Terms Used In Louisiana Revised Statutes > Title 48 > Chapter 2 > Part I - General Provisions

• Acquiring person: means either of the following:

  (a)  A person acquiring tax sale title to a tax sale property. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122

• Adjudicated property: means property of which tax sale title is acquired by a political subdivision pursuant to La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Airline: means a company engaged in the business of transporting passengers and/or property for hire on regularly scheduled flights within, into, or from this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Alternate: means an item on the bid form that may either increase or decrease the quantity of work or change the type of work within the scope of the project, material, or equipment specified in the bidding documents, or both. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Assessed benefits: means the increased value accruing to lands and other property by reason of the improvements set out in the plan for reclamation. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1601
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bidding documents: means the bid notice, plans and specifications, bid form, bidding instructions, addenda, special provisions, and all other written instruments prepared by or on behalf of a public entity for use by prospective bidders on a public contract. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Change order: means any contract modification that includes an alteration, deviation, addition, or omission as to a preexisting public work contract, which authorizes an adjustment in the contract price, contract time, or an addition, deletion, or revision of work. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Change order outside the scope of the contract: means a change order which alters the nature of the thing to be constructed or which is not an integral part of the project objective. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Commercial fishing boat: shall mean any water craft used in the occupation of fishing for profit. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1690
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of conservation of the state of Louisiana. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 30:503
• Company: means a person, firm, association, organization, partnership, or corporation. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: means any contract awarded by the department for construction or maintenance of transportation facilities or work authorized by La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 48:251.9
• contract: means any contract awarded by any public entity for the making of any public works or for the purchase of any materials or supplies. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contractor: means any person or other legal entity who enters into a public contract. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Controlled dangerous substance: means a drug, substance, or immediate precursor in Schedule I through V of La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2602
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Credit: includes every claim and demand for money, labor, merchandise and other valuable things. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dealer: means a person who in violation of Louisiana law manufactures, produces, ships, transports, or imports into Louisiana or in any manner acquires or possesses more than forty-two and one-half grams of marijuana, or seven or more grams of any controlled dangerous substance, or ten or more dosage units of any controlled dangerous substance which is not sold by weight. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2602
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Duly notified: means , with respect to a particular person, that an effort meeting the requirements of due process of law has been made to identify and to provide that person with a notice that meets the requirements of La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Electric membership corporation: means any non-profit association or corporation organized pursuant to Title 12, Chapter 4, Part I of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950, which is engaged in the business of manufacturing, generating, supplying, or manufacturing, generating and supplying electricity for light, heat, or power to consumers in this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Electric power company: means a company primarily engaged in the business of manufacturing, generating, supplying, or manufacturing, generating and supplying electricity for light, heat, or power to consumers in this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Emergency: means an unforeseen mischance bringing with it destruction or injury of life or property or the imminent threat of such destruction or injury or as the result of an order from any judicial body to take any immediate action which requires construction or repairs absent compliance with the formalities of this Part, where the mischance or court order will not admit of the delay incident to advertising as provided in this Part. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Enrolled bill: The final copy of a bill or joint resolution which has passed both chambers in identical form. It is printed on parchment paper, signed by appropriate officials, and submitted to the President/Governor for signature.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Express company: means a company engaged in the business of conveying merchandise or other articles by express for hire within, through, into, or from this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• extreme public emergency: means a catastrophic event which causes the loss of ability to obtain a quorum of the members necessary to certify the emergency prior to making the expenditure to acquire materials or supplies or to make repairs necessary for the protection of life, property, or continued function of the public entity. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• farm machinery: shall mean and include all motor propelled or motor operated mechanical devices used on a farm in the tilling of the soil and the production of crops, but shall not include any vehicle licensed for use on the public highways of this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1690
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• front footage: as used in this Part shall mean the footage of each lot or parcel of real estate abutting the right of way, street, or drainage way along which the drainage line is constructed. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1585
• front footage: as used in this Part shall mean the footage of each lot or parcel of real estate abutting the right of way, street, or drainage way along which the drainage line is constructed. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1596.5
• Gas company: means a company engaged in the business of supplying artificial or natural gas through pipe or tubing for light, heat, or power to consumers in the state and which is regulated by the Louisiana Public Service Commission or by the governing authority of a political subdivision pursuant to Section 21 of Article IV of thethe Louisiana Constitution of 1974. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Gasoline: shall mean any motor fuel which is subject to tax under Part I of Chapter 7 of Sub-title II of Title 47 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1690
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• immovable property: means and includes not only land, city, town and village lots, but all things thereunto pertaining, and all structures and other appurtenances thereto, as pass to the vendee by the conveyance of the land or lot. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Immovable property: means all things fixed and immovable by nature, destination or object, or disposition of law, whether owned or leased for a definite and specific term stated or which are continuously used or operated in Louisiana, including, but not limited to land, real estate, depots and station houses, buildings, tracks, repair and other shops, storage and other warehouses, excavations, channels, pole lines, docks, piers, or any structure or construction of permanent or quasi-permanent character. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• in writing: means the product of any method of forming characters on paper, other materials, or viewable screen, which can be read, retrieved, and reproduced, including information that is electronically transmitted and stored. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Major movable property: means all movable and regularly moved locomotives, cars, vehicles, craft, barges, boats, and similar things which have not the character of immovable property, either owned or leased for a definite and specific term, including, but not limited to, the engines, cars, and all rolling stock of railroad companies; the boats, barges, and other watercraft and floating equipment of barge line and towing companies; the rolling stock of private car companies; the flight equipment of airlines; but not including "other movable property" as defined in Subsection J. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Marijuana: means all parts of plants of the Genus Cannabis, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin, but shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2602
• moneys: means and includes gold, silver and other coin, bills of exchange, bank bills or other bills or notes, authorized to be circulated as money, whether in possession or subject to the draft of the depositor or the person having the beneficial interest therein on demand. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• movable property: means and includes all things other than real estate which have any pecuniary value, all monies, credits, investments in bonds, stocks, franchises, shares in joint stock companies, or otherwise. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Negotiate: means the process of making purchases and entering into contracts without formal advertising and public bidding with the intention of obtaining the best price and terms possible under the circumstances. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Ordinance: means :

  (a)  An act of a political subdivision that has the force and effect of law, including but not limited to an ordinance, a resolution, or a motion; or

  (b)  A rule or regulation promulgated by the State Land Office, the division of administration, or by another state agency with authority over adjudicated properties. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122

• Other movable property: means all other property, corporeal or incorporeal, not included within the definitions of "immovable property" or "major movable property" and not immovable by nature or by disposition of law, which are so owned, leased, and so operated or used, including, but not limited to, material and supplies, inventories, fuel, leased rail, tools, furniture and fixtures, machinery, scales, pumps, water wells, communication equipment used solely in such enterprises and not available to the public, landing piers, docks, and all similar equipment. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act: shall mean Title 43 U. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Waters: shall mean all waters above all submerged land seaward and outside of the area of state submerged lands beneath navigable waters as defined in the Submerged Lands Act, 43 U. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means a person who holds an ownership interest that has not been terminated pursuant to La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Owner: means the owner of record, and it shall not include usufructuaries, lessees, mortgagees, or trustees, who shall be considered as represented by the record owner for all purposes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1601
• Owner: means the owner of record, and it shall not include usufructuaries, lessees, mortgagees, or trustees, who shall be considered as represented by the record owner for all purposes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1601
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Payment nullity: means a nullity arising from payment of taxes prior to a tax sale, including payment based on dual assessment. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• person: includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 1:10
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Pipeline company: means any company that is engaged primarily in the business of transporting oil, natural gas, petroleum products, or other products within, through, into, or from this state, and which is regulated by (1) the Louisiana Public Service Commission, (2) the Interstate Commerce Commission, or (3) the Federal Power Commission, as a "natural gas company" under the Federal Natural Gas Act, 15 U. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• police jury: means the governing authority of the various parishes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1601
• police jury: means the governing authority of the various parishes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1751
• police jury: means the governing authority of the various parishes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1601
• Political subdivision: means any of the following to the extent it has the power to levy ad valorem taxes and conduct tax sales for failure to pay ad valorem taxes:

  (a)  The state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122

• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Private car company: means a company whose railway rolling stock, used either for freight or passenger purposes and whether owned or leased, is operated over any railroad within, through, into, or from this state, but not the rolling stock of any regularly incorporated railroad. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Probable construction costs: means the estimate for the cost of the project as designed that is determined by the public entity or the designer. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Property: includes every form, character and kind of property, real, personal, and mixed, tangible and intangible, corporeal and incorporeal, and every share, right, title or interest therein or thereto, and every right, privilege, franchise, patent, copyright, trade-mark, certificate, or other evidence of ownership or interest; bonds, notes, judgments, credits, accounts, or other evidence of indebtedness, and every other thing of value, in possession, on hand, or under the control, at any time during the calendar year for which taxes are levied, within the State of Louisiana, of any person, firm, partnership, association of persons, or corporation, foreign or domestic whether the same be held, possessed, or controlled, as owner, agent, pledgee, mortgagee, or legal representative, or as president, cashier, treasurer, liquidator, assignee, master, superintendent, manager, sequestrator, receiver, trustee, stakeholder, depository, warehouseman, keeper, curator, executor, administrator, legatee, heir, beneficiary, parent, attorney, usufructuary, mandatary, fiduciary, or other capacity, whether the owner be known or unknown; except in the cases of fire, life, or other insurance companies, the notes, judgments, accounts, and credits of nonresident persons, firms, corporations, partnerships, associations, or companies doing business in the State of Louisiana, originating from the business done in this state, are hereby declared to be property with its situs within this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public entity: means and includes the state of Louisiana, or any agency, board, commission, department, or public corporation of the state, created by the constitution or statute or pursuant thereto, or any political subdivision of the state, including but not limited to any political subdivision as defined in Article VI Section 44 of the Constitution of Louisiana, and any public housing authority, public school board, or any public officer whether or not an officer of a public corporation or political subdivision. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Public service properties: means the immovable, major movable, and other movable property owned or used but not otherwise assessed in this state in the operations of each airline, electric membership corporation, electric power company, express company, gas company, pipeline company, railroad company, telegraph company, telephone company, and water company. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Public work: means the erection, construction, alteration, improvement, or repair of any public facility or immovable property owned, used, or leased by a public entity. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:2211
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Railroad company: means a company primarily engaged in the business of operating a railroad or terminal either wholly or partially within this state on right-of-way owned, leased, or held exclusively by the company. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Redemption nullity: means the right of a person to annul a tax sale in accordance with La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Redemptive period: means the period in which a person may redeem property as provided in thethe Louisiana Constitution. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Refundable purposes: shall mean the operating or propelling of any aircraft, any commercial fishing boat, any vehicle used by a licensed commercial fisherman in the administration of business associated with commercial fishing, any boat used to transport children to or from public or parochial schools, any farm tractor or any farm machinery used in the actual tilling of the soil and production of crops or any stationary motor used for agricultural purposes. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1690
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Rolling stock: includes any kind of locomotive, car, or sleeping car used either for freight or passenger purposes, that may be operated over any railroad within this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Secretary: means the secretary of the Department of Revenue or his duly authorized representatives. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2602
• Send: means either of the following:

  (a)  To deposit in the mail or deliver for transmission by any other commercially reasonable means of communication with postage or cost of transmission provided for, and properly addressed to any address reasonable under the circumstances. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122

• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Signed: includes using any symbol executed or adopted with present intention to adopt or accept a writing in tangible form. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Simple resolution: Designated "S. Res.," simple resolutions are used to express nonbinding positions of the Senate or to deal with the Senate's internal affairs, such as the creation of a special committee. They do not require action by the House of Representatives.
• square footage: shall mean the area of land measured in square feet to be drained by the improvements to be constructed. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1585
• square footage: shall mean the area of land measured in square feet to be drained by the improvements to be constructed. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 38:1596.5
• Stamp: means the impression, device, stamp, label, or print manufactured or printed as prescribed by the secretary by the use of which the tax levied hereunder is paid. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2602
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statutory imposition: means ad valorem taxes and any imposition in addition to ad valorem taxes that are included on the tax bill sent to the tax debtor. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Tax commission: means the Louisiana Tax Commission as established in Title 47, Section 1831 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950, or its successor. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Tax debtor: means , as of the date of determination, the person listed on the tax roll in accordance with La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax notice party: means , as of the date of determination, the tax debtor and any person requesting notice pursuant to La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax sale: means the sale or adjudication of tax sale title to property pursuant to La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax sale certificate: means the written notice evidencing a tax sale to be filed in accordance with La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax sale property: means property for which tax sale title is sold pursuant to La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax sale purchaser: means the purchaser of tax sale property, his successors, and assigns. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• Tax sale title: means the set of rights acquired by a tax sale purchaser or, in the case of adjudicated property, on the applicable political subdivision, pursuant to this Chapter. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122
• taxpayers: includes firms, companies, associations and corporations; all words importing the masculine gender apply to females also, and all words in the plural number apply to single individuals in all cases in which the spirit and intent of this Chapter require it. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1702
• Telegraph company: means a company primarily engaged in the business of transmitting telegraph messages within, through, into, or from this state. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Telephone company: means a company primarily engaged in the business of transmitting telephone messages within, through, into, or from this state; however, the term "telephone company" shall not include any company that:

  (1)  Primarily is engaged in the business of owning, operating, or managing a radio common carrier, as defined in La. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851

• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• True bill: Another word for indictment.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Water company: means a company primarily engaged in the business of supplying water through pipe or tubing to consumers in this state with the exception of those exempt by thethe Louisiana Constitution of 1974, Article VII, Section 21(B)(1). See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:1851
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.
• writing: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or which is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:2122