Michigan Laws > Chapter 339 > Act 299 of 1980 > Article 3
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 339 > Act 299 of 1980 > Article 3
- Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
- Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
- Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
- Agricultural use: means property that is substantially devoted to the production of plants and animals useful to people, including forages and sod crops; grains and feed crops; dairy and dairy products; poultry; livestock, including breeding and grazing; fish; timber; fruits; vegetables; flowers; Christmas trees; plants or trees grown in an agricultural nursery; and other similar uses and activities. See Michigan Laws 205.221
- Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
- Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
- Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
- Bequeath: To gift property by will.
- Bequest: Property gifted by will.
- Contemplation of death: The expectation of death that provides the primary motive to make a gift.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Decedent: A deceased person.
- Decedent: means a deceased person and includes, but is not limited to, a testator, grantor, bargainor, vendor, donor, or person who dies intestate. See Michigan Laws 205.256
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Department: means the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 205.173
- Department: means the bureau of revenue of the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 205.256
- Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
- Devise: To gift property by will.
- Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
- Donee: The recipient of a gift.
- Donor: The person who makes a gift.
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
- Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
- Family-owned: means participation by the decedent or a qualified heir in the operation of the business for not less than 500 hours in 5 out of the 8 years immediately preceding the decedent's death and either of the following:
(i) The business is 100% owned by the decedent and qualified heirs, or for a corporation, 100% of the stock is owned by the decedent and qualified heirs. See Michigan Laws 205.221Federal return: means any United States transfer tax return including federal estate tax returns and generation-skipping tax returns unless the context indicates a similar Michigan tax return. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator. Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC Generation-skipping transfer: means every transfer subject to the federal generation-skipping transfer tax in which the original transferor is a resident of this state at the date of the transfer by the original transferor or the property transferred is real or personal property situated in this state. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it. grantor: may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. See Michigan Laws 8.3e Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC Intangible personal property: means incorporeal personal property including, but not limited to, deposits in banks, negotiable instruments, mortgages, debts, receivables, shares of stock, bonds, notes, credits, evidences of an interest in property, evidences of debt, and choses in action generally. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Internal revenue code: means the United States internal revenue code of 1986, in effect on January 1, 1998 or, at the option of the personal representative, in effect on the date of the decedent's death. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Intestate: Dying without leaving a will. Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Legacy: A gift of property made by will. Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors. Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Marital deduction: The deduction(s) that can be taken in the determination of gift and estate tax liabilities because of the existence of a marriage or marital relationship. month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Nonresident: means an individual who is not a resident. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Original transferor: means any grantor, donor, trustor, testator, or person who by grant, gift, trust, will, or otherwise, makes a transfer of real or personal property that results in a federal generation-skipping transfer tax. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Person: means an individual, firm, partnership, joint venture, association, social club fraternal organization, municipal or private corporation whether or not organized for profit, company, limited liability company, estate, trust receiver, trustee, syndicate, the United States, this state, country, or any other group or combination acting as a unit, and the plural as well as the singular number, unless the intention to give a more limited meaning is disclosed by the context. See Michigan Laws 205.173 Person: means an individual, firm, partnership, joint venture, association, corporation, limited liability company, company, estate, or any other group or combination acting as a unit. See Michigan Laws 205.256 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Personal property: All property that is not real property. Personal representative: means the personal representative appointed by the probate court, including an independent personal representative, or, if a personal representative is not acting, then any person who is in the actual or constructive possession of any property included in the gross estate of the decedent or any other person who is required to file a return or pay the taxes due under any provision of this act. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer. Probate: Proving a will property: means the property or interest in property of the testator, intestate, grantor, bargainor, or vendor, passing or transferred to those not specifically exempted from this act, and not as the property or interest in property passing or transferred to the individual legatees, devisees, heirs, next of kin, grantees, donees, or vendees, and includes all property or interest in property whether situated within or without this state and including all property represented or evidenced by note, certificate, stock, land, contract, mortgage or other kind or character of evidence thereof, and regardless of whether that evidence of property is owned, kept or possessed within or without this state. See Michigan Laws 205.221 prosecuting attorney: means the county treasurer or prosecuting attorney of the county having jurisdiction pursuant to section 10. See Michigan Laws 205.221 Qualified farm real and personal property: means real and personal property located in this state that on the date of the decedent's death was devoted primarily to an agricultural use, and, for a decedent who dies before January 1, 1993, meets all the following conditions or, for a decedent who dies after December 31, 1992, meets the conditions in either subparagraph (ii) or (iii):
(i) The real property is eligible as farmland pursuant to part 361 (farmland and open space preservation) of the natural resources and environmental protection act, Act No. See Michigan Laws 205.221Qualified heir: means an individual entitled to any beneficial interest in property who is the grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, husband, wife, child, legally adopted child, stepchild, brother, sister, wife or widow of a son, or husband or widower of a daughter of the decedent grantor, donor, or vendor, or for the use of a person to whom the decedent grantor, donor, or vendor stood in the mutually acknowledged relation of a parent, if the relationship began at or before the child's seventeenth birthday and continued until the death of the decedent grantor, donor, or vendor, or to or for the use of a lineal descendant of or a lineal descendant of a stepchild of the decedent grantor, donor, or vendor, or farm business partner, or to or for the use of any person to whom the decedent grantor, donor, or vendor stood in the mutually acknowledged relation of a farm business partner. See Michigan Laws 205.221 Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Resident: means that term as defined in section 18 of the income tax act of 1967, 1967 PA 281, MCL 206. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners. Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Soil conservation district agency: means the agency of the district where the real property is located created pursuant to part 93 (soil conservation districts) of the natural resources and environmental protection act, Act No. See Michigan Laws 205.221 state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o State land use agency: means the land use agency within the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 205.221 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights. Tangible personal property: means corporeal personal property. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Tax: includes all taxes, interest, or penalties levied under this act. See Michigan Laws 205.173 Taxpayer: means a person subject to tax under this act. See Michigan Laws 205.173 Testate: To die leaving a will. Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death. Transfer: includes the passing of property or an interest in property in possession or enjoyment, present or future, by inheritance, descent, devise, bequest, grant, deed, bargain, sale, or gift in the manner prescribed in this act. See Michigan Laws 205.221 Transfer tax: includes an estate, generation-skipping, inheritance, legacy, or succession tax for residents and nonresidents, including aliens. See Michigan Laws 205.256 Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. Source: OCC Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. United States: when used in a geographical sense includes only the 50 states and the District of Columbia. See Michigan Laws 205.256 United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Use tax: means the tax levied under the use tax act, 1937 PA 94, MCL 205. See Michigan Laws 205.173 Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge. Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.