Terms Used In Connecticut General Statutes > Chapter 23 - Auditors of Public Accounts

• Active solar system: means a system that uses an external source of energy to power a motor-driven fan or pump to force the circulation of a fluid through solar heat collectors and which removes the sun's heat from the collectors and transports such heat to a location where it may be used or stored. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• another: may extend and be applied to communities, companies, corporations, public or private, limited liability companies, societies and associations. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Apprentice: means any person registered with the Labor Department for the purpose of learning a skilled trade. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Architect: means a person who engages in the practice of architecture. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-288
• Architect Emeritus: means an honorific title granted to a previously licensed architect who has retired from the active practice of architecture. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-288
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Automatic fire sprinkler system layout: means preparing and designing shop drawings to be used for the installation, alteration or modification of an automatic fire sprinkler system. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• Automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician: means a person, licensed by the Department of Consumer Protection pursuant to this chapter, to design automatic fire sprinkler system layouts. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• Automotive glass work: means installing, maintaining or repairing fixed glass in motor vehicles. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Board: means the Board of Examiners of Electrologists. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-267
• Board: means the Architectural Licensing Board appointed under the provisions of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-288
• Board: means the State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors appointed under the provisions of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• broker: means (A) any person, partnership, association, limited liability company or corporation which acts for another person or entity and for a fee, commission or other valuable consideration, lists for sale, sells, exchanges, buys or rents, or offers or attempts to negotiate a sale, exchange, purchase or rental of, an estate or interest in real estate, or a resale of a mobile manufactured home, as defined in subdivision (1) of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Commercial real estate transaction: means any transaction involving the sale, exchange, lease or sublease of real property other than real property containing any building or structure occupied or intended to be occupied by not more than four families or a single building lot to be used for family or household purposes. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Commission: means the Connecticut Real Estate Commission appointed under the provisions of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contractor: means any person regularly offering to the general public services of such person or such person's employees in the field of electrical work, plumbing and piping work, solar work, heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal work, fire protection sprinkler systems work, elevator installation, repair and maintenance work, irrigation work, automotive glass work or flat glass work, as defined in this section. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Department: means the Department of Public Health. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-267
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Designated buyer agent: means a broker or salesperson designated by the real estate broker with whom the broker or salesperson is affiliated or employed to solely represent a named buyer or tenant client of the real estate broker during the term of a buyer representation agreement or authorization. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Designated seller agent: means a broker or salesperson designated by the real estate broker with whom the broker or salesperson is affiliated or employed to solely represent a named seller or landlord client of the real estate broker during the term of a listing agreement or authorization. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Electrical work: means the installation, erection, maintenance, inspection, testing, alteration or repair of any wire, cable, conduit, busway, raceway, support, insulator, conductor, appliance, apparatus, fixture or equipment that generates, transforms, transmits or uses electrical energy for light, heat, power or other purposes, but does not include low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Engaging in the real estate business: means acting for another and for a fee, commission or other valuable consideration in the listing for sale, selling, exchanging, buying or renting, or offering or attempting to negotiate a sale, exchange, purchase or rental of, an estate or interest in real estate or a resale of a mobile manufactured home, as defined in subdivision (1) of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• farm: includes farm buildings, and accessory buildings thereto, nurseries, orchards, ranges, greenhouses, hoophouses and other temporary structures or other structures used primarily for the raising and, as an incident to ordinary farming operations, the sale of agricultural or horticultural commodities. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fire protection sprinkler systems work: means the layout, on-site fabrication, installation, alteration, maintenance, inspection, testing or repair of any automatic or manual sprinkler system designed for the protection of the interior or exterior of a building or structure from fire, or any piping or tubing and appurtenances and equipment pertaining to such system including overhead and underground water mains, fire hydrants and hydrant mains, standpipes and hose connections to sprinkler systems, sprinkler tank heaters excluding electrical wiring, air lines and thermal systems used in connection with sprinkler and alarm systems connected thereto, foam extinguishing systems or special hazard systems including water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical systems, halon and other liquid or gas fire suppression systems, but does not include (A) any engineering design work connected with the layout of fire protection sprinkler systems, or (B) any work performed by employees of or contractors hired by a public water system, as defined in subsection (a) of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Flat glass work: means installing, maintaining or repairing glass in residential or commercial structures. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Gas hearth product work: means the installation, service, inspection, testing or repair of a propane or natural gas fired fireplace, fireplace insert, stove or log set and associated venting and piping that simulates a flame of a solid fuel fire. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Inspection: means the examination of a system or portion of a system, involving the disassembly or removal of component parts of the system. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Irrigation work: means making the connections to and the inspection and testing of back flow prevention devices, and low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Journeyman sheet metal worker: means an experienced craftsman skilled in the installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration of duct work systems, both ferrous and nonferrous. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Journeyman sprinkler fitter: means a specialized pipe fitter craftsman, experienced and skilled in the installation, alteration, maintenance and repair of fire protection sprinkler systems. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Land surveyor: means a person who is qualified by knowledge of mathematics, physical and applied sciences and the principles of land surveying, and who is licensed under this chapter to practice or offer to practice the profession of land surveying, including, but not limited to: (A) Measuring, evaluating or mapping elevations, topography, planimetric features or land areas of any portion of the earth's surface. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
• Medical gas and vacuum systems work: means the work and practice, materials, instrumentation and fixtures used in the construction, installation, alteration, extension, removal, repair, maintenance, inspection, testing or renovation of gas and vacuum systems and equipment used solely to transport gases for medical purposes and to remove liquids, air-gases or solids from such systems. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Millwright work: means the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance or alteration, including the inspection and testing, of (A) power generation machinery, or (B) industrial machinery, including the related interconnection of piping and tubing used in the manufacturing process, but does not include the performance of any action for which licensure is required under this chapter. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• month: means a calendar month, and the word "year" means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies: means a nationally recognized organization which determines the qualifications of automatic fire sprinkler system layout technicians through a series of standardized examinations. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Ordinance: means an enactment under the provisions of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means a person who owns or resides in a residential property and includes any agent thereof, including, but not limited to, a condominium association. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Passive solar system: means a system that is capable of collecting or storing the sun's energy as heat without the use of a motor-driven fan or pump. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Person: means any individual, partnership, association, limited liability company or corporation. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Person: means an individual, partnership, limited liability company or corporation. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Plumbing and piping work: means the installation, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of gas, water and associated fixtures, tubing and piping mains and branch lines up to and including the closest valve to a machine or equipment used in the manufacturing process, laboratory equipment, sanitary equipment, other than subsurface sewage disposal systems, fire prevention apparatus, all water systems for human usage, sewage treatment facilities and all associated fittings within a building and includes lateral storm and sanitary lines from buildings to the mains, process piping, swimming pools and pumping equipment, and includes making connections to back flow prevention devices, and includes low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system, but does not include (A) solar thermal work performed pursuant to a certificate held as provided in §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• practice architecture: means rendering or offering to render service by consultation, investigation, evaluations, preliminary studies, plans, specifications and coordination of structural factors concerning the aesthetic or structural design and contract administration of building construction or any other service in connection with the designing or contract administration of building construction located within the boundaries of this state, regardless of whether any person performing such duties is performing one or all of such duties or whether such person is performing them in person or as the directing head of an office or organization performing them. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-288
• practice of electrology: means the permanent removal of superfluous hair by electrical or other methods approved by the Commissioner of Public Health. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-267
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• process piping: means piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical or a product for human consumption. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Professional engineer: means a person who is qualified by reason of his knowledge of mathematics, the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by professional education and practical experience, to engage in engineering practice, including rendering or offering to render to clients any professional service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design or responsible supervision of construction, in connection with any public or privately-owned structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, public health or property is concerned or involved. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-299
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Residential property: means a single family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of not more than six units, or a unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• salesperson: means a person affiliated with any real estate broker as an independent contractor or employed by a real estate broker to list for sale, sell or offer for sale, to buy or offer to buy or to negotiate the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, or to offer for resale, a mobile manufactured home, as defined in subdivision (1) of §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Sheet metal work: means the onsite layout, installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration, including, but not limited to, onsite testing and balancing of related life safety components, environmental air, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems by manipulating, adjusting or controlling such systems for optimum balance performance of any duct work system, ferrous, nonferrous or other material for ductwork systems, components, devices, air louvers or accessories, in accordance with the State Building Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Solar electricity work: means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection and testing of photovoltaic or wind generation equipment used to distribute or store ambient energy for heat, light, power or other purposes to a point immediately inside any structure or adjacent to an end use. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Solar thermal work: means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of active, passive and hybrid solar systems that directly convert ambient energy into heat or convey, store or distribute such ambient energy. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• State Fire Marshal: means the State Fire Marshal appointed by the Commissioner of Administrative Services. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subsurface sewage disposal system: means a septic tank followed by leaching pits, trenches, beds or galleries. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-341a
• Subsurface sewage disposal system cleaner: means any person offering to the general public services of cleaning or servicing subsurface sewage disposal systems and licensed pursuant to §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-341a
• Subsurface sewage disposal system installer: means any person offering to the general public services of construction, installation, repairing, cleaning or servicing subsurface sewage disposal systems and licensed pursuant to §. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-341a
• succeeding: when used by way of reference to any section or sections, mean the section or sections next preceding, next following or next succeeding, unless some other section is expressly designated in such reference. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Team: means a group of at least two licensed real estate brokers or real estate salespersons who are affiliated with the same sponsoring real estate broker and engage in advertising as a group using a team name. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Team name: means the name used to refer to a team in team advertisements. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-311
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Testing: means to determine the status of a system as intended for its use, with or without the disassembly of component parts of the system, by the use of testing and measurement instruments. See Connecticut General Statutes 20-330
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.