(1) A health care corporation shall not do any of the following:
  (a) Misrepresent pertinent facts or certificate provisions relating to coverage.

Terms Used In Michigan Laws 550.1402

  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  (b) Fail to acknowledge promptly or to act reasonably and promptly upon communications with respect to a claim arising under a certificate.
  (c) Fail to adopt and implement reasonable standards for the prompt investigation of a claim arising under a certificate.
  (d) Refuse to pay claims without conducting a reasonable investigation based upon the available information.
  (e) Fail to affirm or deny coverage of a claim within a reasonable time after a claim has been received.
  (f) Fail to attempt in good faith to make a prompt, fair, and equitable settlement of a claim for which liability has become reasonably clear.
  (g) Compel members to institute litigation to recover amounts due under a certificate by offering substantially less than the amounts due.
  (h) By making reference to written or printed advertising material accompanying or made part of an application for coverage, attempt to settle a claim for less than the amount which a reasonable person would believe was due under the certificate.
  (i) For the purpose of compelling a member to accept a settlement or compromise in a claim, make known to the member a policy of appealing from administrative hearing decisions in favor of members.
  (j) Attempt to settle a claim on the basis of an application which was altered without notice to, or knowledge or consent of, the subscriber under whose certificate the claim is being made.
  (k) Delay the investigation or payment of a claim by requiring a member, or the provider of health care services to the member, to submit a preliminary claim and then requiring subsequent submission of a formal claim, seeking solely the duplication of a verification.
  (l) Fail to promptly provide a reasonable explanation of the basis for denial of a claim or for the offer of a compromise settlement.
  (m) Fail to promptly settle a claim where liability has become reasonably clear under 1 portion of a certificate in order to influence a settlement under another portion of the certificate.
  (2) In order to induce a person to contract or to continue to contract with the health care corporation for the provision of health care benefits or administrative or other services offered by the corporation; to induce a person to lapse, forfeit, or surrender a certificate issued by the health care corporation; or to induce a person to secure or terminate coverage with another health care corporation, insurer, health maintenance organization, or other person, a health care corporation shall not, directly or indirectly:
  (a) Issue or deliver to the person money or any other valuable consideration.
  (b) Offer to make or make an agreement relating to a certificate other than as plainly expressed in the certificate.
  (c) Offer to give or pay, or give or pay, directly or indirectly, a rebate or part of the premium, or an advantage with respect to the furnishing of health care benefits or administrative or other services offered by the corporation except as reflected in the rate and expressly provided in the certificate.
  (d) Make, issue, or circulate, or cause to be made, issued, or circulated, any estimate, illustration, circular, or statement misrepresenting the terms of a certificate or contract for administrative or other services, the benefits thereunder, or the true nature thereof.
  (e) Make a misrepresentation or incomplete comparison, whether oral or written, between certificates of the corporation or between certificates or contracts of the corporation and another health care corporation, health maintenance organization, or other person.
  (3) A health care corporation shall not provide a commission or other compensation to the health care corporation’s agent or employee for the sale or service of a health care benefits certificate issued to an individual eligible for medicare, unless the amount of the commission or compensation paid in the first year of the certificate is not more than the amount of the commission or compensation that the health care corporation’s agent or employee receives for the certificate in each of the 2 subsequent, consecutive annual renewal periods.
  (4) A health care corporation shall not issue a certificate to an individual eligible for medicare that provides for a new preexisting condition limitation waiting period if coverage is converted to or replaced by a new or other form of similar coverage with the same health care corporation or any of the health care corporation’s affiliates. If the preexisting condition limitation waiting period in the original or replaced certificate has not expired, the replacing certificate may include the remaining term of the preexisting condition limitation waiting period of the replaced certificate. This subsection does not apply to an increase in benefits voluntarily selected by the individual.
  (5) Nothing in subsection (2) shall prevent a health care corporation from readjusting the rates charged to a subscriber group which is experience-rated based on the previous claims of the group.
  (6) The commissioner shall allow a health care corporation to participate in any trade practice conference for disability insurers convened under section 2047 of Act No. 218 of the Public Acts of 1956, being section 500.2047 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and may bind a health care corporation to any rules promulgated as provided in that section.
  (7) Nothing in this section shall alter or supersede any provider class plan established pursuant to part 5.
  (8) If the commissioner has probable cause to believe that a health care corporation is violating, or has violated subsection (1), indicating a persistent tendency to engage in conduct prohibited by that subsection, or has probable cause to believe that a health care corporation is violating, or has violated subsection (2), (3), or (4), he or she shall give written notice to the corporation, pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, being section 24.201 to 24.328 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, setting forth the general nature of the complaint against the corporation and the proceedings contemplated under this section. Before the issuance of a notice of hearing, the staff of the bureau of insurance responsible for the matters which would be at issue in the hearing shall give the corporation an opportunity to confer and discuss the possible complaint and proceedings in person with the commissioner or a representative of the commissioner, and the matter may be disposed of summarily upon agreement of the parties. This subsection shall not be construed to diminish the right of a person to bring an action for damages under this section.
  (9) A hearing held pursuant to subsection (8) shall be held in accordance with section 2030 of the insurance code of 1956, Act No. 218 of the Public Acts of 1956, as amended, being section 500.2030 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. The hearing shall be held pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969. If, after the hearing, the commissioner determines that the health care corporation is violating, or has violated subsection (1), indicating a persistent tendency to engage in conduct prohibited by that subsection, or is violating, or has violated subsection (2), (3), or (4), the commissioner shall reduce his or her findings and decision to writing, and shall issue and cause to be served upon the corporation a copy of the findings and an order requiring the corporation to cease and desist from engaging in the prohibited activity. The commissioner may at any time, by order, and after notice and opportunity for a hearing, reopen and alter, modify, or set aside, in whole or in part, an order issued by him or her under this subsection, when in his or her opinion conditions of fact or law have so changed as to require that action, or if the public interest so requires.
  (10) A health care corporation which violates a cease and desist order of the commissioner issued under subsection (9), after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, and upon order of the commissioner, may be subject to a civil fine of not more than $10,000.00 for each violation.
  (11) In addition to other remedies provided by law, an aggrieved member may bring an action for actual monetary damages sustained as a result of a violation of this section. If successful on the merits, the member shall be awarded actual monetary damages or $200.00, whichever is greater, together with reasonable attorneys’ fees. If the health care corporation shows by a preponderance of the evidence that a violation of this section resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid the error, the amount of recovery shall be limited to actual monetary damages.
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