See also: BLOOD TESTS; BREATH TESTS; INTOXICATION
SELF-INCRIMINATION–Criminal Defendants: Physical Evidence.

1.  As Test for Intoxication

As between testing blood, breath or urine, urine testing is the least accurate measure of intoxication. Urine tests are admissible to show blood-alcohol levels.{footnote}E.g., Ill. 625 ILCS 5/1-501.2 (1996); 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. 1547 (c) (1982); People v. Dakuras, 527 N.E.2d 163 (Ill. App. 1988).{/footnote}
The prosecution must prove that the urine test complied with state requirements as to calibration and maintenance of equipment.

2.  Self-Incrimination

The privilege of an accused not to incriminate himself is not violated by requiring him to provide a urine sample.{footnote}Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263 (1967).{/footnote}  Many state drunk driving laws provide that refusal to submit to a urine test is admissible,{footnote}E.g., Alaska Stat. § 28.35.032(e) (1996); Fla. Stat. § 316.1932(1)(a) (1983); Ill. 625 ILCS 5/11-501.2(c)(1) (1996) (applies only to drivers under arrest); S.D. Codified Laws Ann. § 19-13-28.1 (Supp. 1982).
CHECK Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6701l-5, § 3(g).{/footnote} or that it is not.{footnote}CHECK Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 95 1/2, && 11 — 501, 11 — 501.1.
{/footnote}

3.  Effect of Delay in Testing

Bibliography

S. Brent & S. Stiller, Handling Drunk Driving Cases (1985).

Jay M. Zitter, Annnotation, Admissibility In Criminal Case Of Evidence That Accused Refused To Take Test Of Intoxication, 26 A.L.R.4th 1112 (19__).