Iowa Code 456A.36 – Timber buyers
Current as of: 2023 | Check for updates
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1. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
a. “Employee” means a person in service or under contract for hire, expressed or implied, oral or written, who is engaged in any phase of the enterprise or business.
b. “Timber” means trees, standing or felled, and logs which can be used for sawing or processing into lumber for building or structural purposes or for the manufacture of an article. However,“timber” does not include firewood, Christmas trees, or fruit or ornamental trees.
c. “Timber buyer” means a person engaged in the business of buying timber for sawing into lumber, for processing, or for resale, but does not include a person who occasionally purchases timber for sawing or processing for the person’s own use and not for resale.“Timber buyer” includes a person who contracts with a timber grower on a shared-profit basis to harvest timber from the timber grower’s land.
d. “Timber grower” means the owner, tenant, or operator of land in this state who has an interest in, or is entitled to receive a part of the proceeds from, the sale of timber grown in this state and includes a person exercising authority to sell timber.
Attorney's Note
Under the Iowa Code, punishments for crimes depend on the classification. In the case of this section:| Class | Prison | Fine |
|---|---|---|
| Serious misdemeanor | up to 1 year | between $430 and $2,560 |
Terms Used In Iowa Code 456A.36
- Certificate: means a certificate of title. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Commission: means the natural resource commission. See Iowa Code 456A.1
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Department: means the department of natural resources created under section 455A. See Iowa Code 456A.1
- Director: means the director of the department. See Iowa Code 456A.1
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- following: when used by way of reference to a chapter or other part of a statute mean the next preceding or next following chapter or other part. See Iowa Code 4.1
- Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
- Operator: means a person who operates or is in actual physical control of a vessel. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Owner: means a person, other than a lienholder, having the property right in or title to a motorboat or vessel. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Person: means an individual, partnership, firm, corporation, or association. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
- Proceeds: includes whatever is received when collateral or proceeds are sold, exchanged, collected, or otherwise disposed of. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Rule: includes "regulation". See Iowa Code 4.1
- state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories, and the words "United States" may include the said district and territories. See Iowa Code 4.1
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
- Use: means to operate, navigate, or employ a vessel. See Iowa Code 462A.2
- Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
- year: means twelve consecutive months. See Iowa Code 4.1
2. a. (1) A timber buyer shall file with the commission a surety bond signed by the person as principal and a corporate surety authorized to engage in the business of executing surety bonds within the state. In lieu of a corporate surety a timber buyer may, with the approval of the commission, file a bond signed by the timber buyer as principal and accompanied by a bank certificate of deposit in a form approved by the commission showing to the satisfaction of the commission that funds equal to the amount of the required bond are on deposit in a bank to be held by the bank for the period covered by the certificate. The funds shall be made payable upon demand to the director, subject to the provisions of this section, for the use and benefit of the people of the state and for the use and benefit of a timber grower from whom the timber buyer purchased and who is not paid by the timber buyer or for the use and benefit of a timber grower whose timber has been cut by the timber buyer or the timber buyer’s agents, and who has not been paid.
(2) The principal amount of the bond shall be ten percent of the total amount paid to timber growers during the preceding year, plus ten percent of the total amount due or delinquent and unpaid to timber growers at the end of the preceding year, and ten percent of the market value of growers’ shares of timber harvested during the previous year. However, the total amount of the bond shall be not less than twenty-five thousand dollars and not more than fifty thousand dollars.
(3) The bond or surety shall not be canceled or altered except upon at least sixty days’ notice in writing to the commission.
(4) Bonds shall be in the form approved by the director, be conditioned to secure an honest cutting and accounting for timber purchased by the timber buyer, secure payment to the timber growers, and insure the timber growers against all fraudulent acts of the timber buyer in the purchase and cutting of the timber of this state.
b. If a timber buyer fails to pay when due an amount due a timber grower for timber purchased, or fails to pay legally determined damages for timber wrongfully cut by a timber buyer or the buyer’s agent, or commits a violation of this section, an action on the bond for forfeiture may be commenced. The action is not exclusive and is in addition to other legal remedies available.
c. The timber grower, the owner of timber cut, or the director may bring action on the bond for payment of the amount due from proceeds of the bond in the district court of the county in which the place of business of the timber buyer is situated or in any other lawful venue.
d. The attorney general, upon request of the commission, shall institute proceedings to have the bond of the timber buyer forfeited for violation of any of the provisions of this section or for noncompliance with a commission rule. A timber buyer whose bond has been forfeited shall not engage in the business of buying timber for one year after the forfeiture.
e. If the commission realizes more than the amount of liability from the security, after deducting expenses incurred in converting the security into money, the commission shall pay the excess to the timber buyer who furnished the security.
3. The following are violations of this section:
a. For a person to fail to pay, as agreed, for timber purchased.
b. For a person to cut or cause to be cut or appropriate timber not purchased.
c. For a person to willfully make a false statement in connection with the bond or other information required to be given to the commission or a timber grower.
d. For a person to fail to honestly account to the timber grower or the commission for timber purchased or cut if the person is under a duty to do so.
e. For a person to commit a fraudulent act in connection with the purchase or cutting of timber.
f. For a person engaged in the business of transporting timber to transport timber without a completed timber transport certificate. The timber transport certificate shall be on a form approved by the department. A person shall not be convicted of a violation of this paragraph if the person produces before or at the person’s trial a copy of the timber transport certificate, written proof of the vendor’s ownership of the timber, or written consent of the owner of the timber.
g. For a person to purchase timber without obtaining, prior to taking possession of the timber, a copy of the timber transport certificate, written proof of the vendor’s ownership of the timber, or the written consent of the owner of the timber. The purchaser shall keep the copy of the timber transport certificate or written proof of ownership or consent on file for at least one year from the date the timber was released to the purchaser’s possession.
4. a. With the written consent of the timber buyer, the commission, its agents and other employees may inspect the premises and records of the timber buyer.
b. If the timber buyer refuses admittance, or if prior to such refusal the director demonstrates the necessity for a warrant, the director may make application under oath to the district court of the county in which the premises or records are located for the issuance of a search warrant.
c. In the application the director shall state that an inspection of the premises or record designated in the application may result in evidence tending to reveal the existence of violations of the provisions of this section or rule issued by the commission pursuant to this section. The application shall describe the premises or records to be inspected, give the date of the last inspection if known, give the date and time of the proposed inspection, declare the need for such inspection, recite that notice of desire to make an inspection has been given to affected persons and that admission was refused if that be the fact, and state that the inspection has no purpose other than to carry out the purpose of the statute or rule pursuant to which inspection is to be made.
d. The court may issue a search warrant, after examination of the applicant and any witnesses, if the court is satisfied that there is probable cause to believe the existence of the allegations contained in the application.
e. In making investigations, examinations, or surveys pursuant to the authority of this subsection, the director must execute the warrant in a reasonable manner within ten days after its date of issuance.
5. a. A person who engages in business as a timber buyer without filing a bond or surety with the commission is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
b. A person who engages in business as a timber buyer who refuses to permit inspection of premises, books, accounts, or records as provided in this section is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
c. A person who violates any of the provisions of this section for which no other punishment is provided is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
6. The commission may promulgate rules as necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.
7. The commission may, by application to a district court, obtain an injunction restraining a person who engages in the business of timber buying in this state from engaging in the business until that person complies with this section. Upon refusal or neglect to obey the order of the court, the court may compel obedience by proceedings for contempt.