Michigan Laws > Chapter 500 > Act 218 of 1956 > Chapter 81 – Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 500 > Act 218 of 1956 > Chapter 81 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation
- Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
- Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
- Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Board: means that term as defined in section 2 of the district library establishment act. See Michigan Laws 397.282
- Chambers: A judge's office.
- Commissioner: means the director. See Michigan Laws 500.102
- Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Cooperative board: means the governing board of a cooperative library. See Michigan Laws 397.552
- Cooperative library: means the library or service center designated by a cooperative board to execute services established by a cooperative plan and provided to libraries participating in a cooperative. See Michigan Laws 397.552
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
- Creditor: is a person having a claim against the insurer, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, absolute, fixed, or contingent. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Delinquency proceeding: means a proceeding instituted against an insurer for the purpose of liquidating, rehabilitating, reorganizing, or conserving such insurer, and a summary proceeding under section 8109 or 8110. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Department: means the department of history, arts, and libraries. See Michigan Laws 397.552
- Director: means , unless the context clearly implies a different meaning, the director of the department. See Michigan Laws 500.102
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- District: means that term as defined in section 2 of the district library establishment act. See Michigan Laws 397.282
- District library: means a library established pursuant to the district library establishment act or a library considered to be established pursuant to the district library establishment act under section 6 of that act. See Michigan Laws 397.282
- Domiciliary state: means the state in which an insurer is incorporated or organized, or, in the case of an alien insurer, its state of entry. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. Source: OCC
- Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
- Foreign country: means any other jurisdiction not in any state. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Foreign guaranty association: means any similar entities now in existence or hereafter created by the legislature of any other state. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC
- Formal delinquency proceeding: means any liquidation or rehabilitation proceeding. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
- general assets: includes all property or its proceeds in excess of the amount necessary to discharge the sum or sums secured by the property. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
- Guaranty association: means the Michigan property and casualty guaranty association, the worker's compensation self-insurance security fund, the Michigan life and health insurance guaranty association, and any other similar entity now or hereafter created by the legislature of this state for the payment of claims of insolvent insurers. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
- in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
- Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
- Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
- insolvent: means :
(i) For an insurer issuing only assessable fire insurance policies:
(A) The inability to pay an obligation within 30 days after it becomes payable. See Michigan Laws 500.8103Insurer: means an individual, corporation, association, partnership, reciprocal exchange, inter-insurer, Lloyds organization, fraternal benefit society, or other legal entity, engaged or attempting to engage in the business of making insurance or surety contracts. See Michigan Laws 500.106 Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers. Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC liabilities: shall include , but not be limited to, reserves required by statute or by rule or specific requirements imposed by the commissioner upon an insurer at the time of admission or subsequent to admission. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Local board: means the board of trustees or directors that has as its primary purpose the supervision of a local public library, or that board contracting for library service, or, if such a board does not exist, the legislative body of the local government that maintains the public library. See Michigan Laws 397.552 Local support: means funds from tax sources, gifts, endowments, penal fines, or other funds received from local sources, excluding state and federal aid as stated in this act. See Michigan Laws 397.552 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. Source: OCC Municipality: means that term as defined in section 2 of the district library establishment act. See Michigan Laws 397.282 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Participating: means that term as defined in section 2 of the district library establishment act. See Michigan Laws 397.282 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Personal property: All property that is not real property. Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. Public library: means a library that is lawfully established for free public purposes by 1 or more counties, cities, townships, villages, school districts, or other local governments or a combination thereof, or by a public or local act, the entire interests of which belong to the general public. See Michigan Laws 397.552 Rate: means the cost of insurance per payroll before adjustment for an individual insured's size, exposure, or loss experience. See Michigan Laws 500.2402 Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Receiver: means receiver, liquidator, rehabilitator, or conservator as the context requires. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 Reciprocal state: means a state other than this state in which all of the following occurs:
(i) In substance and effect sections 8118(1), 8152, 8153, 8155, 8156, and 8157 are in force. See Michigan Laws 500.8103Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Secured claim: means a claim secured by mortgage, trust deed, pledge, deposit as security, escrow, or otherwise, but not including a special deposit claim or claim against general assets. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Special deposit claim: means a claim secured by a deposit made pursuant to statute for the security or benefit of a limited class or classes of persons, but not including a claim secured by general assets. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 State: means a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights. Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony. subscriber: means an individual who enters into an insurance contract for health insurance, or on whose behalf an insurance contract for health insurance is entered into, with an insurer. See Michigan Laws 500.116 Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Transfer: shall include the sale and every other and different mode, direct or indirect, of disposing of or of parting with property or with an interest in property or with the possession of property or of fixing a lien upon property or upon an interest in property, absolutely or conditionally, voluntarily, by or without judicial proceedings. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. Trusteed assets: means the assets of an alien insurer and U. See Michigan Laws 500.8103 United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC