Florida Statutes 403.727 – Violations; defenses, penalties, and remedies
Current as of: 2023 | Check for updates
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(1) It is unlawful for any hazardous waste generator, transporter, or facility owner or operator to:
For details, see Fla. Stat. § 775.082(3)(e)
(a) Fail to comply with the provisions of this act or departmental rules or orders;
Attorney's Note
Under the Florida Statutes, punishments for crimes depend on the classification. In the case of this section:| Class | Prison | Fine |
|---|---|---|
| Felony of the third degree | up to 5 years | up to $5,000 |
Terms Used In Florida Statutes 403.727
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Department: means the Department of Environmental Protection or any successor agency performing a like function. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazardous waste into or upon any land or water so that such solid waste or hazardous waste or any constituent thereof may enter other lands or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including groundwaters, or otherwise enter the environment. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Hazardous substance: means any substance that is defined as a hazardous substance in the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 94 Stat. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Hazardous waste: means solid waste, or a combination of solid wastes, which, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness or may pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly transported, disposed of, stored, treated, or otherwise managed. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Hazardous waste facility: means any building, site, structure, or equipment at or by which hazardous waste is disposed of, stored, or treated. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
- Manifest: means the recordkeeping system used for identifying the concentration, quantity, composition, origin, routing, and destination of hazardous waste during its transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, storage, or treatment. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- minor: includes any person who has not attained the age of 18 years. See Florida Statutes 1.01
- Person: means any and all persons, natural or artificial, including any individual, firm, or association; any municipal or private corporation organized or existing under the laws of this state or any other state; any county of this state; and any governmental agency of this state or the Federal Government. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Processing: means any technique designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any solid waste so as to render it safe for transport; amenable to recovery, storage, or recycling; safe for disposal; or reduced in volume or concentration. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Recovered materials: means metal, paper, glass, plastic, textile, or rubber materials that have known recycling potential, can be feasibly recycled, and have been diverted and source separated or have been removed from the solid waste stream for sale, use, or reuse as raw materials, whether or not the materials require subsequent processing or separation from each other, but the term does not include materials destined for any use that constitutes disposal. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Recycling: means any process by which solid waste, or materials that would otherwise become solid waste, are collected, separated, or processed and reused or returned to use in the form of raw materials or intermediate or final products. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Transport: means the movement of hazardous waste from the point of generation or point of entry into the state to any offsite intermediate points and to the point of offsite ultimate disposal, storage, treatment, or exit from the state. See Florida Statutes 403.703
- Treatment: when used in connection with hazardous waste, means any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, which is designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize it or render it nonhazardous, safe for transport, amenable to recovery, amenable to storage or disposal, or reduced in volume or concentration. See Florida Statutes 403.703
(b) Operate without a valid permit;
(c) Fail to comply with a permit;
(d) Cause, authorize, create, suffer, or allow an imminent hazard to occur or continue;
(e) Knowingly make any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report, plan, or other document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to the provisions of this act;
(f) Fail to notify the department pursuant to s. 403.72(2); or
(g) Refuse lawful inspection.
(2) In addition to the “imminent hazard” provision, ss. 403.121 and 403.131 are available to the department to abate violations of this act.
(3) Violations of the provisions of this act are punishable as follows:
(a) Any person who violates this act, the rules or orders of the department, or the conditions of a permit is liable to the state for any damages specified in s. 403.141 and for a civil penalty of not more than $75,000 for each day of continued violation, except as otherwise provided herein. The department may revoke any permit issued to the violator. In any action by the department against a small hazardous waste generator for the improper disposal of hazardous wastes, a rebuttable presumption of improper disposal shall be created if the generator was notified pursuant to s. 403.7234; the generator shall then have the burden of proving that the disposal was proper. If the generator was not so notified, the burden of proving improper disposal shall be placed upon the department.
(b) Any person who knowingly or by exhibiting reckless indifference or gross careless disregard for human health:
1. Transports or causes to be transported any hazardous waste, as defined in s. 403.703, to a facility which does not have a permit when such a permit is required under s. 403.707 or s. 403.722;
2. Disposes of, treats, or stores hazardous waste:
a. At any place but a hazardous waste facility which has a current and valid permit pursuant to s. 403.722;
b. In knowing violation of any material condition or requirement of such permit if such violation has a substantial likelihood of endangering human health, animal or plant life, or property; or
c. In knowing violation of any material condition or requirement of any applicable rule or standard if such violation has a substantial likelihood of endangering human health, animal or plant life, or property;
3. Makes any false statement or representation or knowingly omits material information in any hazardous waste application, label, manifest, record, report, permit, or other document required by this act;
4. Generates, stores, treats, transports, disposes of, or otherwise handles any hazardous waste and who knowingly destroys, alters, conceals, or fails to file any record, application, manifest, report, or other document required to be maintained or filed for purposes of compliance with this act; or
5. Transports without a manifest, or causes to be transported without a manifest, any hazardous waste required by rules adopted by the department to be accompanied by a manifest
is, upon conviction, guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable for the first such conviction by a fine of not more than $50,000 for each day of violation or imprisonment not to exceed 5 years, or both, and for any subsequent conviction by a fine of not more than $100,000 per day of violation or imprisonment of not more than 10 years, or both.
(4) In addition to any other liability under this chapter, and subject only to the defenses set forth in subsections (5), (6), (7), and (8):
(a) The owner and operator of a facility;
(b) Any person who at the time of disposal of any hazardous substance owned or operated any facility at which such hazardous substance was disposed of;
(c) Any person who, by contract, agreement, or otherwise, arranged for disposal or treatment, or arranged with a transporter for transport for disposal or treatment, of hazardous substances owned or possessed by such person or by any other party or entity at any facility owned or operated by another party or entity and containing such hazardous substances; and
(d) Any person who accepts or has accepted any hazardous substances for transport to disposal or treatment facilities or sites selected by such person,
is liable for all costs of removal or remedial action incurred by the department under this section and damages for injury to, destruction of, or loss of natural resources, including the reasonable costs of assessing such injury, destruction, or loss resulting from the release or threatened release of a hazardous substance as defined in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-510.
(5) The following defenses are available to a person alleged to be in violation of this act, who shall plead and prove that the alleged violation was solely the result of any of the following or combination of the following:
(a) An act of war.
(b) An act of government, either state, federal, or local, unless the person claiming the defense is a governmental body, in which case this defense is available only by acts of other governmental bodies.
(c) An act of God, which means only an unforeseeable act exclusively occasioned by the violence of nature without the interference of any human agency.
(d) An act or omission of a third party other than an employee or agent of the defendant or other than one whose act or omission occurs in connection with a contractual relationship existing, directly or indirectly, with the defendant, except when the sole contractual arrangement arises from a published tariff and acceptance for carriage by a common carrier by rail, if the defendant establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that:
1. The defendant exercised due care with respect to the hazardous waste concerned, taking into consideration the characteristics of such biomedical or hazardous waste, in light of all relevant facts and circumstances; and
2. The defendant took precautions against foreseeable acts or omissions of any such third party and against the consequences that could foreseeably result from such acts or omissions.
(6) A generator or transporter of hazardous wastes who has complied with this act and with the applicable rules adopted under this act and who has contracted for the disposal of hazardous wastes with a licensed hazardous waste disposal or processing facility is relieved from liability for those wastes upon receipt of a certificate of disposal from the disposal or processing facility.
(7) A generator of hazardous waste who has complied with this act and with the applicable rules under this act and who has contracted for the transportation of hazardous waste to a licensed hazardous waste facility is relieved of liability to the extent that such liability is covered by the insurance or bond of the transporter obtained pursuant to this act.
(8) In order to promote the reuse and recycling of recovered materials and to remove potential impediments to recycling, notwithstanding s. 376.308 and this section, a person who sells, transfers, or arranges for the transfer of recycled and recovered materials to a facility owned or operated by another person for the purpose of reclamation, recycling, manufacturing, or reuse of such materials is relieved from liability for hazardous substances released or threatened to be released from the receiving facility. This relief from liability does not apply if the person fails to exercise reasonable care with respect to the management and handling of the recycled and recovered materials, or if the arrangement for reclamation, recycling, manufacturing, or reuse of such materials was not reasonably expected to be legitimate based on information generally available to the person at the time of the arrangement. For the purpose of this subsection, the term “recycled and recovered materials” means scrap paper; scrap plastic; scrap glass; scrap textiles; scrap rubber, other than whole tires; scrap metal; or spent lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries or other spent batteries. The term includes minor amounts of material incident to or adhering to the scrap material as a result of its normal and customary use before becoming scrap. The term does not include hazardous waste. This subsection applies to causes of action accruing on or after July 1, 2015, and applies retroactively to causes of action accruing before July 1, 2015, for which a lawsuit has not been filed.
(9) A party liable for a violation of this section shall have a right to contribution from other parties identified in subsection (4) as liable for the pollution conditions.