Montana Code 35-8-310. General standards of member’s and manager’s conduct
35-8-310. General standards of member‘s and manager‘s conduct. (1) The only fiduciary duties that a member owes to a member-managed company and the other members are the duty of loyalty imposed by subsection (2) and the duty of care imposed by subsection (3).
Terms Used In Montana Code 35-8-310
- Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
- Business: includes every trade, occupation, profession, or other lawful purpose, whether or not carried on for profit. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- Manager: means a person who, whether or not a member of a manager-managed company, is vested with authority under 35-8-301. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Manager-managed company: means a limited liability company that is so designated in its articles of organization. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Member: means a person who has been admitted to membership in a limited liability company, as provided in 35-8-703, and who has not dissociated from the limited liability company. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Member-managed company: means a limited liability company other than a manager-managed company. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
- Operating agreement: means an agreement, including amendments, as to the conduct of the business and affairs of a limited liability company and the relations among the members, managers, and the company that is binding upon all of the members. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Person: means an individual, a general partnership, a limited partnership, a domestic or foreign limited liability company, a trust, an estate, an association, a corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Montana Code 35-8-102
- Property: means real and personal property. See Montana Code 1-1-205
- Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
(2)A member’s duty of loyalty to a member-managed company and its other members is limited to the following:
(a)to account to the company and to hold as trustee for it any property, profit, or benefit derived by the member in the conduct or winding up of the company’s business or derived from a use by the member of the company’s property, including the appropriation of a company’s opportunity;
(b)to refrain from dealing with the company in the conduct or winding up of the company’s business on behalf of a party or as a person having an interest adverse to the company; and
(c)to refrain from competing with the company in the conduct of the company’s business before the dissolution of the company.
(3)A member’s duty of care to a member-managed company and the other members in the conduct of and winding up of the company’s business is limited to refraining from engaging in grossly negligent or reckless conduct, intentional misconduct, or a knowing violation of law.
(4)A member shall discharge the duties under this chapter or the operating agreement to a member-managed company and its other members and exercise any rights consistently with the obligation of good faith and fair dealing.
(5)A member of a member-managed company does not violate a duty or obligation under this chapter or under the operating agreement merely because the member’s conduct furthers the member’s own interest.
(6)A member of a member-managed company may lend money to and transact other business with the company. As to each loan or transaction, the rights and obligations of the member are the same as those of a person who is not a member, subject to other applicable law.
(7)This section applies to a person winding up the limited liability company’s business as the personal or legal representative of the last-surviving member as if the person were a member.
(8)In a manager-managed company:
(a)a member who is not also a manager owes no duties to the company or to the other members solely by reason of being a member;
(b)a manager is held to the same standards of conduct as those prescribed for members in subsections (2) through (6);
(c)a member who pursuant to the operating agreement exercises some or all of the rights of a manager in the management and conduct of the company’s business is held to the standards of conduct prescribed for members in subsections (2) through (6) to the extent that the member exercises the managerial authority vested in a manager by this chapter; and
(d)a manager is relieved of liability imposed by law for violation of the standards prescribed for members by subsections (2) through (6) to the extent of the managerial authority delegated to the members by the operating agreement.