Terms Used In Vermont Statutes > Title 23 > Chapter 13 - Operation of Vehicles

• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: means the national professional organization of dietitians that provides direction and leadership for quality dietetic practice, education, and research. See
• Acupuncture: means the insertion of fine needles through the skin at certain points on the body, with or without the application of electric current or the application of heat to the needles or skin, or both, for the purpose of promoting health and balance as defined by traditional and modern Oriental theories. See
• Adjunctive therapies: means to treat the human body by manual, mechanical, electrical, or natural methods, or by the use of physical means which include light, heat, water, or exercise in preparation for a chiropractic adjustment or manipulation. See
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Advisor: means an advisor appointed to give advice to the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation under section 4705 of this title. See
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Agency: means the Agency of Natural Resources. See
• Agricultural service vehicle: means a motor truck that shall be registered under subsection 367(a) of this title and is used for the purpose of transporting to or from a farm:

• Alcohol: includes alcohol, malt beverages, spirits, fortified wines, and vinous beverages, as defined in 7 V. See
• Alcohol assessment screening: means an assessment of an individual's use of alcohol, which includes consideration of the results of any available tests relating to the individual's blood alcohol content, the individual's motor vehicle record, responses to an alcohol screening questionnaire approved by the Secretary of Human Services, personal interviews, and any other relevant information that is identified in any subsequent report. See
• Alcohol concentration: means

• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy: means a national professional association of marriage and family therapists that accredits marriage and family therapy academic programs and provides direction and leadership for marriage and family therapy practice, education, and research. See
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annual meeting: when applied to towns shall mean the annual town meeting in March or an adjournment thereof. See
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Approved naturopathic medical college: means a college that grants a degree of doctor of naturopathic medicine or doctor of naturopathy:

• Architect: means a person who is licensed to practice architecture under this chapter. See
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Association: shall mean an association, compact, or corporation, any of which shall be organized not for profit, and formed for the purpose of entering into intermunicipal insurance agreements under this subchapter. See
• Athlete: means any individual participating in fitness training and conditioning, sports, or other athletic competition, practices, or events requiring physical strength, agility, flexibility, range of motion, speed, or stamina. See
• Athletic training: means the application of principles and methods of conditioning, the prevention, immediate care, recognition, evaluation, assessment, and treatment of athletic and orthopedic injuries within the scope of education and training, the organization and administration of an athletic training program, and the education and counseling of athletes, coaches, family members, medical personnel, communities, and groups in the area of care and prevention of athletic and orthopedic injuries. See
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attest services: means providing the following services:

• Auction: means the offering of real or personal property for sale by means of exchanges between an auctioneer and bidders. See
• Auctioneer: means a person who, for a fee or other compensation, conducts, advertises, or offers services to conduct auctions. See
• Authorized emergency vehicle: means a vehicle of a fire department, police vehicle, public and private ambulance, and a vehicle to which a permit has been issued pursuant to subdivision 1252(a)(1) or (2) of this title. See
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bank: means the Vermont Bond Bank established by section 4571 of this title. See
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Barbering: means engaging in the continuing performance, for compensation, of any of the following activities: cutting, shampooing, or styling hair; shaving the face, shaving around the vicinity of the ears and neckline, or trimming facial hair; facials, skin care, or scalp massages, and bleaching, coloring, straightening, or permanent-waving hair, or similar work by any means, with hands or mechanical or electrical apparatus or appliances. See
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• biennially: shall mean the year in which a regular session of the General Assembly is held. See
• Board: means the Board of Public Accountancy. See
• Board: means the "Vermont Board of Architecture. See
• Board: means the Board of Chiropractic created under section 527 of this title. See
• Board: means the Board of Dental Examiners. See
• Board: means the Electricians' Licensing Board created under this chapter. See
• Board: means the Board of Professional Engineering. See
• Board: means the board of sewage disposal commissioners. See
• Board: means the Board of Allied Mental Health Practitioners established under section 3262a of this title. See
• Board: means the Board of Allied Mental Health Practitioners established under section 3262a of this title. See
• Bond Bank: means the Vermont Municipal Bond Bank established by section 4571 of this title. See
• Bonds: means bonds of the Bank issued under this chapter. See
• Center: means the Vermont Center for Geographic Information. See
• Certified dietitian: means a person who is certified to practice dietetics under this chapter. See
• Certified psychoanalyst: means a person who is certified under this chapter. See
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Child: means any person:

• chiropractic physician: means a person licensed under this chapter. See
• Clean water project: means "water pollution abatement and control facilities" as defined in 10 V. See
• Commission: means the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education, the committee of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy that reviews and accredits academic programs in marriage and family therapy that are offered at both regionally recognized colleges and universities and at independent post-graduate training institutes. See
• Commission on Dietetic Registration: means the Commission on Dietetic Registration that is a member of the National Commission for Certifying Agencies. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Public Safety. See
• Commissioner: shall mean in this title only the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Corrections. See
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• compensation: means payment in any form except reimbursement for mileage or the normal salary paid to a person otherwise employed by the school. See
• Compilation: means providing a service to be performed in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS) that is presented in the form of financial statements or information that represents management or owners without expressing any type of assurance on the statements. See
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Conditioning: means programs designed to enhance the following physiological areas: flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, neuromuscular coordination, and cardio-respiratory endurance that will assist in improved athletic performance specific to the sport in which the athlete participates. See
• Consultation by telecommunications: means a respiratory care practitioner renders professional or expert opinion or advice via telecommunications or computer technology from another location. See
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Conviction: means an unvacated final adjudication of guilt, or a final determination that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's appearance in court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended, or probated. See
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Correctional officer: means any person who is an employee of the Department of Corrections whose official duties or job classification includes the supervision or monitoring of a person on parole, probation, or serving any sentence of incarceration whether inside or outside a correctional facility, and who has received training, as approved by the Commissioner of Corrections, as provided in section 551a of this title. See
• Cosmetology: means engaging in the continuing performance, for compensation, of any of the following activities:

• County: means any county of the State. See
• Crosswalk: means :

• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dealer: means a person, partnership, corporation, or other entity engaged in the business of selling or exchanging new or used motor vehicles, snowmobiles, motorboats, or all-terrain vehicles. See
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dental assistant: means an individual registered to practice as a dental assistant under this chapter. See
• Dental hygienist: means an individual licensed to practice as a dental hygienist under this chapter. See
• Dental therapist: means an individual licensed to practice as a dental therapist under this chapter. See
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Conservation. See
• Department: means the Department of Corrections. See
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Designer: means a person authorized to design wastewater systems and potable water supplies as identified in 10 V. See
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Dietetics: means advising and assisting individuals or groups on appropriate dietary intake by integrating information from the individual or group assessment with information of food and other sources of nutrients and meal preparation. See
• Direct supervision: means a respiratory care practitioner licensed in this State is physically present and is immediately available to direct and supervise tasks related to patient management. See
• Direct supervision: means supervision by a licensed dentist who is readily available at the dental facility for consultation or intervention. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Director: means the Director of the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Disciplinary action: means any action taken by an administrative law officer established under 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: means any action taken by an administrative law officer established under 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by the Director or by an administrative law officer established by 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: means an action by an administrative law officer appointed under 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by the Director or by an administrative law officer established by 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: means any action taken by an administrative law officer established under 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by the Board against a licensed marriage and family therapist on a finding of unprofessional conduct by the licensed marriage and family therapist or an applicant. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by the Director or an administrative law officer appointed pursuant to 3 V. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by the Board against a person who is entered on the Roster or who applies for entry on the Roster, premised on a finding of unprofessional conduct. See
• Disciplinary action: includes any action taken by an administrative law officer against a licensed tattooist or applicant premised on a finding of unprofessional conduct. See
• Disciplinary action: includes issuance of warnings and all sanctions including denial, suspension, revocation, limitation, or restriction of licenses, and other similar limitations. See
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Disposition facility: means a business registered with the Office conducted at a specific street address or location devoted to the disposition of human remains by means of cremation, alkaline hydrolysis, or natural organic reduction. See
• Disqualification: means a withdrawal of the privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle. See
• Domestic: when applied to a corporation, company, association, or copartnership shall mean organized under the laws of this State; "foreign" when so applied, shall mean organized under the laws of another state, government, or country. See
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Drug: means :

• Eight-light system: shall mean four alternately flashing red signal lamps, two at the front and two at the rear, to operate automatically when a school bus is stopped and four alternately flashing amber signal lamps, two at the front and two at the rear, to be operated by the driver at an appropriate distance before stopping the bus. See
• Electric bicycle: means a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat for the rider, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts that meets the requirements of one of the following three classes:

• Electrical inspector: means a State electrical inspector employed pursuant to section 915 of this title. See
• Electrical installation: means wires, fixtures, or apparatus installed in a complex structure or at the construction site of such structure for the transmission and use of commercially supplied or privately generated electrical energy. See
• Electrology: includes the use of lasers approved by the U. See
• Electrology office: means a facility regularly used to offer or to perform the practice of electrology. See
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Enforcement officers: shall include :

• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Esthetics: means massaging, cleansing, stimulating, manipulating, beautifying, or otherwise working on the scalp, face, or neck by using cosmetic preparations, antiseptics, tonics, lotions, or creams. See
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Evidentiary test: means a breath or blood test that indicates the person's alcohol concentration or the presence of other drug and that is intended to be introduced as evidence. See
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• expense: as used in this chapter shall include the cost of architects, surveyors, engineers, contractors, lawyers, or other consultants or experts as well as current operating expenses to be incurred by the district from its organizational meeting until its first annual meeting. See
• expense: as used in this chapter shall include the cost of architects, surveyors, engineers, contractors, lawyers, or experts as well as current operating expenses to be incurred by the district from its organizational meeting until its first annual meeting. See
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• facility: means any building, enclosure, space, or structure of or supported by the Department and used for the confinement of persons committed to the custody of the Commissioner, or for any other matter related to such confinement. See
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Farm tractor: means a traveling power plant or a self-propelled device that functions as part of crop production, harvesting, feeding, or livestock management or is used for drawing a farm trailer as defined in subdivision (69) of this section. See
• Farm trailer: means a vehicle or equipment designed and adapted exclusively for tilling, planting, harvesting, management, or for carrying inputs to or outputs from agricultural, horticultural, or livestock-raising operations, or farm equipment, without motive power, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, a farm truck, or a farm tractor, and, in any case, not subject to registration if used upon the highway. See
• Federal prosecutor: A lawyer appointed by the President in each judicial district to prosecute and defend cases for the federal government.
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fees: shall mean earnings due for official services, aside from salaries or per diem compensation. See
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Financial interest: means being:

• Firm: means a sole proprietorship, a corporation, a partnership, association, or any other entity that practices public accountancy. See
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• following: when used by way of reference to a section of the law shall mean the next preceding or following section. See
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fresh pursuit: includes fresh pursuit as defined by the common law, and also the pursuit of a suspected violator of the criminal laws or other laws of this State, for which he or she is, or might be, subject to arrest, by an enforcement officer. See
• Funeral director: means a licensed person who is the owner, co-owner, employee, or manager of a licensed funeral establishment and who, for compensation, engages in the practice of funeral service. See
• Funeral establishment: means a business registered with the Office conducted at a specific street address or location devoted to the practice of funeral service, and includes a limited services establishment. See
• General Fund: means the fund established under section 4676 of this title. See
• General supervision: means :

• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Good character: means fiscal integrity, and a lack of any history of acts involving dishonesty, false statements, or fraud. See
• Governmental unit: means any county, municipality, or public body. See
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Groundwater: means water existing beneath the surface of the ground. See
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hardship municipality: means a municipality served by a municipally owned public community water system that:

• Home office: means the location specified by the client as the address to which a service described in subsection 74c(c) of this title is directed. See
• Ignition interlock certificate: means a restricted privilege to operate a motor vehicle issued by the Commissioner allowing a nonresident whose privilege to operate a motor vehicle in Vermont has been suspended or revoked for operating under the influence of alcohol or in excess of legal limits of alcohol concentration, or for refusing an enforcement officer's reasonable request for an evidentiary test, to operate a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 4103 of this title, installed with an approved ignition interlock device. See
• Ignition interlock device: means a device that is capable of measuring a person's alcohol concentration and that prevents a motor vehicle from being started by a person whose alcohol concentration is 0. See
• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• Improvements: means such repairs, replacements, additions, extensions, and betterments of and to a water system as are deemed necessary by the water commissioners to place or to maintain such system in proper condition for its safe, efficient, and economic operation or to meet requirements for service in areas that may be served by the district and for which no existing service is being rendered. See
• Improvements: means such repairs, replacements, additions, extensions, and betterments of and to a sewage system as are deemed necessary by the sewer commissioners to place or maintain such system in proper condition for its safe, efficient, and economic operation or to meet requirements for service in such areas which may be served by the district and for which no existing service is being rendered. See
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indirect supervision: means a respiratory care practitioner licensed in this State is immediately available for consultation, direction, or supervision regarding the practice or performance of respiratory care. See
• inhabitants: shall mean the population of the political division referred to, as ascertained by the national census last completed before the time when such population is a material fact. See
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Inmate: means any person, not a child, committed to the custody of the Commissioner pursuant to the law of the State and subsequently committed to a correctional facility and any person confined at a correctional facility during the pendency of a prosecution against him or her. See
• Instruments of service: means project deliverables, such as reports, specifications, drawings, plans, construction documents, or engineering surveys, that have been prepared under the licensee's responsible charge. See
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intersecting highway: shall mean any highway that joins another at an angle, whether or not it crosses the other; but a driveway leading to or from private grounds shall not be interpreted to be a highway. See
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Issue: when used in reference to bonds or notes, means the physical delivery thereof or the effectuation thereof in book entry form, in each case against payment therefor. See
• Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Junior operator: shall include only such persons as are 16 and 17 years of age. See
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• Justice: when applied to a person, other than a Justice of the Supreme Court, shall mean a justice of the peace for the county for which he or she is elected or appointed. See
• Law: includes the laws and ordinances of the State, its political subdivisions, and municipalities. See
• Law enforcement officer: means a law enforcement officer who has been certified by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council pursuant to 20 V. See
• Law enforcement officer: means a State Police officer, a sheriff, a deputy sheriff, a municipal police officer, a constable, the Commissioner, or a member of the Department of Corrections when appointed in writing by the Commissioner and when his or her appointment is filed in the Office of the Secretary of State. See
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legislative body: means the selectmen in the case of a town, the council or mayor and board of aldermen in the case of a city, and the trustees in the case of an incorporated village. See
• Legislative body: means the selectboard of a town, the board of aldermen or city council of a city, or the board of trustees of an incorporated village. See
• Legislative body: means the selectboard in the case of a town, the council or mayor and board of aldermen in the case of a city, and the trustees in the case of an incorporated village. See
• Legislative branch: shall mean "legislative branch" as defined in subdivision 1751(2) of this title. See
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• License: means a current authorization granted by the Director permitting the practice of property inspecting. See
• Licensed athletic trainer: means a person licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See
• Licensed marriage and family therapist: means a person who is licensed under this chapter. See
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Loan: means a deposit of property not accompanied by a transfer of title to the property. See
• Magistrate: shall mean any Supreme Court Justice, Superior judge, District judge, or Probate judge. See
• Marriage and family services: means the diagnosis and treatment of mental conditions or disabilities, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, from the context of marital and family systems. See
• Marriage and family therapy: means the rendering of professional marriage and family services to individuals, family groups, couples, singly or in groups, whether such services are offered directly to the general public or through organizations either private or public, for compensation, monetary or otherwise. See
• Month: shall mean a calendar month and "year" shall mean a calendar year and be equivalent to the expression "year of our Lord. See
• Month: means 30 days and "year" means 365 days. See
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Motor bus: shall include any motor vehicle with a seating capacity of more than seven persons, other than a street car, operated upon the public streets and highways along a regular route, and in such operation receiving, discharging, and transporting passengers for hire. See
• Motor truck: means any motor vehicle designed primarily for the transportation of property and shall be construed to include truck tractor-semitrailer and truck tractor-semitrailer-trailer combinations. See
• Motor vehicle: means a land vehicle propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power, including an automobile; midget, sprint, or stock car; go-cart; all-terrain vehicle; motorcycle; and snowmobile. See
• Motor vehicle: includes all vehicles propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power, except farm tractors, vehicles running only upon stationary rails or tracks, motorized highway building equipment, road making appliances, snowmobiles, tracked vehicles, motor-assisted bicycles, electric bicycles, or electric personal assistive mobility devices. See
• Motor-assisted bicycle: means any bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals and equipped with a motor that in itself is capable of producing a top speed of not more than 20 miles per hour on a paved level surface when ridden by an operator who weighs 170 pounds and either:

  (I) has an internal combustion motor with a power output of not more than 1,000 watts or 1. See

• Motor-driven cycle: means any vehicle equipped with two or three wheels, a power source providing up to a maximum of two brake horsepower and having a maximum piston or rotor displacement of 50 cubic centimeters if a combustion engine is used, which will propel the vehicle, unassisted, at a speed not to exceed 30 miles per hour on a level road surface, and that is equipped with a power drive system that functions directly or automatically only, not requiring clutching or shifting by the operator after the drive system is engaged. See
• Motorcycle: means any motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, and includes autocycles but excludes motor-driven cycles, motor-assisted bicycles, electric bicycles, golf carts, track driven vehicles, tractors, and electric personal assistive mobility devices. See
• Motorized highway building equipment: shall include all bulldozers, rollers, scrapers, graders, spreaders, pavers, bituminous mixers, compressors, power shovels, excavators, dumpsters, concrete mixers, bucket loaders, snow loaders, rooters, and scarifiers, except road oilers and bituminous distributors, which contain as an integral part thereof and within the same unit facilities for generating motor power for propelling the same and while being used exclusively for the building, repair, or maintenance of highways, or being transported or moved from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of highways; or, for purposes of registration only, if owned and operated by a municipality, while being used exclusively for municipal purposes; however, the town road commissioner, or comparable municipal officer, shall report annually to the legislative body of the municipality that the equipment is in good repair; tractors used exclusively as a power unit in drawing road making appliances or in the transportation of same or of such tractor from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of highways. See
• Municipal bond: means a bond or note or evidence of debt or financing arrangement of a governmental unit, including a bond, note, or evidence of debt, constituting a general obligation of a governmental unit, but does not include any bond or note or evidence of debt issued by any other state or any public body or municipal corporation thereof. See
• Municipal bond: means a bond or note or evidence of debt constituting a general obligation of a municipality. See
• Municipal inspector: means an electrical inspector authorized to conduct municipal inspections pursuant to section 898 of this title. See
• Municipalities: means a town, a city, or an incorporated village. See
• Municipality: shall mean "municipality" as defined in 1 V. See
• Municipality: shall include a city, town, town school district, incorporated school or fire district or incorporated village, and all other governmental incorporated units. See
• Municipality: means a town, city, or village. See
• Municipality: shall mean "municipality" as defined in section 4801 of this title, but shall also include the following:

• Municipality: means a town, city, or incorporated village. See
• Municipality: means any city, town, village, town school district, incorporated school district, union school district, or other school district, fire district, consolidated sewer district, consolidated water district, or solid waste district organized under the laws of the State, and also includes every municipal corporation identified in subdivision 1751(1) of this title. See
• Municipality: means any city, town, village, town school district, incorporated school district, union school district, or other school district, fire district, consolidated sewer district, consolidated water district, solid waste district, or statewide or regional water quality utility or mechanism organized under laws of the State. See
• Museum: means an institution operated by a nonprofit corporation or a public agency primarily for educational, scientific, historic preservation, or aesthetic purposes, and the institution owns, cares for, exhibits, studies, collects, archives, or catalogues property. See
• National psychoanalytic association: means a national professional organization of psychoanalysts that conducts onsite visits of psychoanalytic institutes applying for association membership. See
• Natural: means present in, produced by, or derived from nature. See
• Natural resources project: means a project to protect, conserve, or restore natural resources, including the acquisition of easements and land, for the purpose of providing water quality benefits. See
• Naturopathic childbirth: means uncomplicated natural home birth assisted by a naturopathic physician. See
• Naturopathic pharmacology examination: means a test administered by the Director or the Director's designee, the passage of which is required to obtain the special license endorsement under subsection 4125(d) of this chapter. See
• Naturopathic physical medicine: means the use of the physical agents of air, water, heat, cold, sound, and light, and the physical modalities of electrotherapy, biofeedback, acupuncture, diathermy, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, hydrotherapy, and exercise. See
• Naturopathic physician: is a person who practices naturopathic medicine and is licensed under this chapter. See
• Necessity: means a reasonable need that considers the greatest public good and the least inconvenience and expense to the condemning party and to the property owner. See
• Neighborhood electric vehicle: means a self-propelled electrically powered motor vehicle that:

• New public transit service: means any eligible public transit service not previously provided. See
• Nonprofit public transit system: means a domestic corporation organized in accordance with Title 11B having the majority of its governing board appointed by the legislative body of the municipality or municipalities served, and a function of providing a public transit service or a foreign nonprofit corporation located in a state which borders Vermont and provides public transit services in both Vermont and the bordering state. See
• Nonresident: shall include any person who does not come under the definition of a resident. See
• Notes: means any notes of the Bank issued under this chapter. See
• Oath: shall include affirmation where by law an affirmation may be substituted. See
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Occupational therapist: means a person who is licensed to practice occupational therapy under this chapter. See
• Occupational therapy assistant: means a person who is licensed to assist in the practice of occupational therapy under the supervision of an occupational therapist. See
• Occupational therapy practice: means the therapeutic use of purposeful and meaningful occupations (goal-directed activities) to evaluate and treat individuals who have a disease or disorder, impairment, activity limitation, or participation restriction that interferes with their ability to function independently in daily life roles, and to promote health and wellness. See
• Office: means the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Office: means the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• Office: means the Office of Professional Regulation. See
• On-track equipment: means any car, locomotive, rolling stock, equipment, or other device that, alone or coupled, is operated on stationary rails. See
• Operator: shall include all persons 18 years of age or over properly licensed to operate motor vehicles. See
• Operator: means any person who practices tattooing, body piercing, or permanent cosmetics. See
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: shall include any person, corporation, co-partnership, or association holding legal title to a motor vehicle or having exclusive right to the use or control thereof for a period of 30 days or more. See
• Paratransit: means transportation services, provided through flexible scheduling or routing in small vehicles, such as ride-matching, dial-a-ride, jitney, subscription, and route-deviated bus services. See
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Pedestrian: means any person afoot and shall also include any person 16 years of age or older operating an electric personal assistive mobility device. See
• Peer review: means a systemwide study, appraisal, or review of one or more aspects of the professional work of a person or firm in the practice of public accounting that performs attest services by a person or persons who are licensed under this chapter and who are not affiliated with the person or firm being reviewed. See
• Performance of respiratory care: means respiratory care in accordance with the prescription of a licensed physician, licensed osteopath, certified physician assistant, certified anesthesiologist assistant, or licensed nurse practitioner, including the diagnostic and therapeutic use of the following:

• Permittee: means the permit holder. See
• Person: shall include any natural person, corporation, municipality, the State of Vermont or any department, agency, or subdivision of the State, and any partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See
• Person: includes any natural person, corporation, association, co-partnership, company, firm, or other aggregation of individuals. See
• Personal estate: shall include all property other than real estate. See
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Physically active individual: means an individual who is well conditioned, healthy, and free from underlying pathology, who participates in athletic or recreational activities that require physical skills and utilize strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, range of motion, or agility. See
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleasure car: shall include all motor vehicles not otherwise defined in this title. See
• plug-in electric vehicle: includes both a "battery electric vehicle" and a "plug-in hybrid electric vehicle" where:

• Portable electronic device: means a portable electronic or computing device, including a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or laptop computer. See
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• practice of chiropractic: means the diagnosis of human ailments and diseases related to subluxations, joint dysfunctions, and neuromuscular and skeletal disorders for the purpose of their detection, correction, or referral in order to restore and maintain health, including pain relief, without providing drugs or performing surgery; the use of physical and clinical examinations, conventional radiologic procedures and interpretation, as well as the use of diagnostic imaging read and interpreted by a person so licensed and clinical laboratory procedures to determine the propriety of a regimen of chiropractic care; adjunctive therapies approved by the Board, by rule, to be used in conjunction with chiropractic treatment; and treatment by adjustment or manipulation of the spine or other joints and connected neuromusculoskeletal tissues and bodily articulations. See
• Practice of funeral service: means arranging, directing, or providing for the care, preparation, or disposition of dead human bodies for a fee or other compensation. See
• practice of naturopathic medicine: means a system of health care that utilizes education, natural medicines, and natural therapies to support and stimulate a patient's intrinsic self-healing processes and to prevent, diagnose, and treat human health conditions, injuries, and pain. See
• Practice of permanent cosmetics: means microblading and other practices involving placement of a specific type of tattoo that includes permanent eyeliner, permanent lip color, permanent eyebrows, anatomical reproduction, and permanent eye shadow as well as other specific procedures that may be identified by rule by the Director consistent with the Society of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals' or its successor group's guidelines. See
• Practice of professional engineering: means providing, attempting to provide, or offering to provide professional engineering services. See
• Practice of property inspecting: means performing or offering to perform for the public for a fee or other compensation services involving the physical inspection of real property structures and other improvements in order to evaluate the condition of the property, including any safety issues or material defects. See
• Practice of public accounting: means the performance or the offering to perform by a person or firm holding itself out to the public as being licensed, registered, or otherwise authorized under this chapter, for a client or potential client, of one or more kinds of services involving the use of accounting or auditing skills, including the issuance of reports on financial statements, or of one or more kinds of management advisory, financial advisory, or consulting services, or the preparation of tax returns or the furnishing of advice on tax matters. See
• Practice of respiratory care: means :

• practice tattooing: means to place a permanent mark, design, or coloration of a human being by a process of pricking or ingraining an indelible pigment on or in the skin. See
• Practicing dentistry: means an activity in which a person:

• Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
• Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Principal place of business: means the office location designated by the licensee for the purposes of substantial equivalency and reciprocity. See
• private practice: means a professional engineer who owns, operates, or is employed by a business entity that derives a substantial part of its income from providing professional engineering services to the public. See
• Privilege to operate: includes the privilege of a nonresident to operate a motor vehicle within the State and includes the privilege of a resident to obtain a license. See
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Professional engineer: means a person licensed under this chapter. See
• Professional engineering: means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences and the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design acquired by engineering education and engineering experience, insofar as the service or work involves safeguarding life, health, or property. See
• Proper performance: means a sewage system which operates so as to:

• Property: means a tangible object, animate or inanimate, that has intrinsic, historic, artistic, scientific, or cultural value, and the object is under the care of a museum. See
• Property inspector: means a person who is licensed under this chapter to engage in the practice of property inspecting. See
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Proxy voting: The practice of allowing a legislator to cast a vote in committee for an absent legislator.
• Psychiatric disability: means an impairment of thought, mood, perception, orientation, or memory that limits one or more major life activities but does not include intellectual disability. See
• Psychoanalytic services: means therapeutic services that are based on an understanding of the unconscious and how unconscious processes affect the human mind as a whole, including actions, thoughts, perceptions, and emotions. See
• Psychotherapist who is nonlicensed and noncertified: means a person who practices psychotherapy and is neither a licensed psychologist, clinical social worker, or mental health counselor, nor a certified marriage and family therapist or a psychoanalyst. See
• Psychotherapy: means the provision of treatment, diagnosis, evaluation, or counseling services to individuals or groups, for a consideration, for the purpose of alleviating mental disorders. See
• Public accountant: means a certified public accountant or a registered public accountant until July 1, 2003, after which the title of registered public accountant will still exist for those licensed as registered public accountants or having received conditional credit toward licensure as a registered public accountant by that date, but will no longer be a title granted by the Board. See
• Public body: means any public body corporate and politic or any political subdivision of the State established under any law of the State. See
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• public transit service: means any fixed route, paratransit, transportation brokerage, user-side subsidy, and or rideshare/ride-match program which is available to any person upon payment of the proper fare, and which is promoted to be available to all members of the public, including those with special needs. See
• Public transportation: means the transportation of persons, including groups of the general public with special needs, by all means available to the general public. See
• Public water supply systems: means a public water system as that term is defined in 10 V. See
• Qualifying individual: means an individual holding a well-driller license issued in accordance with this chapter who is designated to oversee and be responsible for the well drilling operations of a business, governmental entity, or other entity engaged in performing an activity established under subdivision 5601(6) of this chapter. See
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Race: means a race, scramble, demolition derby, or contest involving a motor vehicle as defined in this section at which prizes or other consideration is awarded to participants or admission is charged to spectators. See
• Random retest: means a test of a vehicle operator's blood alcohol concentration, other than a test required to start the vehicle, that is required at random intervals during operation of a vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock device. See
• RDL: means a restricted license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle issued by the Commissioner allowing a resident whose license or privilege to operate has been suspended or revoked for operating under the influence of alcohol or in excess of legal limits of alcohol concentration, or for refusing an enforcement officer's reasonable request for an evidentiary test, to operate a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 4103 of this title, installed with an approved ignition interlock device. See
• real estate: shall include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein, and pews or slips in places of public worship shall be treated as real estate. See
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Referral: means sending a determination, recorded in writing, by an allopathic or osteopathic physician, podiatrist, advanced practice registered nurse, physician assistant, physical therapist, naturopath, dentist, or chiropractor, that an athlete or physically active individual should be treated by an athletic trainer, and that such person is free of an underlying pathology that would affect treatment. See
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Removal: means the removal of dead human bodies from places of death, hospitals, institutions, or other locations, for a fee or other compensation. See
• report: includes any form of language that disclaims an opinion when the form of language is conventionally understood to imply any positive assurance as to the reliability of the attested information or compiled financial statements referred to or special competence on the part of the person or firm issuing the language; and it includes any other form of language that is conventionally understood to imply such assurance or such special knowledge or competence. See
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Reserve Fund: means the Vermont Bond Bank Reserve fund established under section 4671 of this title. See
• Resident: as used in this title only, means any person living in the State who intends to make the State his or her principal place of domicile either permanently or for an indefinite number of years. See
• Respiratory care: means the allied health profession responsible for the treatment, management, diagnostic testing, control, and care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with cardiopulmonary systems under the direction of a physician, physician assistant, anesthesiologist assistant, or nurse practitioner. See
• Respiratory care educational program: means a program accredited by the Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) or by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), or their successor organizations. See
• Respiratory care practitioner: means a person:

• Responsible charge: means direct control and personal supervision of engineering work. See
• Responsible control: means that amount of control over and detailed knowledge of the content of technical submissions during their preparation as is ordinarily exercised by licensed architects applying the required professional standard of care. See
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Restorative justice program: means a program developed and implemented by the Commissioner, consistent with State policy and legislative intent as provided by section 2a of this title. See
• Revenue bond: means a bond or note or evidence of debt constituting an obligation or financing arrangement of a governmental unit authorized under laws of the State and payable solely from revenues derived from the financed asset, enterprise funds, or other specified revenues and the earnings thereon. See
• Revenue Bond Reserve Fund: means the Vermont Bond Bank Revenue Bond Reserve Fund established under section 4681 of this title. See
• Revenue Fund: means the Vermont Bond Bank Revenue Fund established under section 4683 of this title. See
• Revenues: means all fees, charges, monies, profits, payments of principal of or interest on municipal bonds and revenue bonds and other investments, gifts, grants, contributions, appropriations, and all other income derived or to be derived by the Bank under this chapter. See
• road: shall include bridges thereon and their approaches. See
• Road making appliances: shall mean all bulldozers, rollers, scrapers, graders, spreaders, pavers, retreading machines, compressors, power shovels, excavators, rock crushers, concrete mixers, snow loaders, bucket loaders, rooters, portable electric generators, pavement heaters, sweepers, steam boilers, traffic control boards, screening plants, asphalt reclaimers, and scarifiers designed to be and while being drawn by a separate motorized power unit and while being used exclusively for building, repair, or maintenance of roads or highways or while being transported from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of roads or highways, except contractor's trailers. See
• Roster: means the list of psychotherapists who are nonlicensed and noncertified that is maintained by the Office of Professional Regulation in the Office of the Secretary of State. See
• Safety glass: shall mean any product composed of safety glazing materials so manufactured, fabricated, or treated as substantially to prevent shattering and flying when struck or broken. See
• said: when used by way of reference to a person or thing shall apply to the same person or thing last mentioned. See
• School bus: means any motor vehicle used to transport children to or from school or in connection with school activities, except:

• School of barbering or cosmetology: means a facility or facilities regularly used to train or instruct persons in the practice of barbering or cosmetology. See
• Scramble: means a motorcycle race on a prescribed course over rugged terrain, usually a half-mile or more in length. See
• seal: shall include an impression of the official seal made upon paper alone or by means of a wafer or wax affixed thereto. See
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Education. See
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Natural Resources or his or her authorized representative. See
• Selectboard: includes the mayor and board of aldermen or city council of a city, or the trustees of a village. See
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Sewage: means the used water supply of a community, including such groundwater, surface, and stormwater as may or may not be mixed with liquid wastes from the community. See
• Sewage system: shall include such equipment, pipe line system, and facilities as are needed for and appurtenant to the treatment or disposal of sewage and waters, as defined herein, including a sewage treatment or disposal plant, as defined in section 3601 of this title, and separate pipe lines and structural or nonstructural facilities as are needed for and appurtenant to the treatment or disposal of storm, surface, and subsurface waters. See
• Sewage system: means an on-site sewage disposal system. See
• Sewage system: includes such equipment, pipeline systems, and facilities as are needed for and appurtenant to the treatment or disposal of sewage and waters, including sewage treatment plants and separate pipelines and structural or nonstructural facilities as are needed for and appurtenant to the treatment or disposal of storm, surface, and subsurface waters, and all properties, rights, easements, and franchises relating thereto and deemed necessary or convenient by the sewer commission for the operation thereof. See
• Shop: means a facility or facilities regularly used to offer or provide barbering or cosmetology. See
• Shop: means a facility regularly used to offer or perform the practice of tattooing or body piercing. See
• Sole proprietorship: when used for the specific purpose of describing the fee category applicable to a firm under this chapter, means a firm that employs only one certified public accountant. See
• Specialty discipline: means that area of professional engineering recognized by the Board as the area of expertise and practice for which a license is granted. See
• Sponsorship program: means an arrangement in which natural resources projects are paired with water pollution abatement and control facilities projects, as defined in 10 V. See
• State: includes the states of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U. See
• State: when applied to the different parts of the United States may apply to the District of Columbia and any territory and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. See
• State: includes the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U. See
• State Board: means the State Board of Education established by chapter 3 of this title. See
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Stormwater: means the excess water from rainfall. See
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supervising officer: means the highest administrative officer in charge of any correctional facility. See
• Supervision: means work prepared under the regular, personal review of a licensed architect's control and as to which the architect has detailed professional knowledge. See
• Supervisor of record: means a respiratory care practitioner licensed in this State who has been practicing actively as a respiratory care practitioner for at least two years prior to becoming a supervisor of record and is employed by the same employer as the person being supervised. See
• Survey plat: means a map or plan drawn to scale of one or more parcels, tracts, or subdivisions of land, showing, but not limited to, boundaries, corners, markers, monuments, easements, and other rights. See
• Suspension of license: means the withdrawal by formal action of the Commissioner, for a specific period of time and until reinstatement by the Commissioner, of a person's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways. See
• sworn: shall include affirmed. See
• Technical submissions: means designs, drawings, specifications, studies, and other technical reports prepared in the course of executing a portion of a construction project. See
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Town: shall include city and wards or precincts therein; "selectboard members" and "board of civil authority" shall extend to and include the mayor and aldermen of cities; "trustees" shall extend to and include bailiffs of incorporated villages; and the laws applicable to the inhabitants and officers of towns shall be applicable to the inhabitants and similar officers of all municipal corporations. See
• Town: means any municipality within the meaning of 1 V. See
• Town: means any municipality within the meaning of 1 V. See
• Tractor: shall include a motor vehicle designed or used primarily as a traveling power plant or for drawing other vehicles, and not so constructed as to carry any load other than a part of the weight of the vehicles and load so drawn, excepting, however, motorized highway building equipment. See
• Trailer: is a vehicle without motive power designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon the towing vehicle excepting, however, road making appliances and transportation dollies, and "semi-trailer" is a vehicle without motive power, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that some part of its weight and that of its load rests upon or is carried by the towing vehicle, excepting, however, pole dinkeys, transportation dollies, and road making appliances. See
• Trailer coach: shall mean any trailer or semi-trailer designed to be towed by a motor vehicle and designed, equipped, or used for sleeping, eating, or living quarters. See
• Transportation brokerage: means matching the most appropriate services and providers to individual markets. See
• Transporter: means :

• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Truck tractor: shall include a motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles but so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the vehicle and load so drawn. See
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Type I school bus: means a school bus with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of more than 15 passengers, including the operator. See
• Type II school bus: means a school bus with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of more than 10 and fewer than 16 passengers, including the operator. See
• Unauthorized practice: means conduct prohibited by section 1162 of this chapter and not exempted by section 1163 of this chapter. See
• Underlying pathology: means any disease process, including neuromuscular disease, diabetes, spinal cord injuries, and systemic diseases. See
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Unprocessed milk products: means raw milk transported in bulk when transported in a milk tank truck, semi-trailer, trailer, or combination thereof. See
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• User-side subsidy: means a direct subsidy to users which allows them to select the service they prefer. See
• Vehicle: means a motor vehicle as defined in section 4 of this title and, when on a public highway:

• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Village: shall mean an incorporated village. See
• Voice vote: A vote in which the Presiding Officer states the question, then asks those in favor and against to say "Yea" or "Nay," respectively, and announces the result according to his or her judgment. The names or numbers of legisators voting on each side are not recorded.
• Vulnerable user: means a pedestrian; an operator of highway building, repair, or maintenance equipment or of agricultural equipment; a person operating a wheelchair or other personal mobility device, whether motorized or not; a person operating a bicycle or other nonmotorized means of transportation (such as roller skates, rollerblades, or roller skis); a person operating a motor-assisted bicycle or an electric bicycle; or a person riding, driving, or herding an animal. See
• Water system: means and includes all plants, systems, facilities or properties used or useful or having the present capacity for future use in connection with the supply or distribution of water, and any integral part thereof, including water supply systems, water distribution systems, reservoirs, wells, intakes, mains, laterals, aqueducts, pumping stations, standpipes, filtration plants, purification plants, hydrants, meters, valves, and all necessary appurtenances and equipment and all properties, rights, easements, and franchises relating thereto and deemed necessary or convenient by the water commission for the operation thereof. See
• Well: means any hole deeper than 20 feet drilled, driven, or bored into the earth to locate, monitor, extract, or recharge groundwater or any hole deeper than 20 feet drilled, driven, or bored for the primary purpose of transferring heat to or from the earth's subsurface. See
• Well driller: refers to a person engaged in the business of performing activities within one or both of the following classes:

• Wholesale consolidated water district: means a water district established for the purpose of developing sources of water, together with a system of delivering or treating it, or both, to existing municipal or private water companies. See
• Work notice: means the notice required to be filed under this chapter by an electrician prior to commencement of electrical work. See
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.