Terms Used In Utah Code > Title 77 > Chapter 10a - Grand Jury Reform

• Administrator: includes "executor" when the subject matter justifies the use. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Alternate means: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Applicable county recorder: means the office of the recorder of each county in which any part of the property on which a claimant claims or intends to claim a preconstruction or construction lien is located. See Utah Code 38-1a-102
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• City: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Claimant: means a person entitled to claim a preconstruction or construction lien. See Utah Code 38-1a-102
• Clerk of the court: means the state court administrator or his designee. See Utah Code 77-10a-1
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Construction lien: means a lien under this chapter for construction work. See Utah Code 38-1a-102
• Construction project: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102
• Construction work: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Court reporter: A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Designated agent: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Division: means the Division of Professional Licensing created in Section 58-1-103. See Utah Code 38-1a-102
• Division: means the Division of Professional Licensing created in Section 58-1-103. See Utah Code 38-1b-102
• Entry number: means the reference number that:

  (a)	the designated agent assigns to each notice or other document filed with the registry; and

  (b)

  is unique for each notice or other document. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Final lien waiver: means a form that complies with Subsection 38-1a-802(4)(c). See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC Government project: means a construction project undertaken by or for: (a)  the state, including a department, division, or other agency of the state; or (b)  a county, city, town, school district, special district, special service district, community reinvestment agency, or other political subdivision of the state. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Government project-identifying information: means : (a)  the lot or parcel number of each lot included in the project property that has a lot or parcel number; or (b)  the unique project number assigned by the designated agent. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage, Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Guardian: includes a person who:Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court. Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies. Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit. Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Juror: A person who is on the jury. Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Managing judge: means the supervising judge when he retains authority to manage a grand jury, or the district court judge to whom the supervising judge delegates management of a grand jury. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Original contractor: means a person, including an owner-builder, that contracts with an owner to provide preconstruction service or construction work. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Original contractor: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Owner: means a person who possesses an interest in a project property and contracts with an original contractor for preconstruction service or construction work. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Owner: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Owner-builder: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Person: means :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Preconstruction lien: means a lien under this chapter for a preconstruction service. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Presiding officer: means the presiding officer of the Judicial Council. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents. Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Project property: means the real property interest on or for which preconstruction service or construction work is or will be provided. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Project property: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. Registry: means the State Construction Registry under 2. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Registry: means the same as that term is defined in Section 38-1a-102. See Utah Code 38-1b-102 Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals). State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Subcontractor: means a person that contracts to provide preconstruction service or construction work to: (a)  a person other than the owner; or (b)  the owner, if the owner is an owner-builder. See Utah Code 38-1a-102 Subject: means a person whose conduct is within the scope of the grand jury's investigation, and that conduct exposes the person to possible criminal prosecution. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony. Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system. Supervising judge: means the district court judge appointed by the presiding officer to supervise the five-judge grand jury panel. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Swear: includes "affirm. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Target: means a person regarding whom the attorney for the state, the special prosecutor, or the grand jury has substantial evidence that links that person to the commission of a crime and who could be indicted or charged with that crime. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Testify: means to make an oral statement under oath or affirmation. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Testify: Answer questions in court. Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Town: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. United States: includes each state, district, and territory of the United States of America. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried. Voir dire: The process by which judges and lawyers select a petit jury from among those eligible to serve, by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and a willingness to decide the case only on the evidence presented in court. "Voir dire" is a phrase meaning "to speak the truth." Witness: means a person who appears before the grand jury either voluntarily or pursuant to subpoena for the purpose of providing testimony or evidence for the grand jury's use in discharging its responsibilities. See Utah Code 77-10a-1 Writing: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5