The Administrator has determined that it is necessary to designate the following plants 1 as noxious weeds to prevent their introduction into the United States or their dissemination within the United States:

1 One or more of the common names of weeds are given in parentheses after most scientific names to help identify the weeds represented by such scientific names; however, a scientific name is intended to include all subordinate taxa within the taxon. For example, taxa listed at the genus level include all species, subspecies, varieties, and forms within the genus; taxa listed at the species level include all subspecies, varieties, and forms within the species.

(a) Aquatic and wetland weeds:

Azolla pinnata R. Brown (mosquito fern, water velvet)Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh, Mediterranean strain (killer algae)Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) KunthHydrilla verticillata (Linnaeus f.) Royle (hydrilla)Hygrophila polysperma T. Anderson (Miramar weed)Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal (water-spinach, swamp morning-glory)Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) MossLimnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume (ambulia)Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cavanilles) S.T. BlakeMonochoria hastata (Linnaeus) Solms-LaubachMonochoria vaginalis (Burman f.) C. PreslOttelia alismoides (L.) Pers.Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus (arrowhead)Salvinia auriculata Aublet (giant salvinia)Salvinia biloba Raddi (giant salvinia)Salvinia herzogii de la Sota (giant salvinia)Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (giant salvinia)Solanum tampicense Dunal (wetland nightshade)Sparganium erectum Linnaeus (exotic bur-reed)

(b) Parasitic weeds:

Aeginetia spp.Alectra spp.Cuscuta spp. (dodders), other than following species:Cuscuta americana LinnaeusCuscuta applanata EngelmannCuscuta approximata BabingtonCuscuta attenuata WaterfallCuscuta boldinghii UrbanCuscuta brachycalyx (Yuncker) YunckerCuscuta californica Hooker & ArnottCuscuta campestris YunckerCuscuta cassytoides Nees ex EngelmannCuscuta ceanothi BehrCuscuta cephalanthi EngelmannCuscuta compacta JussieuCuscuta coryli EngelmannCuscuta cuspidata EngelmannCuscuta decipiens YunckerCuscuta dentatasquamata YunckerCuscuta denticulata EngelmannCuscuta epilinum WeiheCuscuta epithymum (Linnaeus) LinnaeusCuscuta erosa YunckerCuscuta europaea LinnaeusCuscuta exaltata EngelmannCuscuta fasciculata YunckerCuscuta glabrior (Engelmann) YunckerCuscuta globulosa BenthamCuscuta glomerata ChoisyCuscuta gronovii WilldenowCuscuta harperi SmallCuscuta howelliana RubtzoffCuscuta indecora ChoisyCuscuta leptantha EngelmannCuscuta mitriformis EngelmannCuscuta obtusiflora KunthCuscuta odontolepis EngelmannCuscuta pentagona EngelmannCuscuta planiflora TenoreCuscuta plattensis A. NelsonCuscuta polygonorum EngelmannCuscuta rostrata Shuttleworth ex Engelmann & GrayCuscuta runyonii YunckerCuscuta salina EngelmannCuscuta sandwichiana ChoisyCuscuta squamata EngelmannCuscuta suaveolens SeringeCuscuta suksdorfii YunckerCuscuta tuberculata BrandegeeCuscuta umbellata KunthCuscuta umbrosa Beyrich ex HookerCuscuta veatchii BrandegeeCuscuta warneri YunckerOrobanche spp. (broomrapes), other than the following species:Orobanche bulbosa (Gray) G. BeckOrobanche californica Schlechtendal & ChamissoOrobanche cooperi (Gray) HellerOrobanche corymbosa (Rydberg) FerrisOrobanche dugesii (S. Watson) MunzOrobanche fasciculata NuttallOrobanche ludoviciana NuttallOrobanche multicaulis BrandegeeOrobanche parishii (Jepson) HeckardOrobanche pinorum Geyer ex HookerOrobanche uniflora LinnaeusOrobanche valida JepsonOrobanche vallicola (Jepson) HeckardStriga spp. (witchweeds)

(c) Terrestrial weeds:

Acacia nilotica (Linnaeus) Wildenow ex Delile (gum arabic tree, thorny acaciaAgeratina adenophora (Sprengel) King & Robinson (crofton weed)Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King and H. Robinson (creeping croftonweed, mistflower)Alternanthera sessilis (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex de Candolle (sessile joyweed)Arctotheca calendula (Linnaeus) Levyns (capeweed)Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus (onionweed)Avena sterilis Linnaeus (including Avena ludoviciana Durieu) (animated oat, wild oat)Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieberstein (wild safflower)Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retzius) Trinius (pilipiliula)Commelina benghalensis Linnaeus (Benghal dayflower)Crupina vulgaris Cassini (common crupina)Digitaria abyssinica (Hochstetter ex A. Richard) Stapf (African couchgrass, fingergrass)Digitaria velutina (Forsskal) Palisot de Beauvois (velvet fingergrass, annual couchgrass)Drymaria arenariodes Humboldt & Bonpland ex J.A. Schultes (lightning weed)Emex australis Steinheil (three-cornered jack)Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera (devil’s thorn)Euphorbia terracina Linnaeus (false caper, Geraldton carnation weed)Galega officinalis Linnaeus (goatsrue)Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (giant hogweed)Imperata brasiliensis Trinius (Brazilian satintail)Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois (cogongrass)Inula britannica Linnaeus (British elecampane, British yellowhead)Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury (murainograss)Leptochloa chinensis (Linnaeus) Nees (Asian sprangletop)Lycium ferocissimum Miers (African boxthorn)Lygodium flexuosum (Linnaeus) Swartz (maidenhair creeper)Lygodium microphyllum (Cavanilles) R. Brown (Old World climbing fern)Melastoma malabathricum LinnaeusMikania cordata (Burman f.) B. L. Robinson (mile-a-minute)Mikania micrantha KunthMimosa diplotricha C. Wright (giant sensitive-plant)Mimosa pigra Linneaus var. pigra (catclaw mimosa)Moraea collina Thunberg (apricot Cape-tulip)Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steudel (one-leaf Cape-tulip)Moraea miniata Andrews (two-leaf Cape-tulip)Moraea ochroleuca (Salisbury) Drapiez (red Cape-tulip)Moraea pallida (Baker) Goldblatt (yellow Cape-tulip)Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hackel ex Arechavaleta (serrated tussock)Onopordum acaulon Linnaeus (stemless thistle)Onopordum illyricum Linnaeus (Illyrian thistle)Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley (jointed prickly pear)Oryza longistaminata A. Chevalier & Roehrich (red rice)Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steudel (red rice)Oryza rufipogon Griffith (red rice)Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus (Kodo-millet)Pennisetum clandestinum Hochstetter ex Chiovenda (kikuyugrass)Pennisetum macrourum Trinius (African feathergrass)Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius (kyasumagrass)Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes (missiongrass, thin napiergrass)Prosopis alpataco R. A. PhilippiProsopis argentina BurkartProsopis articulata S. WatsonProsopis burkartii MunozProsopis caldenia BurkartProsopis calingastana BurkartProsopis campestris GrisebackProsopis castellanosii BurkartProsopis denudans BenthamProsopis elata (Burkart) BurkartProsopis farcta (Banks & Solander) J.F. MacbrideProsopis ferox GrisebachProsopis fiebrigii HarmsProsopis hassleri HarmsProsopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & ArnottProsopis kuntzei HarmsProsopis pallida (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) KunthProsopis palmeri S. WatsonProsopis reptans Bentham var. reptansProsopis rojasiana BurkartProsopis ruizlealii BurkartProsopis ruscifolia GrisebachProsopis sericantha Gillies ex Hooker & ArnottProsopis strombulifera (Lamarck) BenthamProsopis torquata (Cavanilles ex Lagasca y Segura) de CandolleRottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. ClaytonRubus fruticosus Linnaeus (complex) (wild blackberry)Rubus moluccanus Linnaeus (wild raspberry)Saccharum spontaneum Linnaeus (wild sugarcane)Salsola vermiculata Linnaeus (wormleaf salsola)Senecio inaequidens DC. (South African ragwort)Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Madagascar ragwort)Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. pallidefusca (Schumach.) B.K. Simon (cattail grass)Solanum torvum Swartz (turkeyberry)Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple)Spermacoce alata AubletTridax procumbens Linnaeus (coat buttons)Urochloa panicoides Beauvois (liverseed grass)[48 FR 20039, May 4, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 25223, June 20, 1984; 57 FR 8838, Mar. 13, 1992; 60 FR 35832, July 12, 1995; 64 FR 12883, Mar. 16, 1999; 65 FR 33743, May 25, 2000; 66 FR 21060, Apr. 27, 2001; 71 FR 35381, June 20, 2006; 74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009; 75 FR 68953, Nov. 10, 2010]