A. Every person who, by or through stock ownership, agency or otherwise or who pursuant to or in connection with an agreement or understanding with one or more other persons by or through stock ownership, agency or otherwise controls any person liable under this article, other than section 44-1991 or 44-1992, is liable jointly and severally with and to the same extent as the controlled person to any person to whom the controlled person is liable, unless the controlling person had no knowledge of or reasonable grounds to believe in the existence of the facts by reason of which the liability of the controlled person is alleged to exist.

Terms Used In Arizona Laws 44-1999

  • Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, joint stock company or trust, limited liability company, government or governmental subdivision or agency or any other unincorporated organization. See Arizona Laws 44-1801

B. Every person who, directly or indirectly, controls any person liable for a violation of section 44-1991 or 44-1992 is liable jointly and severally with and to the same extent as the controlled person to any person to whom the controlled person is liable unless the controlling person acted in good faith and did not directly or indirectly induce the act underlying the action.