Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
Creditor: is a person having any claim, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, absolute, fixed or contingent. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Doing business: includes any of the following acts, whether effected by mail or otherwise: (A) The issuance or delivery of contracts of insurance to persons resident in this state. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Foreign: when used without limitation, includes all companies formed by authority of any other state or government. See Tennessee Code 56-1-102
Foreign guaranty association: means any entities similar to a guaranty association now in existence in or hereafter created by the legislature of any other state. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
Guaranty association: means the Tennessee insurance guaranty association created by chapter 12, part 1 of this title, the life and health insurance guaranty association created by chapter 12, part 2 of this title, and any other similar entity now or hereafter created by the general assembly of this state for the payment of claims of insolvent insurers. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Insurer: means any person who has done, purports to do, is doing or is licensed to do an insurance business, and is or has been subject to the authority of, or to liquidation, rehabilitation, reorganization, supervision, or conservation by, any insurance commissioner. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
Person: means any association, aggregate of individuals, business, company, corporation, individual, joint-stock company, Lloyds-type organization, organization, partnership, receiver, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, trustee or society. See Tennessee Code 56-16-102
Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
Receiver: means receiver, liquidator, rehabilitator or conservator as the context requires. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in a perceivable form. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
State: means any state, district or territory of the United States and the Panama Canal Zone. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
Transfer: includes the sale and every other and different mode, direct or indirect, of disposing of or of parting with property or with an interest therein, or with the possession thereof or of fixing a lien upon property or upon an interest therein, absolutely or conditionally, voluntarily, by or without judicial proceedings. See Tennessee Code 56-9-103
Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC
(1) Appoint a special deputy or deputies to act for the liquidator under this chapter, and determine the deputy’s reasonable compensation. The special deputy has powers of the liquidator granted by this section. The special deputy shall serve at the pleasure of the liquidator;(2) Employ employees and agents, legal counsel, actuaries, accountants, appraisers, consultants and other personnel the liquidator may deem necessary to assist in the liquidation;(3) Appoint, with the approval of the court, an advisory committee of policyholders, claimants or other creditors, including guaranty associations, should such a committee be deemed necessary. The committee shall serve at the pleasure of the commissioner and shall serve without compensation other than reimbursement for reasonable travel and per diem living expenses. No other committee of any nature shall be appointed by the commissioner or the court in liquidation proceedings conducted under this chapter;(4) Fix the reasonable compensation of employees and agents, legal counsel, actuaries, accountants, appraisers and consultants with the approval of the court;(5) Pay reasonable compensation to persons appointed and defray from the funds or assets of the insurer all expenses of taking possession of, conserving, conducting, liquidating, disposing of, or otherwise dealing with the business and property of the insurer. In the event that the property of the insurer does not contain sufficient cash or liquid assets to defray the costs incurred, the commissioner may advance the costs so incurred out of any appropriation for the maintenance of the department. Any amounts so advanced for expenses of administration shall be repaid to the commissioner for the use of the department out of the first available moneys of the insurer;(6) Hold hearings, subpoena witnesses to compel their attendance, administer oaths, examine any person under oath, and compel any person to subscribe to the person’s testimony after it has been correctly reduced to writing, and, in connection therewith, require the production of any books, papers, records or other documents that the liquidator deems relevant to the inquiry;(7) Audit the books and records of all agents of the insurer insofar as those records relate to the business activities of the insurer;(8) Collect all debts and moneys due and claims belonging to the insurer, wherever located, and for this purpose to:
(A) Institute timely action in other jurisdictions, in order to forestall garnishment and attachment proceedings against the debts;(B) Do such other acts as are necessary or expedient to collect, conserve or protect its assets or property, including the power to sell, compound, compromise or assign debts for purposes of collection upon the terms and conditions as the liquidator deems best; and(C) Pursue any creditor‘s remedies available to enforce the liquidator’s claims;(9) Conduct public and private sales of the property of the insurer;(10) Use assets of the estate of an insurer under a liquidation order to transfer policy obligations to a solvent assuming insurer, if the transfer can be arranged without prejudice to applicable priorities under § 56-9-330;(11) Acquire, hypothecate, encumber, lease, improve, sell, transfer, abandon or otherwise dispose of or deal with any property of the insurer at its market value or upon the terms and conditions as are fair and reasonable. The liquidator also has the power to execute, acknowledge and deliver any and all deeds, assignments, releases and other instruments necessary or proper to effectuate any sale of property or other transaction in connection with the liquidation;(12) Borrow money on the security of the insurer’s assets or without security and execute and deliver all documents necessary to that transaction for the purpose of facilitating the liquidation. Any such funds borrowed may be repaid as an administrative expense and have priority over any other claims in Class 1 under the priority of distribution;(13) Enter into any contracts necessary to carry out the order to liquidate, and affirm or disavow any contracts to which the insurer is a party. However, the liquidator shall not disavow, reject, or repudiate a federal home loan bank security agreement or any pledge agreement, security agreement, collateral agreement, guarantee agreement, or other similar arrangement or credit enhancement relating to a security agreement to which a federal home loan bank is a party;(14) Continue to prosecute and institute in the name of the insurer, or in the liquidator’s own name, any and all suits and other legal proceedings, in this state or elsewhere, and abandon the prosecution of claims the liquidator deems unprofitable to pursue further. If the insurer is dissolved under § 56-9-309, the liquidator shall have the power to apply to any court in this state or elsewhere for leave to substitute the liquidator for the insurer as plaintiff;(15)Prosecute any action that may exist in behalf of the creditors, members, policyholders or shareholders of the insurer against any officer of the insurer, or any other person;(16) Remove any or all records and property of the insurer to the offices of the commissioner or to any other place that may be convenient for the purposes of efficient and orderly execution of the liquidation. Guaranty associations and foreign guaranty associations shall have such reasonable access to the records of the insurer as is necessary for them to carry out their statutory obligations;(17) Deposit in one (1) or more banks in this state the sums required for meeting current administration expenses and dividend distributions;(18) Invest all sums not currently needed, unless the court orders otherwise;(19) File any necessary documents for record in the office of any recorder of deeds or record office in this state or elsewhere where property of the insurer is located;(20) Assert all defenses available to the insurer as against third persons, including statutes of limitation, statutes of frauds, and the defense of usury. A waiver of any defense by the insurer after a petition in liquidation has been filed shall not bind the liquidator. Whenever a guaranty association or foreign guaranty association has an obligation to defend any suit, the liquidator shall give precedence to the obligation and may defend only in the absence of a defense by the guaranty associations;(21) Exercise and enforce all the rights, remedies and powers of any creditor, shareholder, policyholder or member, including any power to avoid any transfer or lien that may be given by the general law and that is not included under §§ 56-9-315 – 56-9-317;(22) Intervene in any proceeding wherever instituted that might lead to the appointment of a receiver or trustee, and act as the receiver or trustee whenever the appointment is offered;(23) Enter into agreements with any receiver or commissioner of any other state relating to the rehabilitation, liquidation, conservation or dissolution of an insurer doing business in both states; and(24) Exercise all powers now held or hereafter conferred upon receivers by the laws of this state not inconsistent with this chapter.(b) The enumeration in this section of the powers and authority of the liquidator shall not be construed as a limitation upon the liquidator, nor shall it exclude in any manner the liquidator’s right to do other acts not herein specifically enumerated or otherwise provided for, that may be necessary or appropriate for the accomplishment of or in aid of the purpose of liquidation.(c) Notwithstanding the powers of the liquidator as stated in subsections (a) and (b), the liquidator has no obligation to defend claims or to continue to defend claims subsequent to the entry of a liquidation order.
