(a) As used in this section:

(1) “S corporation” means any corporation which is an S corporation for federal income tax purposes and which is either (A) a domestic S corporation, or (B) a foreign S corporation that is required to obtain a certificate of authority from the Secretary of the State before transacting business in this state, whether or not it has obtained such a certificate;

(2) “Limited liability company” means any limited liability company which is, for federal income tax purposes, either treated as a partnership, if it has two or more members, or disregarded as an entity separate from its owner, if it has a single member, and which is either (A) a domestic limited liability company, or (B) a foreign limited liability company that is required to register with the Secretary of the State before transacting business in this state, whether or not it has so registered;

(3) “Limited liability partnership” means any limited liability partnership which is either (A) a domestic limited liability partnership, or (B) a foreign limited liability partnership that is required to file a certificate of authority with the Secretary of the State before transacting business in this state, whether or not it has filed such certificate;

(4) “Limited partnership” means any limited partnership which is either (A) a domestic limited partnership, or (B) a foreign limited partnership that is required under chapter 610 to register with the Secretary of the State before transacting business in this state, whether or not it has so registered;

(5) “Taxable year” means taxable year, for federal income tax purposes;

(6) “Affected business entity” means any S corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership or limited partnership;

(7) “Domestic S corporation”, “domestic limited liability company”, “domestic limited liability partnership” or “domestic limited partnership” means any such corporation, company or partnership that is formed under the laws of this state; and

(8) “Foreign S corporation”, “foreign limited liability company”, “foreign limited liability partnership” or “foreign limited partnership” means any such corporation, company or partnership that is not a domestic corporation, company or partnership.

(b) Each limited liability company, limited liability partnership, limited partnership and S corporation shall be liable for the tax imposed by this section for each taxable year or portion thereof that such company, partnership or corporation is an affected business entity. For taxable years commencing prior to January 1, 2013, each affected business entity shall annually, on or before the fifteenth day of the fourth month following the close of its taxable year, pay to the Commissioner of Revenue Services a tax in the amount of two hundred fifty dollars. For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 2013, but prior to January 1, 2020, each affected business entity shall, on or before the fifteenth day of the fourth month following the close of every other taxable year, pay to the Commissioner of Revenue Services a tax in the amount of two hundred fifty dollars.

(c) Upon failure of any affected business entity to pay the tax due under this section within thirty days of the due date, the provisions of § 12-35 shall apply with respect to the enforcement of this section and the collection of such tax. The warrant therein provided for shall be signed by the commissioner or an authorized agent of the commissioner. The amount of any such tax, penalty and interest shall be a lien, from the thirty-first day of December next preceding the due date of such tax until discharged by payment, against all real estate of the taxpayer within the state, and a certificate of such lien signed by the commissioner may be filed for record in the office of the clerk of any town in which such real estate is situated, provided no such lien shall be effective as against any bona fide purchaser or qualified encumbrancer of any interest in any such property. When any tax with respect to which a lien has been recorded under the provisions of this section has been satisfied, the commissioner, upon request of any interested party, shall issue a certificate discharging such lien, which certificate shall be recorded in the same office in which the lien was recorded. Any action for the foreclosure of such lien shall be brought by the Attorney General in the name of the state in the superior court for the judicial district in which the property subject to such lien is situated, or, if such property is located in two or more judicial districts, in the superior court for any one such judicial district, and the court may limit the time for redemption or order the sale of such property or make such other or further decree as it judges equitable.

(d) If any affected business entity fails to pay the amount of tax reported to be due on such entity’s return within the time specified under the provisions of this section, there shall be imposed a penalty of fifty dollars, which penalty shall be payable to, and recoverable by, the commissioner in the same manner as the tax imposed under this section. Subject to the provisions of § 12-3a, the commissioner may waive all or part of the penalties provided under this section when it is proven to the commissioner’s satisfaction that the failure to pay any tax was due to reasonable cause and was not intentional or due to neglect.

(e) If any tax is not paid when due as provided in this section, there shall be added to the amount of the tax interest at the rate of one per cent per month or fraction thereof from the date the tax became due until it is paid.

(f) If the commissioner is satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the failure to file a return or to pay the tax was due to reasonable cause and was not intentional or due to neglect, the commissioner may abate or remit the whole or any part of any penalty under this section.

(g) The provisions of sections 12-548 to 12-554, inclusive, and § 12-555a shall apply to the provisions of this section in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if the language of said sections 12-548 to 12-554, inclusive, and § 12-555a had been incorporated in full into this section and had expressly referred to the tax under this section, except to the extent that any such provision is inconsistent with a provision of this section.