Part 1 Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Act
Part 2 General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation
Part 3 Territorial Applicability and General Rules

Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 440 > Act 174 of 1962 > Article 1 - General Provisions

  • Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
  • Administrator: means the secretary of state or any individual designated by the secretary of state to act in his or her place. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • Aggrieved party: means a party entitled to resort to a remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • annual meeting: when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April. See Michigan Laws 8.3d
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Approved educational institution: means a school, academy, or other similar establishment approved by the administrator under section 13a to provide training to mechanics or mechanical trainees under this act. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Authority: means an authority formed by contract pursuant to this act. See Michigan Laws 124.112
  • Automobile or light truck: means a motor vehicle that has a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 14,000 pounds. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • BAIID service: means the installation, removal, repair, or other servicing of breath alcohol ignition interlock devices. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • Bank: means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Bearer: means a person in control of a negotiable electronic document of title or a person in possession of an instrument, a negotiable tangible document of title, or a certificated security payable to bearer or indorsed in blank. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Bill of lading: means a document of title evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of directly or indirectly transporting or forwarding goods. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Branch: includes a separately incorporated foreign branch of a bank. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Buyer in ordinary course of business: means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Carrier: means a health, dental, or vision insurance company authorized to do business in this state under, and a health maintenance organization or multiple employer welfare arrangement operating under, the insurance code of 1956, 1956 PA 218, MCL 500. See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Commissioner: means the director of the department of insurance and financial services. See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
  • Creditor: includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Delivery: means either of the following:
  (i) With respect to an electronic document of title, a voluntary transfer of control. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Department: means the department of state. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Document of title: means a record that in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession or control of the record is entitled to receive, control, hold, and dispose of the record and the goods the record covers and that purports to be issued by or addressed to a bailee and to cover goods in the bailee's possession which are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • Economic development project: means land and existing or planned improvements suitable for use by an industrial or commercial enterprise, or housing development, or the protection of the environment, including, but not limited to, groundwater or surface water. See Michigan Laws 124.21
  • Electronic document of title: means a document of title evidenced by a record consisting of information stored in an electronic medium. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Good faith: except as otherwise provided in article 5, means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Governing body: means the board, council, commission, or body in which the policy-making powers of the local government are vested. See Michigan Laws 124.112
  • Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
  • Heavy-duty truck: means a motor vehicle that has a gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or more and includes both single-unit and combination tractor trailer or tractor semitrailer vehicles. See Michigan Laws 257.1302
  • in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
  • Insolvent: means any of the following:
  •   (i) Having generally ceased to pay debts in the ordinary course of business other than as a result of a bona fide dispute. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Local government: means a county, city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 124.112
  • Local unit: means a city, township, or village. See Michigan Laws 124.21
  • Master mechanic: means any of the following:
  •   (i) A motor vehicle mechanic or specialty mechanic who is certified by the department under this act in all of the specific repair or service categories applicable to automobiles or light trucks described in section 10(5). See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Medical benefit plan: means a plan, established and maintained by a carrier or 1 or more public employers, that provides for the payment of medical, optical, or dental benefits, including, but not limited to, hospital and physician services, prescription drugs, and related benefits, to public employees. See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Money: means a medium of exchange authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Motor vehicle: means a vehicle that is self-propelled, a vehicle that is propelled by electric power, a motorcycle, or a trailer as those terms are defined in the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Motor vehicle mechanic: means a technician or other individual who, for compensation, repairs motor vehicles, including the reconditioning, replacement, adjustment, or alteration of the operating condition, of any component or subassembly of a motor vehicle. See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Organization: means a person other than an individual. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • pooled plan: means a public employer pooled plan established pursuant to section 5(1)(b). See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Present value: means the amount as of a date certain of 1 or more sums payable in the future, discounted to the date certain by use of either an interest rate specified by the parties if that rate is not manifestly unreasonable at the time the transaction is entered into or, if an interest rate is not so specified, a commercially reasonable rate that takes into account the facts and circumstances at the time the transaction is entered into. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Public agency: means a single- or multi-purpose public body corporate formed pursuant to a law other than this act or an Indian tribe recognized by the federal government before the year 2000 that exercises governmental authority over land within this state. See Michigan Laws 124.112
  • Public employer: means a city, village, township, county, or other political subdivision of this state; any intergovernmental, metropolitan, or local department, agency, or authority, or other local political subdivision; a school district, a public school academy, or an intermediate school district, as those terms are defined in the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380. See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Public university: means a public university described in section 4, 5, or 6 of article VIII of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 124.73
  • Purchase: means taking by sale, lease, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Recreational trailer: means a travel trailer, camper trailer, or other special purpose or utility trailer or semitrailer designed or intended to be drawn on the highway by an automobile or light truck that has a gross towing vehicle weight of less than 10,000 pounds. See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Remedy: means any remedial right to which an aggrieved party is entitled with or without resort to a tribunal. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Repair: means the reconditioning, adjustment, alteration, maintenance, or diagnosis of the operating condition of a motor vehicle, with or without the replacement of any component or subassembly of a motor vehicle, for compensation or under the terms of a warranty. See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Repair category: means a category of motor vehicle repair work, listed in section 10b, that certification under this act is required to perform. See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • Representative: means a person empowered to act for another, including an agent, an officer of a corporation or association, and a trustee, executor, or administrator of an estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Right: includes remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Security interest: means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • Specialty mechanic: means a motor vehicle mechanic who is certified by the department for a specific repair or service category or categories described in section 10(1). See Michigan Laws 257.1302a
  • State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Tangible document of title: means a document of title evidenced by a record consisting of information that is inscribed on a tangible medium. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Term: means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • third party: means a person that has engaged in a transaction or made an agreement subject to this act. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Warehouse receipt: means a document of title issued by a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
  • writing: includes printing, typewriting, or any other intentional reduction to tangible form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201