Terms Used In California Codes > Government Code > Title 2 > Division 4 > Part 2 - STATE FUNDS

• Accepting county: means the county accepting transferred territory by reason of a county boundary change. See California Government Code 23231
• action taken: means a collective decision made by a majority of the members of a legislative body, a collective commitment or promise by a majority of the members of a legislative body to make a positive or a negative decision, or an actual vote by a majority of the members of a legislative body when sitting as a body or entity, upon a motion, proposal, report, resolution, order, or recommendation. See California Education Code 89305.4
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• advance fee: as used in this part , is a fee, regardless of the form, that is claimed, demanded, charged, received, or collected by a licensee for services requiring a license, or for a listing, as that term is defined in Section 10027, before fully completing the service the licensee contracted to perform or represented would be performed. See California Business and Professions Code 10026
• Advertisement: means a commercial message in any medium that directly or indirectly solicits or promotes one or more specific rental-purchase transactions, excluding instore merchandising aids. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Affected county: means a county in which any land of the district or agency is situated. See California Elections Code 10500
• Affected county: means each county from which territory is proposed to be transferred to create a new county. See California Government Code 23301
• Affected county: means each county which is proposed to be part of a consolidated county or which is consolidated with one or more counties. See California Government Code 23501
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• agency: means any district or agency of the type designated by and formed pursuant to the provisions of any principal act that incorporates this part. See California Elections Code 10500
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Approved county: means the territory to be included in a new county after the registered voters in the affected county or counties have approved the creation of such a new county at a primary election, pursuant to Article 4 (commencing with Section 23350), but before an election is held for purposes of determining the location of the county seat and the selection of county officers for such new county, pursuant to Article 4. See California Government Code 23301
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• assessed value: means 25 percent of full value to, and including, the 1980-81 fiscal year, and 100 percent of full value for the 1981-82 fiscal year and fiscal years thereafter. See California Government Code 25
• Assessor: as used in this part , means the assessor of a district. See California Health and Safety Code 6403
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• At-large method of election: means any of the following methods of electing members to the governing body of a political subdivision:

  California Elections Code 14026

• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Authorized officer: means any official of this State or any of its departments, agencies, or other instrumentalities, or any county, city, or public district whose signature to a public security or instrument of payment is required or permitted, or any deputy of such official who has been authorized by such official in writing to affix the official's signature. See California Government Code 5500
• Authorized user: means either of the following:

  California Elections Code 354.5

• auxiliary organization: includes the following entities:

  California Education Code 89901

• Ballot card: means a card or a number of cards upon which are printed, or identified by reference to the ballot, the names of candidates for nomination or election to one or more offices or the ballot titles of one or more measures. See California Elections Code 302
• Ballot on demand system: means a self-contained system that allows users to do both of the following on an as-needed basis:

  California Elections Code 303.4

• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Blanket encumbrance: means any mortgage, deed of trust, option to purchase, vendor's lien or interest under a contract or agreement of sale, or other financing lien or encumbrance granted by the membership camping operator or affiliate which secures or evidences the obligation to pay money or to sell or convey any campgrounds made available to purchasers by the membership camping operator or any portion thereof, and which authorizes, permits, or requires the foreclosure or other disposition of the campground. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Board: means the Pooled Money Investment Board. See California Government Code 16493
• board: means any entity listed in Section 101, the entities referred to in Sections 1000 and 3600, the State Bar, the Department of Real Estate, and any other state agency that issues a license, certificate, or registration authorizing a person to engage in a business or profession. See California Business and Professions Code 31
• Board: means the Trustees of the California State University. See California Education Code 90011
• bonds: means State, county, municipal, or other public corporation or district bonds. See California Government Code 5101
• Bonds: as used in this chapter means any bonds or other evidences of indebtedness the principal and interest of which are payable or may be paid from ad valorem taxes or assessments levied by or on behalf of a public body. See California Government Code 5401
• Bonds: as used in this chapter means bonds, warrants, notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued by or on behalf of any public body. See California Government Code 5601
• Bonds: as used in this chapter means (a) any bonds or other evidences of indebtedness issued after the effective date of this chapter by the state or any state department, board, agency or authority or (b) any bonds or other evidences of indebtedness issued by any joint powers agency created under Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 6500) of Division 7 that are payable from payments made with respect to a lease or sale of property to or from the state or any state department, board, agency, or authority. See California Government Code 5700
• Bonds: means general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, or any derivative evidence of indebtedness which includes, but is not limited to, interests in pools, money market mutual funds, and unit investment trusts, issued by or on behalf of any state agency. See California Government Code 5751
• Campground: means real property within this state owned or operated by a membership camping operator and designated in whole or in part by the membership camping operator as available for camping or outdoor recreation by purchasers of membership camping contracts. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Camping site: means a space designed and promoted for the purpose of locating a trailer, tent, tent trailer, pickup camper, or other similar device used for camping. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• candidate: includes any officeholder who is subject to a recall election. See California Elections Code 305
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cash price: means the price of the personal property described in the rental-purchase agreement that the consumer may pay in cash to the lessor at the inception of the rental-purchase agreement to acquire ownership of that personal property. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Categorical populations: means those recipients of services provided pursuant to a program listed in Section 16366. See California Government Code 16366.2
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Child sexual abuse material: means either of the following:

  California Civil Code 3273.65

• Circulating title and summary: means the text that is required to be placed on a petition for signatures that is either one of the following:

  California Elections Code 303.5

• City: includes "city and county" and "incorporated town" but does not include "unincorporated town" or "village. See California Government Code 20
• City: includes city and county. See California Business and Professions Code 18
• City: includes "city and county" and "incorporated town. See California Streets and Highways Code 15
• Clerk: means the clerk of a county board of supervisors. See California Government Code 23231
• Clerk: means the county elections official, registrar of voters, city clerk, or other officer or board charged with the duty of conducting any election. See California Elections Code 307
• Clerk: means the clerk of a county board of supervisors. See California Government Code 23301
• Clerk: means the clerk of the county board of supervisors. See California Government Code 23501
• Commission: means the County Boundary Review Commission. See California Government Code 23231
• Commission: means the County Formation Review Commission. See California Government Code 23301
• commission: means the California Transportation Commission. See California Streets and Highways Code 22
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Computer system: means a computer processor and a video monitor, printer, and peripheral items primarily designed for use with a computer. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Construction: includes :

  California Streets and Highways Code 29

• Consumer: means a natural person or persons who rent or lease personal property from a lessor pursuant to a rental-purchase agreement or to whom a lessor offers personal property for use pursuant to a rental-purchase agreement. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• contestant: means any person initiating an election contest. See California Elections Code 16002
• Contiguous: means territory which adjoins the boundary line of the proposed county. See California Government Code 23301
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• contract for dance studio lessons and other services: means a contract for instruction in ballroom or other types of dancing, and includes lessons and other services, whether given to students individually or in groups. See California Civil Code 1812.51
• contract for health studio services: means a contract for instruction, training or assistance in physical culture, body building, exercising, reducing, figure development, or any other such physical skill, or for the use by an individual patron of the facilities of a health studio, gymnasium or other facility used for any of the above purposes, or for membership in any group, club, association or organization formed for any of the above purposes. See California Civil Code 1812.81
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Cost of rental: means the difference between the total of all periodic payments necessary to acquire ownership under the rental-purchase agreement and the cash price of the rental property that is subject to the rental-purchase agreement. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County: includes city and county. See California Health and Safety Code 14
• County: includes city and county. See California Business and Professions Code 17
• County: includes "city and county. See California Corporations Code 14
• County: includes "city and county. See California Public Resources Code 14
• County: includes "city and county. See California Streets and Highways Code 14
• County: includes city and county. See California Food and Agricultural Code 29
• County office: means the office filled by any county officer. See California Elections Code 313
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defect: means any flaw in the hardware or documentation of a remote accessible vote by mail system that could result in a state of unfitness for use or nonconformance to the manufacturer's specifications or applicable law. See California Elections Code 19284
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Defendant: means that person whose election or nomination is contested or those persons receiving an equal and highest number of votes, other than the contestant, where, in other than primary elections, the body canvassing the returns declares that no one person has received the highest number of votes for the contested office. See California Elections Code 16002
• department: means State Department of Health Services. See California Health and Safety Code 20
• Department: means the Department of Transportation of this state. See California Streets and Highways Code 20
• Department: means the Department of Food and Agriculture. See California Food and Agricultural Code 32
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Digital firearm manufacturing code: means any digital instructions in the form of computer-aided design files or other code or instructions stored and displayed in electronic format as a digital model that may be used to program a CNC milling machine, a three-dimensional printer, or a similar machine, to manufacture or produce a firearm, including a completed frame or receiver or a firearm precursor part. See California Civil Code 3273.60
• Director: means "State Director of Health Services. See California Health and Safety Code 21
• Director: means a member of the governing body. See California Elections Code 10500
• Director: means the director of the department. See California Streets and Highways Code 21
• directors: means natural persons, designated in the articles or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and natural persons designated, elected, or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the governing body of the corporation. See California Corporations Code 5047
• Disability: means a medical condition, mental disability, or physical disability, as those terms are defined in subdivisions (i), (j), and (l) of §. See California Elections Code 354.5
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Dismissal: means dismissal for cause. See California Education Code 89530
• District: as used in this part , means a district formed pursuant to this part or pursuant to any law which it supersedes. See California Health and Safety Code 6400
• District-based elections: means a method of electing members to the governing body of a political subdivision in which the candidate must reside within an election district that is a divisible part of the political subdivision and is elected only by voters residing within that election district. See California Elections Code 14026
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Election: means any election including a primary that is provided for under this code. See California Elections Code 318
• Elections official: means any of the following:

  California Elections Code 320

• Elective office: means any office that may, under the principal act of the district or agency, be filled by way of an election. See California Elections Code 10500
• Elective officer: means "elective officer" as defined by the principal act of each district or agency or if not defined, any officer of a district or agency holding an office that can be filled by election. See California Elections Code 10500
• Elector: means a person who is a United States citizen 18 years of age or older and, except as specified in subdivision (b), is a resident of an election precinct in this state on or before the day of an election. See California Elections Code 321
• Electronic device: means a desktop or laptop computer, handheld device, tablet, smartphone, or other electronic product or device that has a platform on which to download, install, or run any software program, code, script, or other content. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Electronic transmission by the corporation: means a communication (a) delivered by (1) facsimile telecommunication or electronic mail when directed to the facsimile number or electronic mail address, respectively, for that recipient on record with the corporation, (2) posting on an electronic message board or network which the corporation has designated for those communications, together with a separate notice to the recipient of the posting, which transmission shall be validly delivered upon the later of the posting or delivery of the separate notice thereof, or (3) other means of electronic communication, (b) to a recipient who has provided an unrevoked consent to the use of those means of transmission for communications under or pursuant to this code, and (c) that creates a record that is capable of retention, retrieval, and review, and that may thereafter be rendered into clearly legible tangible form. See California Corporations Code 20
• Electronic transmission to the corporation: means a communication (a) delivered by (1) facsimile telecommunication or electronic mail when directed to the facsimile number or electronic mail address, respectively, which the corporation has provided from time to time to shareholders or members and directors for sending communications to the corporation, (2) posting on an electronic message board or network which the corporation has designated for those communications, and which transmission shall be validly delivered upon the posting, or (3) other means of electronic communication, (b) as to which the corporation has placed in effect reasonable measures to verify that the sender is the shareholder or member (in person or by proxy) or director purporting to send the transmission, and (c) that creates a record that is capable of retention, retrieval, and review, and that may thereafter be rendered into clearly legible tangible form. See California Corporations Code 21
• eligible bank: means a state or national bank located in this state, selected by the Treasurer for the safekeeping of money belonging to or in the custody of the state, that has received an overall rating of not less than "satisfactory" in its most recent evaluation by the appropriate federal financial supervisory agency of the bank's record of meeting the credit needs of the state's communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, pursuant to Section 2906 of Title 12 of the United States Code. See California Government Code 16500
• Eligible savings and loan association: means a state or federal savings association, as defined in §. See California Government Code 16600
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Energy settlement agreement: means any agreement arising from the energy crisis of 2000-02, where the State of California or a division of the State of California, is a party in a complaint or any action relating to the operation and management of any generation facilities, any sale or purchase or transmission of natural gas, any sale or purchase or transmission of electricity or other utility or energy goods and services, or a violation of the Federal Power Act (16 U. See California Government Code 16428.2
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equal Credit Opportunity Act: Prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because an applicant receives income from a public assistance program. ^{Source: OCC}
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• evidence of indebtedness: includes , but is not limited to, certificates of participation or interests in any rental or lease payments or installment purchase payments, in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000, to be made by the state or any state department, board, agency, or authority with respect to buildings or other capital improvements. See California Government Code 5700
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• executed: when used with respect to the documents filed pursuant to this code or pursuant to regulations adopted under this code, and presented to the Secretary of State, include a document bearing a signature under subdivision (a). See California Corporations Code 17.1
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Express consent: means the affirmative agreement to any use or installation of geophysical location tracking technology or remote technical assistance. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Facsimile signature: means the reproduction by engraving, imprinting, stamping, or other means of the manual signature of an authorized officer. See California Government Code 5500
• Failure: means a discrepancy between the external results of the operation of any software or firmware in a remote accessible vote by mail system and the manufacturer's product requirements for that software or firmware or applicable law. See California Elections Code 19284
• Fair Debt Collection Practices Act: The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is a set of United States statutes added as Title VIII of the Consumer Credit Protection Act. Its purpose is to ensure ethical practices in the collection of consumer debts and to provide consumers with an avenue for disputing and obtaining validation of debt information in order to ensure the information's accuracy. It is often used in conjunction with the Fair Credit Reporting Act. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fault: means a step, process, or data definition in any software or firmware in a ballot marking system that is incorrect under the manufacturer's program specification or applicable law. See California Elections Code 19284
• Federal election: means any presidential election, general election, primary election, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of selecting, nominating, or electing any candidate for the office of President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the United States Senate, or Member of the United States House of Representatives. See California Elections Code 323
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federally licensed firearms manufacturer: means a person, firm, corporation, or other entity that holds a valid license to manufacture firearms issued pursuant to Chapter 44 (commencing with Section 921) of Part I of Title 18 of the United States Code and regulations issued pursuant thereto. See California Civil Code 3273.60
• Fee: means any payment, charge, fee, cost, or expense, however denominated, other than a rental payment. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Firearm accessory: means an attachment or device designed or adapted to be inserted into, affixed onto, or used in conjunction with a firearm that is designed, intended, or functions to alter or enhance the firing capabilities of a firearm, the lethality of the firearm, or a shooter's ability to hold and use a firearm. See California Civil Code 3273.50
• Firearm industry member: shall mean a person, firm, corporation, company, partnership, society, joint stock company, or any other entity or association engaged in the manufacture, distribution, importation, marketing, wholesale sale, or retail sale of firearm-related products. See California Civil Code 3273.50
• Firearm manufacturing machine: means a three-dimensional printer, as defined in §. See California Civil Code 3273.50
• Firearm-related product: means a firearm, ammunition, a firearm precursor part, a firearm component, firearm manufacturing machine, and a firearm accessory that meets any of the following conditions:

  California Civil Code 3273.50

• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freeway: means a highway in respect to which the owners of abutting lands have no right or easement of access to or from their abutting lands or in respect to which such owners have only limited or restricted right or easement of access. See California Streets and Highways Code 23.5
• Fund: means the Ratepayer Relief Fund established in Section 16428. See California Government Code 16428.2
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• General district election: means an election held pursuant to the provisions of this part. See California Elections Code 10500
• General election: means either of the following:

  California Elections Code 324

• Geophysical location tracking technology: means hardware, software, or an application that collects and reports data or information that identifies the precise geophysical location of an item, including technologies that report the GPS coordinates of an electronic device, the WiFi signals available to or actually used by an electronic device to access the Internet, the telecommunication towers or connections available to or actually used by an electronic device, the processing of any reported data or information through geolocation lookup services, or any information derived from any combination of the foregoing. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Germane: On the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Governing board: means board of school trustees, community college board of trustees, and city, and city and county board of education. See California Education Code 78
• Governing body: as used in this chapter means the board of supervisors, city council, board of directors or other legislative or governing body which has the power to fix the annual tax or assessment levy for a public body. See California Government Code 5402
• Governing body: means the board of directors of a district or agency or the board or body which governs the activities of the district or agency. See California Elections Code 10500
• Governing body: means the board, authority, trustees, director, commission, committee, secretary, or other policy making body that exercises authority over a state agency. See California Government Code 5751
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• health care facility: means a facility, other than a facility licensed under Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code, that is owned or operated by a health care service plan licensed pursuant to Chapter 2. See California Business and Professions Code 4027
• highway: includes all or any part of the entire width of right of way of a county highway, whether or not such entire area is actually used for highway purposes. See California Streets and Highways Code 1480
• highway: includes bridges, culverts, curbs, drains, and all works incidental to highway construction, improvement, and maintenance. See California Streets and Highways Code 23
• Indebtedness: means the net obligations of a county arising from contract or through the operation of law, other than short-term operational expenses, but including and not limited to obligations arising under general obligation bonds, leases, joint powers agreements, and similar obligations or contracts entered into by the county prior to the date on which a petition is filed. See California Government Code 23301
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indenture: means an agreement entered into by the board pursuant to which revenue bonds are issued, regardless of whether the agreement is expressed in the form of a resolution of the board or by other instrument. See California Education Code 90011
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Inspector: means the supervisor of the precinct board of which he or she is a member. See California Elections Code 325
• Instrument of payment: means a check, draft, warrant, or order for the payment, delivery, or transfer of funds. See California Government Code 5500
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• issuer: means a nonprofit corporation, a joint powers authority or a parking authority. See California Government Code 5803
• issuing body: means the State, any subdivision thereof, municipality, public corporation, or district. See California Government Code 5103
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• joint powers authority: means any entity defined in Section 6542. See California Government Code 5801
• Judicial office: means the office filled by any judicial officer. See California Elections Code 326
• Judicial officer: means any Justice of the Supreme Court, justice of a court of appeal, or judge of the superior court. See California Elections Code 327
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• Landowner voting district: means a district whose principal act requires an elector to be an owner of land located within the district. See California Elections Code 10500
• Layoff: means separation from a position for lack of funds or lack of work. See California Education Code 89530
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legislative body: means any or all of the following:

  California Education Code 89305.1

• Lessor: means any person or entity that provides or offers to provide personal property for use by consumers pursuant to a rental-purchase agreement. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• license: means license, certificate, registration, or other means to engage in a business or profession regulated by this code or referred to in Section 1000 or 3600. See California Business and Professions Code 23.7
• license: includes certificate or permit. See California Business and Professions Code 5096.7
• licensed clinic: means a clinic licensed pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 1200) of Chapter 1 of Division 2 of . See California Business and Professions Code 4027
• licensed health care facility: means a facility licensed pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 1250) of Chapter 2 of Division 2 of . See California Business and Professions Code 4027
• licensed home health agency: means a private or public organization licensed by the State Department of Public Health pursuant to Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 1725) of Division 2 of . See California Business and Professions Code 4027
• Licensee: means any person authorized by a license, certificate, registration, or other means to engage in a business or profession regulated by this code or referred to in Sections 1000 and 3600. See California Business and Professions Code 23.8
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Livestock: means any cattle, sheep, swine, goat, or any horse, mule, or other equine, whether living or dead. See California Food and Agricultural Code 55701
• Local agency: means a city, county, city and county, special district, school district, county board of education, or community college district which levied a property tax during the 1977-78 fiscal year or for which a property tax was levied. See California Government Code 16493
• Local election: is a municipal, county, or district election. See California Elections Code 328
• maintenance: includes any of the following:

  California Streets and Highways Code 27

• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• Measure: means any constitutional amendment or other proposition submitted to a popular vote at any election. See California Elections Code 329
• Meatpacker: means an establishment where livestock are either slaughtered, the carcasses thereof are prepared, or meat is processed and where state or federal inspection is maintained. See California Food and Agricultural Code 55701
• Meeting: includes any congregation of a majority of the membership of a legislative body at the same time and place to hear, discuss, or deliberate upon any item that is within the subject matter jurisdiction of the legislative body to which it pertains. See California Education Code 89305.1
• Membership camping contract: means an agreement offered or sold within the State of California by a membership camping operator or membership camping broker evidencing a purchaser's right or license to use for more than 14 days in a year, the campgrounds of a membership camping operator and includes a membership which provides for this use. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Membership camping operator: means any enterprise, other than one that is tax exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, that has as one of its purposes the ownership or operation of campgrounds which include or may include use of camping sites, that solicits membership paid for by a fee or periodic payments, such as annual dues, and the contractual members are the primary intended users. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• milk plant: as used in this article , means any place, structure, or building where a handler receives market milk and weighs, tests, standardizes, pasteurizes, homogenizes, separates, bottles or packages such milk. See California Food and Agricultural Code 62143
• Monitoring technology: means any hardware, software, or application utilized in conjunction with an electronic device that can cause the electronic device to capture, monitor, record, or report information about user activities with or without the user's knowledge. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See California Civil Code 14
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Municipal election: means elections in general law cities and where applicable in chartered cities. See California Elections Code 330
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• New resident: means a person who meets all requirements of an elector of the State of California except that his or her residency was established subsequent to the 15th day prior to the election. See California Elections Code 332
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nominate: means the selection, at a state-conducted primary election, of candidates who are entitled by law to participate in the general election for that office, but does not mean any other lawful mechanism that a political party may adopt for the purposes of choosing the candidate who is preferred by the party for a nonpartisan or voter-nominated office. See California Elections Code 332.5
• Nomination documents: means declaration of candidacy and nomination papers. See California Elections Code 333
• Nondisturbance agreement: means an instrument in recordable form by which the holder of a blanket encumbrance agrees to all of the following:

  California Civil Code 1812.300

• Nonpartisan office: means an office, except for a voter-nominated office, for which no party may nominate a candidate. See California Elections Code 334
• Notice: includes all papers and orders required to be served in any proceedings before any court, board, or officer, or when required by law to be served independently of such proceeding. See California Government Code 26660
• Oath: includes affirmation. See California Elections Code 335
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Offer: means any solicitation reasonably designed to result in entering into a membership camping contract. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• order: means declaration, proclamation, or order of any officer or court having jurisdiction to make the declaration, proclamation, or order. See California Government Code 5104
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• parking authority: means any entity created pursuant to Division 18 (commencing with Section 31500) of the Streets and Highways Code. See California Government Code 5802
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Party: means a political party or organization that has qualified for participation in any primary or presidential general election. See California Elections Code 338
• Permanent: means that the employee has a right to continued employment unless dismissed or laid off. See California Education Code 89530
• Person: includes any person, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, or company. See California Government Code 17
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, association, or other organization other than a government or a subdivision thereof. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Person: means any person, firm, association, organization, partnership, business trust, corporation, limited liability company, or company. See California Health and Safety Code 19
• Person: includes any individual, firm, corporation, association, copartnership, trust, business trust, receiver, trustee, or conservator for any thereof, but does not include this state or any public corporation, political subdivision, city, county, district, or any agency thereof or of this state. See California Education Code 90011
• Person: includes a corporation as well as a natural person. See California Corporations Code 18
• Person: means any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation, organization, limited liability company, or business trust. See California Streets and Highways Code 19
• personal property: include money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt. See California Civil Code 14
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Political subdivision: means a geographic area of representation created for the provision of government services, including, but not limited to, a general law city, general law county, charter city, charter county, charter city and county, school district, community college district, or other district organized pursuant to state law. See California Elections Code 14026
• Political subdivision: means a geographic area of representation created for the provision of government services, including, but not limited to, a city, a school district, a community college district, or other district organized pursuant to state law. See California Elections Code 14051
• Polling place: means a location where a voter casts a ballot and includes the following terms, as applicable: poll, polling location, and vote center. See California Elections Code 338.5
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precinct: means a geographical area within a county that is made up of voters and is formed pursuant to Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 12200) of Division 12. See California Elections Code 338.6
• precinct board: means the board appointed by the elections official to serve at a vote center. See California Elections Code 339
• Precinct board member: is a member of the precinct board and includes an election officer. See California Elections Code 339
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Primary election: includes all primary nominating elections provided for by this code. See California Elections Code 341
• Principal act: means the law providing for the creation of a particular district or agency or type of district or agency. See California Elections Code 10500
• Principal county: means the county from which it is proposed that territory with the greatest proportion of assessed value, as shown on the last equalized assessment roll, relative to the total amount of taxable property within the boundaries of a proposed county, is to be transferred to create, in part, that proposed county. See California Government Code 23301
• Principal county: means the county with the greatest proportion of assessed value, as shown on the last equalized assessment roll, to the total amount of taxable property in the county. See California Government Code 23501
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Process: includes a writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings of either a civil or criminal nature. See California Government Code 22
• Project: means any one or more dormitories or other housing facilities, boarding facilities, student union or activity facilities, vehicle parking facilities, alternative transportation programs, or any other auxiliary or supplementary facilities for individual or group accommodation, owned or operated or authorized to be acquired, constructed, furnished, equipped, and operated by the board for use by students, faculty members, or other employees of any one or more campuses of the California State University, or a combination of those facilities, which may include facilities already completed and facilities authorized for future completion, or any other facilities designated by the board as a project in providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or notes. See California Education Code 90011
• property: includes property real and personal. See California Civil Code 14
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Protected class: means a class of voters who are members of a race, color, or language minority group, as this class is referenced and defined in the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U. See California Elections Code 14026
• public body: means any county, city and county, city, municipal corporation, political subdivision, public district, public corporation or public authority, or any agency of any thereof, but does not include the federal government or any federal department or agency, this state, an adjoining state or any state department or agency. See California Government Code 5804
• Public body: as used in this chapter means any county, city and county, city, public district, public authority or other public corporation which is authorized to issue bonds. See California Government Code 5400
• Public body: as used in this chapter means any county, city and county, city, public district, public authority or other public corporation, or any agency of any thereof, which is authorized to issue bonds. See California Government Code 5600
• public body: means any county, city and county, city, municipal corporation, political subdivision, public district, public corporation or public authority, or any agency thereof. See California Government Code 5651
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• public leaseback: means any lease by a public body of all or any part of a public project where the lease is between such public body as lessee and an issuer as lessor and the lease is executed before the public project is acquired, constructed or completed. See California Government Code 5807
• public project: means any land, structure, facility or equipment or other personal property, the acquisition, construction or completion of which is to be financed by securities of an issuer if any of the payments of principal of and interest on such securities is to be paid by such issuer from funds derived from rental or other payments which any one or more public bodies has agreed to pay to such issuer under a public leaseback. See California Government Code 5806
• public securities: means any issue of bonds, notes, warrants or other evidences of indebtedness and the interest coupons, if any, attached thereto, issued or proposed to be issued by any public body. See California Government Code 5650
• Public security: means a bond, note, certificate of indebtedness, or other obligation for the payment of money, issued by any county, city, or public district. See California Government Code 5500
• Punching: includes marking a ballot card to record a vote. See California Elections Code 345
• Purchaser: means a person who enters into a membership camping contract and thereby obtains the right to use the campgrounds of a membership camping operator. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• qualified trust company: means the trust department of any State or National bank in this State or a trust company authorized to act as such in this State. See California Government Code 16550
• qualified trust company: means the trust department of any state or national bank in this state or a trust company authorized to act as such in this state. See California Government Code 16625
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Racially polarized voting: means voting in which there is a difference, as defined in case law regarding enforcement of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U. See California Elections Code 14026
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Reasonable controls: means reasonable procedures, acts, or practices that are designed, implemented, and enforced to do the following:

  California Civil Code 3273.50

• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Regents of the University of California: means any of the following:

  California Education Code 92020

• Regular election: is a n election, the specific time for the holding of which is prescribed by law. See California Elections Code 348
• Remote accessible vote by mail system: means a mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic system and its software that is used for the sole purpose of marking an electronic vote by mail ballot for a voter who shall print the paper cast vote record to be submitted to the elections official. See California Elections Code 303.3
• Remote technical assistance: means collaborative access by the user and technician to connect to an electronic device for the purpose of providing technical support to the user. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Rental-purchase agreement: except as otherwise provided in this subdivision, means an agreement between a lessor and a consumer pursuant to which the lessor rents or leases, for valuable consideration, personal property for use by a consumer for personal, family, or household purposes for an initial term not exceeding four months that may be renewed or otherwise extended, if under the terms of the agreement the consumer acquires an option or other legally enforceable right to become owner of the property. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Reporting user: means a natural person who reports material to a social media platform using the means provided by the social media platform pursuant to Section 3273. See California Civil Code 3273.65
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Resident voting district: means any district other than a landowner voting district. See California Elections Code 10500
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• revenue bonds: means the written evidence of any obligation, other than revenue bond anticipation notes, issued by the board, payment of which is secured by a pledge of revenues or any part of revenues, as provided in this article, in order to obtain funds with which to carry out the purposes of this article, irrespective of the form of the obligations. See California Education Code 90011
• Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). ^{Source: OCC}
• Roster: means the official list of voters for an election, which may be in paper or electronic form. See California Elections Code 349.5
• rural areas: means areas as defined in Section 101 of Title 23 of the United States Code. See California Streets and Highways Code 2503
• Salesperson: when used without modification, means a person licensed as a salesperson under any of the provisions of this part. See California Business and Professions Code 10013
• School officer: means the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the superintendent of schools of a county. See California Elections Code 352
• Secretary: means the secretary of the governing body or a person designated by him or her to perform a duty of the secretary. See California Elections Code 10500
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Food and Agriculture. See California Food and Agricultural Code 35
• securities: means any bonds, notes, warrants or other evidences of indebtedness and the interest coupons, if any, attached thereto, issued or proposed to be issued in an aggregate principal amount of five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) or more by any issuer to finance a public project. See California Government Code 5805
• sell: means entering into, or other disposition, of a membership camping contract for value. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Sell: includes offer for sale, expose for sale, possess for sale, exchange, barter, or trade. See California Food and Agricultural Code 44
• seller: means membership camping operator. See California Civil Code 1812.300
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Service provider: means any public or private nonprofit agency which provides service directly to categorical populations. See California Government Code 16366.2
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Signature: includes either of the following:

  California Elections Code 354.5

• Signature: includes mark when the signer cannot write, such signer's name being written near the mark by a witness who writes his own name near the signer's name. See California Corporations Code 17
• Signature stamp: means a stamp that contains the impression of any of the following:

  California Elections Code 354.5

• Significant decrease in voter turnout: means the voter turnout for a regularly scheduled election in a political subdivision is at least 25 percent less than the average voter turnout within that political subdivision for the previous four statewide general elections. See California Elections Code 14051
• Software: includes all programs, voting devices, cards, ballot cards or papers, operating manuals or instructions, test procedures, printouts, and other nonmechanical or nonelectrical items necessary to the operation of a voting system. See California Elections Code 355
• Special election: is a n election, the specific time for the holding of which is not prescribed by law. See California Elections Code 356
• Special sessions: as used in this division , means self-supporting instructional programs conducted by the California State University. See California Education Code 89708
• spouse: includes a registered domestic partner, as required by §. See California Civil Code 14
• Spouse: includes "registered domestic partner" as required by §. See California Elections Code 356.5
• State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Health and Safety Code 23
• State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Education Code 77
• State: means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States. See California Business and Professions Code 21
• state agency: includes every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, and commission. See California Government Code 11000
• State highway: means any highway which is acquired, laid out, constructed, improved or maintained as a State highway pursuant to constitutional or legislative authorization. See California Streets and Highways Code 24
• Statewide election: is a n election held throughout the state. See California Elections Code 357
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subdivision: means a subdivision of the section in which that term occurs, unless some other section is expressly mentioned. See California Business and Professions Code 15
• Subdivision: means a subdivision of the section in which that term occurs unless some other section is expressly mentioned. See California Food and Agricultural Code 49
• Subdivision: means a subdivision of the section in which the term occurs unless some other section is expressly mentioned. See California Government Code 10
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Supervising authority: means the board of supervisors of the county in which is situated all or most of the land of a district. See California Elections Code 10500
• teleconference: means a meeting of a legislative body, the members of which are in different locations, connected by electronic means, through either audio or video, or both. See California Education Code 89305.1
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Three-dimensional printer: means a computer-aided manufacturing device capable of producing a three-dimensional object from a three-dimensional digital model through an additive manufacturing process that involves the layering of two-dimensional cross sections formed of a resin or similar material that are fused together to form a three-dimensional object. See California Civil Code 3273.60
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Total of payments: means the total amount of periodic payments necessary to acquire ownership of the property that is the subject of the rental-purchase agreement if the consumer makes all regularly scheduled payments. See California Civil Code 1812.622
• Town: includes "unincorporated town" and "village. See California Government Code 21
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transferring county: means the county from which territory is, or is proposed to be, transferred by reason of a county boundary change. See California Government Code 23231
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• trustees: means the Trustees of the California State University, created under Section 66600. See California Education Code 89000
• Trustor: The person who makes or creates a trust. Also known as the grantor or settlor.
• Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Uninhabited territory: means territory where less than 12 persons who have been registered to vote within the territory for at least 54 days reside at the time of filing of a petition or resolution for county boundary change. See California Government Code 23231
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Veterinary food-animal drugs: as used in this chapter shall include the following:

  California Business and Professions Code 4042

• Vote center: means a location established for holding elections that offers the services described in Sections 2170 and 4005. See California Elections Code 357.5
• Vote tabulating device: means any piece of equipment, other than a voting machine, that compiles a total of votes cast by means of ballot card sorting, ballot card reading, paper ballot scanning, electronic data processing, or a combination of that type of equipment. See California Elections Code 358
• Voter: means any elector who is registered under this code. See California Elections Code 359
• Voter: means a voter or elector as respectively defined in the principal act of each district or agency. See California Elections Code 10500
• Voter list: means the list of registered voters in a single or consolidated precinct or in an entire county. See California Elections Code 359.2
• Voter turnout: means the percentage of voters who are eligible to cast ballots within a given political subdivision who voted. See California Elections Code 14051
• Voter-nominated office: means a congressional or state elective office for which a candidate may choose to have his or her party preference or lack of party preference indicated upon the ballot. See California Elections Code 359.5
• Voting device: means any device used in conjunction with a ballot card or cards to indicate the choice of the voter by marking, punching, or slotting the ballot card. See California Elections Code 360
• Voting machine: means any electronic device, including, but not limited to, a precinct optical scanner and a direct recording voting system, into which a voter may enter his or her votes, and which, by means of electronic tabulation and generation of printouts or other tangible, human-readable records, furnishes a total of the number of votes cast for each candidate and for or against each measure. See California Elections Code 361
• Voting system: means a mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic system and its software, or any combination of these used for casting a ballot, tabulating votes, or both. See California Elections Code 362
• will: includes codicil. See California Civil Code 14
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.