See also: DOGS.

1.  Conduct as Non-Hearsay

The conduct of animals, such as barking, pointing or sniffing, is excepted from the hearsay rule.{footnote}Check City of Webster Groves v. Quick, 323 S.W.2d 386 (Mo. 1959); Buck v. State, 138 P.2d 115 (Okla. 1943).{/footnote} 

Evidence as to an animal’s habits may be admitted to prove that it acted in conformity therewith on a particular occasion.{footnote}State v. McAlteer, 288 N.W. 72 (Iowa 1939); Buck v. State, 138 P.2d 125 (Ok. 1943); Marks v. Columbia County Lumber Co., 149 P. 1041 (Or. 1915).{/footnote}

2.  Judicial Notice

Courts may take judicial notice of the behavior of animals.{footnote}Poole v. Gillison, 15 F.R.D. 194 (D.C. Ark. 1953); Cohen v. Rodenbaugh, 162 F. Supp. 748 (D.C. Pa. 1957) (horses); Long v. United States, 241 F. Supp. 286 (D.C. S.C. 1965) (mules).
[Dig. sec. 13].{/footnote}