the Michigan telecommunications act, 1991 PA 179, MCL 484. See Michigan Laws 445.65aTelecommunication service: means all of the following:
(i) A service as that term is defined in section 102 of the Michigan telecommunications act, 1991 PA 179, MCL 484. See Michigan Laws 445.65aTelephone solicitation: means any voice communication over a telephone for the purpose of encouraging the recipient of the call to purchase, rent, or invest in goods or services during that telephone call. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Telephone solicitor: means any person doing business in this state who makes or causes to be made a telephone solicitation from within or outside of this state, including, but not limited to, calls made by use of automated dialing and announcing devices or by a live person. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident. Trade or commerce: means trade or commerce as defined in section 2 of the consumer protection act. See Michigan Laws 445.52 Trade or commerce: means that term as defined in section 2 of the Michigan consumer protection act, 1971 PA 331, MCL 445. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. Source: OCC Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. Trustor: The person who makes or creates a trust. Also known as the grantor or settlor. Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Vendor: means a person designated by the commission to maintain a do-not-call list under section 1a. See Michigan Laws 445.111 Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried. Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge. Vital record: means that term as defined in section 2805 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Vital record: means that term as defined in section 2805 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 445.82 Webpage: means a location that has a uniform resource locator or URL with respect to the world wide web or another location that can be accessed on the internet. See Michigan Laws 445.63 Website: means a collection of pages of the world wide web or internet, usually in HTML format, with clickable or hypertext links to enable navigation from 1 page or section to another, that often uses associated graphics files to provide illustration and may contain other clickable or hypertext links. See Michigan Laws 445.82 Willful blindness: means the intentional disregard of objective fact that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the property was derived from unlawful activity or would be used for an unlawful purpose. See Michigan Laws 600.4701 Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act. Written instrument: means a written agreement, bill of sale, invoice, certificate of authenticity, catalog, or other memorandum describing a multiple which is to be sold or consigned by an art merchant. See Michigan Laws 442.351a Written instrument: means a written or printed agreement, bill of sale, or any other written or printed note or memorandum of the sale or exchange of a work of fine art by an art merchant and includes a written or printed catalog or other prospectus of a forthcoming sale as well as any written or printed corrections or amendments thereof. See Michigan Laws 442.321 Written solicitation: means a postcard or other written notice delivered to a buyer's residence that requests that the buyer contact the seller or seller's agent by telephone to inquire about a good or service, unless the postcard or other written notice concerns a previous purchase or order or specifies the price of the good or service and accurately describes the good or service. See Michigan Laws 445.111