Arizona Laws 13-4304. Property subject to forfeiture; exemptions; innocent owner
A. Except as provided in subsections B, C and D of this section, all property, including all interests in such property, described in a statute providing for its forfeiture is subject to forfeiture if both of the following apply:
Terms Used In Arizona Laws 13-4304
- Act: means a bodily movement. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Conduct: means an act or omission and its accompanying culpable mental state. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Crime: means a misdemeanor or a felony. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Omission: means the failure to perform an act as to which a duty of performance is imposed by law. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Owner: means a person who is not a secured party as defined in section 47-9102 and who has an interest in property, whether legal or equitable. See Arizona Laws 13-4301
- Person: means a human being and, as the context requires, an enterprise, a public or private corporation, an unincorporated association, a partnership, a firm, a society, a government, a governmental authority or an individual or entity capable of holding a legal or beneficial interest in property. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. Source:
- Possession: means a voluntary act if the defendant knowingly exercised dominion or control over property. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Property: means anything of value, tangible or intangible. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- United States: includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Arizona Laws 1-215
- Unlawful: means contrary to law or, where the context so requires, not allowed by law. See Arizona Laws 13-105
- Vehicle: means a device in, upon or by which any person or property is, may be or could have been transported or drawn upon a highway, waterway or airway, excepting devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. See Arizona Laws 13-105
1. The owner is convicted of an offense to which forfeiture applies.
2. The state establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the property is subject to forfeiture as provided in subsection E of this section.
B. A vehicle used by any person as a common carrier in the transaction of business as a common carrier may not be forfeited under this chapter unless the state proves by clear and convincing evidence that the owner or other person in charge of the vehicle was a consenting party or privy to the act or omission giving rise to forfeiture or knew of it.
C. A vehicle may not be forfeited under this chapter following a conviction for any act or for an omission committed or omitted by a person other than the owner while the vehicle was unlawfully in the possession of a person other than the owner in violation of the criminal laws of this state or of the United States.
D. Property may not be forfeited pursuant to section 13-3413, subsection A, paragraph 1 or 3 if the conduct giving rise to the seizure both:
1. Did not involve an amount of unlawful substance greater than the statutory threshold amount as defined in section 13-3401.
2. Was not committed for financial gain.
E. After a person is convicted of an offense for which forfeiture applies, a court may order the person to forfeit any of the following:
1. Property the person acquired through the commission of the offense.
2. Property that is directly traceable to property acquired through the commission of the offense.
3. Any property or instrumentality that the person used in the commission of the offense or to facilitate the offense.
4. Substitute assets as prescribed in section 13-2314, subsection D, paragraph 6, subdivision (d) and in accordance with section 13-4305, subsection C.
F. The court may waive the conviction requirement if the prosecuting authority shows by clear and convincing evidence that there is no known owner of the seized property, diligent efforts have been made to identify the owner of the seized property and no person has asserted an ownership interest in the seized property or that, before conviction, the defendant or alleged criminal:
1. Died.
2. No longer resides in the United States or was deported.
3. Was granted immunity or reduced punishment in exchange for testifying or assisting a law enforcement investigation or prosecution.
4. Fled the jurisdiction of this state.
5. Abandoned the property.
G. This section does not prevent property from being forfeited by the terms of a plea agreement that is approved by a court or by other agreement of the parties in a criminal proceeding.
H. A person who claims to be an innocent owner has the burden of production to show that the person either:
1. Held a legal right, title or interest in the property seized at the time the illegal conduct that gave rise to the seizure of the property occurred.
2. Acquired as a bona fide purchaser for value a legal right, title or interest in the property subject to forfeiture after the commission of the crime that gave rise to the seizure of the property.
I. If a person establishes that the person is an innocent owner pursuant to subsection H of this section and the state pursues a forfeiture proceeding with respect to that person’s property, other than property described in section 13-3413 to successfully forfeit the property, the state shall prove by clear and convincing evidence that the innocent owner had actual knowledge of the underlying crime that gave rise to the forfeiture.
J. If the state is unable to prove the person is not an innocent owner as provided in subsections H and I of this section, the court shall find that the person is an innocent owner and order the state to relinquish all claims of title to the property and return the property to the innocent owner.