Michigan Laws > Chapter 41 > Act 188 of 1954 – Public Improvements


§ 41.721	Public improvements by township board; bonds; special assessments to defray costs
§ 41.721a	“Record owner” defined
§ 41.722	Types of improvements authorized; approval; conditions
§ 41.723	Written objections; petition; filing; signatures; determining record owners; determining sufficiency of petition; supplement to petition; validity of signatures
§ 41.724	Plans; cost estimate; resolution; designation of special assessment district; hearing; notice; periodic redeterminations of cost; objections; adding property to special assessment district; supplement
§ 41.724a	Notice of hearings in special assessment proceedings
§ 41.725	Approval or determination by township board; levy of special assessment
§ 41.726	Filing and review of special assessment roll; hearing; notice; adjournments; objections; confirmation, referral, or annulment; endorsement; finality; action contesting assessment
§ 41.727	Payment of special assessments in installments; amount of installment; extension; due dates; interest on unpaid installments; lien; limitation; statement of amount; payment of future due installments;
§ 41.728	Special assessments to constitute lien; limitation; character and effect
§ 41.729	Special assessments; collection by township treasurer, report of delinquencies
§ 41.729a	Deferred assessment; application; evidence of hardship; ordinance; deferred assessment as recorded lien
§ 41.730	Special assessments; delinquencies, reassessment
§ 41.731	Division of lands; apportionment of uncollected assessments
§ 41.732	Special assessment roll; insufficiency, additional pro rata assessments; surplus, refunds
§ 41.733	Illegal special assessment; reassessment proceedings
§ 41.734	Exempt corporations; agreement to pay assessment
§ 41.734a	Assessment on platted corner lots; payment of portion by governing body
§ 41.735	Bonds
§ 41.735a	Township improvement revolving fund; advances; interest
§ 41.735b	Township improvement revolving fund; transfer of funds; amount
§ 41.735c	Special assessments to defray certain obligations
§ 41.736	Public improvements; powers granted to townships
§ 41.737	Scope of act
§ 41.738	Use of interest earned from investments, money from bond proceeds, or money from interest and penalties on unpaid special assessment

Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 41 > Act 188 of 1954 - Public Improvements

Abandoned: means left without provision for reasonable and necessary care or supervision. See Michigan Laws 722.1102
Absent voter: is a voter who utilizes the process described in section 759. See Michigan Laws 168.2
Act of congress: means the act of congress approved June 18, 1934, entitled "An act to provide for the establishment, operation and maintenance of foreign trade zones in ports of entry of the United States, to expedite and encourage foreign commerce, and for other purposes". See Michigan Laws 447.1
Active efforts: means actions to provide remedial services and rehabilitative programs designed to prevent the breakup of the Indian family and to reunify the Indian child with the Indian family. See Michigan Laws 712B.3
Ad valorem general property tax: means taxes levied under the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211. See Michigan Laws 324.51101
Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
Administrative act: includes an action, omission, decision, recommendation, practice, or other procedure of the department. See Michigan Laws 4.351
Administrative act: includes an action, omission, decision, recommendation, practice, or other procedure of the department. See Michigan Laws 4.771
Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
Allegation: something that someone says happened.
Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
annual meeting: when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April. See Michigan Laws 8.3d
Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
Auction sale: as used in this act shall mean the offering for sale or selling of personal property to the highest bidder, or offering for sale or selling of personal property at a high price and then offering the same at successive lower prices until a buyer is secured. See Michigan Laws 446.57
Authority: means the Michigan export development authority created by section 3. See Michigan Laws 447.152
Authority: means the Michigan forest finance authority created in section 50503. See Michigan Laws 324.50502
Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
Bequest: Property gifted by will.
Biofuel: means any renewable liquid or gas fuel offered for sale as a fuel that is derived from recently living organisms or their metabolic by-products and meets applicable quality standards, including, but not limited to, ethanol, ethanol-blended fuel, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends. See Michigan Laws 324.12101
Biogas: means a biofuel that is a gas. See Michigan Laws 324.12101
Board: means the board of directors of the authority established by section 4. See Michigan Laws 447.152
Board: means the board of directors of the Michigan forest finance authority, except where the context clearly requires a different definition. See Michigan Laws 324.50502
Bonds: means bonds of the authority issued as provided in this part. See Michigan Laws 324.50502
Breast height: means 4. See Michigan Laws 324.52501
Brine: means a liquid produced as a by-product of oil or natural gas production or exploration. See Michigan Laws 324.12101
Bureau: means the legislative service bureau. See Michigan Laws 4.1102
by-product: means any material that is produced by, is incident to, or results from industrial, commercial, or governmental activity or any other activity or enterprise, that is determined to be liquid by method 9095 (paint filter liquids test) as described in "Test methods for evaluating solid wastes, physical/chemical methods" United States Environmental Protection Agency publication no. See Michigan Laws 324.12101
Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
Certification: means a process where an independent third party organization assesses and evaluates forest management practices according to the standards of a certification program resulting in an issuance of a certificate of compliance or conformity. See Michigan Laws 324.52501
Certification program: means a program that develops specific standards that measure whether forest management practices are consistent with principles of sustainable forestry. See Michigan Laws 324.52501
Certified health department: means a city, county, or district department of health certified under section 11716. See Michigan Laws 324.11701
Certified nurse midwife: means a registered professional nurse under part 172 who has been granted a specialty certification in the profession specialty field of nurse midwifery by the board of nursing under section 17210. See Michigan Laws 333.17101
Certified prescribed burn manager: means an individual who has successfully completed the certification program of the department under section 51513 and possesses a valid certification number. See Michigan Laws 324.51501
Cesspool: means a cavity in the ground that receives waste to be partially absorbed directly or indirectly by the surrounding soil. See Michigan Laws 324.11701
Chambers: A judge's office.
Chief executive officer: means any of the following:

(i) For a city, the mayor. See Michigan Laws 446.203

Child: means an individual who is younger than 18 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Child custody proceeding: includes , but is not limited to, 1 or more of the following:

(i) Foster care placement. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Child-custody determination: means a judgment, decree, or other court order providing for legal custody, physical custody, or parenting time with respect to a child. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Child-custody proceeding: means a proceeding in which legal custody, physical custody, or parenting time with respect to a child is an issue. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

city: whenever used in this act , shall be construed to mean a city incorporated under this act, or made subject to its provisions. See Michigan Laws 113.10

Commencement: means the filing of the first pleading in a proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

commercial forestland: means forestland that is determined to be a commercial forest under section 51104. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Commission: means the Michigan law revision commission. See Michigan Laws 4.1102

Commission: means the commission of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Commission: means the commission of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.

Compensation: means a payment of any money, thing of value, or financial benefit conferred in return for inducing an individual to participate in a pyramid promotional scheme. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Compensation: means salaries. See Michigan Laws 4.511

Competency evaluation: means a court-ordered examination of a juvenile directed to developing information relevant to a determination of his or her competency to proceed at a particular stage of a court proceeding involving a juvenile who is the subject of a delinquency petition. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Complainant: means a prisoner or legislator who files a complaint under section 4. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Complainant: means a resident veteran, family member of a resident veteran, legal guardian or individual with power of attorney for a resident veteran, or legislator who files a complaint under section 4. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.

Computer: means any connected, directly interoperable or interactive device, equipment, or facility that uses a computer program or other instructions to perform specific operations including logical, arithmetic, or memory functions with or on computer data or a computer program and that can store, retrieve, alter, or communicate the results of the operations to a person, computer program, computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Computer network: means the interconnection of hardwire or wireless communication lines with a computer through remote terminals, or a complex consisting of 2 or more interconnected computers. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Computer program: means a series of internal or external instructions communicated in a form acceptable to a computer that directs the functioning of a computer, computer system, or computer network in a manner designed to provide or produce products or results from the computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Computer system: means a set of related, connected or unconnected, computer equipment, devices, software, or hardware. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Computer system: means a set of related, connected or unconnected, computer equipment, devices, software, or hardware. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Conference committee: A temporary, ad hoc panel composed of conferees from both chamber of a legislature which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.

Conference report: The compromise product negotiated by the conference committee. The "conference report" is submitted to each chamber for its consideration, such as approval or disapproval.

Conservation: means the wise use of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.52501

Consideration: means the payment of cash or anything of value or the purchase of goods, services, or intangible property. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Container: means any portable device in which a liquid industrial by-product is stored, transported, treated, or otherwise handled. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.

Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.

Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.

Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.

Costs: means 1 or more of the following costs that may be chargeable to the waste management project as a capital cost under generally acceptable accounting principles:

(i) The cost or fair market value of the acquisition or construction of lands, property rights, utility extensions, disposal facilities, buildings, structures, fixtures, machinery, equipment, access roads, easements, and franchises. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Council: means the legislative council. See Michigan Laws 4.1102

Council: means the legislative council established under section 15 of article IV of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Council: means the legislative council established under section 15 of article IV of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Council administrator: means the chief executive officer of all legislative council agencies. See Michigan Laws 4.1102

Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.

County juvenile agency: means that term as defined in section 2 of the county juvenile agency act, 1998 PA 518, MCL 45. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Court: means the family division of circuit court. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Court: means the family division of circuit court or the probate court. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Court: means an entity authorized under the law of a state to establish, enforce, or modify a child-custody determination. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Culturally appropriate services: means services that enhance an Indian child's and family's relationship to, identification, and connection with the Indian child's tribe. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Customer: means an individual who is lawfully on the premises of a retail establishment. See Michigan Laws 446.71

Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.

Debt: means all borrowed money, loans, and other indebtedness, including principal and interest, evidenced by bonds, obligations, refunding obligations, notes, contracts, securities, refunding securities, municipal securities, or certificates of indebtedness that are lawfully issued or assumed, in whole or in part, by a municipality, or will be evidenced by a judgment or decree against the municipality. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Debt retirement fund: means a segregated account or group of accounts used to account for the payment of, interest on, or principal and interest on a municipal security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Decedent: A deceased person.

declassification: means the removal of the commercial forest designation pursuant to section 51116. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.

Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.

Defined benefit plan: means a retirement program other than a defined contribution plan. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Defined contribution plan: means a retirement program that provides for an individual account for each participant and for benefits based solely upon the amount contributed to the participant's account, and any income, expenses, gains, and losses credited or charged to the account, and any forfeitures of accounts of other participants that may be allocated to the participant's account. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Department: means the department of agriculture. See Michigan Laws 447.202

Department: means the department of environmental quality or its authorized agent. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Department: means the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Department: means the department of health and human services. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Department: means the department of corrections. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Department: means the department of health and human services or a successor department or agency. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Department: means the department of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Department: means the department of military and veterans affairs. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Department: means the director of the department of natural resources or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

Department of natural resources: means the principal state department created in section 501. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.

Designated facility: means a treatment facility, storage facility, disposal facility, or reclamation facility that receives liquid industrial by-product from off-site. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Device: includes , but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, electrochemical, biochemical, hydraulic, optical, or organic object that performs input, output, or storage functions by the manipulation of electronic, magnetic, or other impulses. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Devise: To gift property by will.

Director: means the director of the department of agriculture. See Michigan Laws 447.202

Director: means the director of the department of environmental quality or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Director: means the director of the department. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Director: means the director of the department or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Director: means the director of the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Discarded: means any of the following:

(i) Abandoned by being disposed of, burned, or incinerated; or accumulated, stored, or treated before, or instead of, being abandoned. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Discharge: means the accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, releasing, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of liquid industrial by-product into the land, air, or water. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Display: means to put or set out to view or to make visible. See Michigan Laws 722.671

Disposal: means the abandonment, discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of a liquid industrial by-product into or on land or water in such a manner that the liquid industrial by-product may enter the environment, or be emitted into the air, or discharged into surface water or groundwater. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Disposal facility: means a facility or a part of a facility at which liquid industrial by-product is disposed. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Disseminate: means to sell, lend, give, exhibit, show, or allow to examine or to offer or agree to do the same. See Michigan Laws 722.671

Disseminate: means to sell, lend, give, exhibit, show, or allow to examine or to offer or agree to do the same. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Doctor: means a licensed doctor of medicine or a licensed doctor of osteopathic medicine and surgery. See Michigan Laws 446.71

Domestic purposes: refers to burning that is any of the following:

(i) A fire within the curtilage of a dwelling where the material being burned has been properly placed in a debris burner constructed of metal or masonry, with a metal covering device with openings no larger than 3/4 of an inch. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

Domestic septage: means liquid or solid material removed from a septic tank, cesspool, portable toilet, type III marine sanitation device, or similar storage or treatment works that receives only domestic sewage. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Domestic sewage: means waste and wastewater from humans or household operations. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Domestic treatment plant septage: means biosolids generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works and transported to a receiving facility or managed in accordance with a residuals management program approved by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Election: means an election or primary election at which the electors of this state or of a subdivision of this state choose or nominate by ballot an individual for public office or decide a ballot question lawfully submitted to them. See Michigan Laws 168.2

election precinct: as used in this act shall mean a political subdivision, the area of which is embraced in its entirety within the confines of a city, ward, township or village, and for which not more than 1 polling place is provided for all qualified and registered electors residing therein. See Michigan Laws 168.654

Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Michigan Laws 4.1121

Eligible export loan: means a loan by a participating financial institution located within this state the proceeds of which are restricted to the financing of eligible export transactions. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Eligible export transaction: means the sale of goods or services, or the development of goods or services for sale, outside of the United States by a person doing business in this state, which goods or services, in the judgment of the authority, have a substantial portion of their value created within this state and which sale or development, in the judgment of the authority, creates or maintains employment in this state. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Eligible medical condition: means Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, any other inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, pregnancy, or any other medical condition that requires immediate access to a toilet facility. See Michigan Laws 446.71

Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.

Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}

Erotic fondling: means touching a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if the person is female, breasts, for the purpose of sexual gratification or stimulation. See Michigan Laws 722.672

Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.

Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.

Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.

Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent

Exhibit: means to do 1 or more of the following:

(i) Present a performance. See Michigan Laws 722.671

Expenses: means expenses incurred by the legislator in connection with the discharge of his official duties. See Michigan Laws 4.511

Export insurance: means insurance made available by the authority to protect an exporter against a foreign buyer's failure to pay for goods or services for political or commercial reasons. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Extended family members: means that term as defined by the law or custom of the Indian child's tribe or, in the absence of that law or custom, means a person who has reached the age of 18 and who is the Indian child's grandparent, aunt or uncle, brother or sister, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, niece or nephew, first or second cousin, or stepparent and includes the term "relative" as that term is defined in section 13a(j) of chapter XIIA. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Extreme and loathsome violence: means real or simulated graphic depictions of physical injuries or physical violence against parties who realistically appear to be human beings, including actions causing death, inflicting cruelty, dismemberment, decapitation, maiming, disfigurement, or other mutilation of body parts, murder, criminal sexual conduct, or torture. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Facilitator: means a person that individually or in conjunction or cooperation with another person processes, receives, or accepts for delivery an application for a refund anticipation loan or a check in payment of refund anticipation loan proceeds or in any other manner materially facilitates the making of a refund anticipation loan. See Michigan Laws 446.113

Facility: means all contiguous land and structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on land for treating, storing, disposing of, or reclamation of liquid industrial by-product. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

facility: means a Michigan veterans' facility established under 1885 PA 152, MCL 36. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.

Farm operation: means that term as defined in section 2 of the Michigan right to farm act, 1981 PA 93, MCL 286. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

felony: when used in this act, shall be construed to mean an offense for which the offender, on conviction may be punished by death, or by imprisonment in state prison. See Michigan Laws 750.7

Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.

Financial institution: means a state or nationally chartered bank or a state or federally chartered savings and loan association, savings bank, or credit union. See Michigan Laws 446.113

firearm: except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive. See Michigan Laws 8.3t

Fiscal year: means a 12-month period fixed by statute, charter, or ordinance, or if not so fixed, then as determined by the department. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.

Flammable material: means any substance that will burn, including, but not limited to, refuse, debris, waste forest material, brush, stumps, logs, rubbish, fallen timber, grass, stubble, leaves, fallow land, slash, crops, or crop residue. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

Follow-up work: means forest practices to promote the survival of seeds or seedlings or the protection or enhancement of other work previously undertaken under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Food establishment septage: means material pumped from a grease interceptor, grease trap, or other appurtenance used to retain grease or other fatty substances contained in restaurant wastes and that is blended into a uniform mixture, consisting of not more than 1 part of that restaurant-derived material per 3 parts of domestic septage prior to land application or is disposed of at a receiving facility. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A

Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}

Forest improvement project: means any of the following:

(i) Production, processing, handling, storage, marketing, or transportation of forest resources, including sawmills, hardboard mills, power stations, warehouses, air and water pollution control equipment, and solid waste disposal facilities. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Forest management operations and practices: means activities related to the harvesting, reforestation, and other forest management, including, but not limited to, road access for silviculture activity and forest thinning, pest control, disease control, fertilization, forest protection, and wildlife management, that are consistent with principles of sustainable forestry. See Michigan Laws 324.50502

Forest management plan: means a written plan prepared and signed by a registered forester or a natural resources professional that prescribes measures to optimize production, utilization, and regeneration of forest resources. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Forest practice: means that term as it is defined in section 7jj of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Forest resources: means those products, uses, and values associated with forestland, including recreation and aesthetics, fish, forage, soil, timber, watershed, wilderness, and wildlife. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Forestland: means a tract of land that may include nonproductive land that is intermixed with productive land that is an integral part of a managed forest and that meets all the following:

(i) Does not have material natural resources other than those resources suitable for forest growth or the potential for forest growth. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Forestland: means a tract of land that may include nonproductive land that is intermixed with productive land that is an integral part of a managed forest and the owner of which agrees to develop, maintain, and actively manage the land as a private forest through planting, natural reproduction, or other silvicultural practices. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Forestry commission: means a forestry commission appointed by a municipality pursuant to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.52701

Foster home or institution: means a child caring institution as that term is defined in section 1 of 1973 PA 116, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.

Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}

Fund: means the landfill maintenance trust fund created in section 11302 . See Michigan Laws 324.11301

Fund: means the septage waste program fund created in section 11717. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Fund: means the commercial forest fund created under section 51112. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Fund: means the private forestland enhancement fund created in section 51305. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Generator: means a person whose act or process produces liquid industrial by-product. See Michigan Laws 324.12101

Genetic counselor: means an individual who is licensed under this part to engage in the practice of genetic counseling. See Michigan Laws 333.17001

Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.

Governing body: means the county board of commissioners of a county; the township board of a township; the council, common council, or commission of a city; the council, commission, or board of trustees of a village; the board of education or district board of a school district; the board of an intermediate school district; the board of trustees of a community college district; the county drain commissioner or drainage board of a drainage district; the board of the district library; the legislative body of a metropolitan district; the port commission of a port district; and, in the case of another governmental authority or agency, that official or official body having general governing powers over the authority or agency. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Governmental unit: means a city, township, charter township, county, or incorporated village. See Michigan Laws 446.203

Governmental unit: means a county, township, municipality, or regional authority. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Grant: means an amount of money provided by the authority to a nonprofit organization. See Michigan Laws 447.152

grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e

Guarantee: means a guarantee against loss, in whole or in part, of principal of and interest on an eligible export loan. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Guarantee amount: means the maximum amount payable under a guarantee which amount shall be specifically set forth in writing at the time the guarantee is entered into by the authority. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.

Guardian: means a person who has qualified as a guardian of a minor under a parental or spousal nomination or a court order issued under section 19a or 19c of chapter XIIA, section 5204 or 5205 of the estates and protected individuals code, 1998 PA 386, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Guardian ad litem: means an individual whom the court appoints to assist the court in determining the child's best interests. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Harmful to minors: means sexually explicit matter that meets all of the following criteria:

(i) Considered as a whole, it appeals to the prurient interest of minors as determined by contemporary local community standards. See Michigan Laws 722.674

Harmful to minors: means having all of the following characteristics:

(i) Considered as a whole, appeals to the morbid interest in asocial, aggressive behavior of minors as determined by contemporary local community standards. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Harvest: means that term as it is defined in section 7jj of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Health care provider: means an individual who is licensed or registered under this article. See Michigan Laws 333.17101

Health care trust fund: means a trust or fund created in accordance with the public employee health care fund investment act, 1999 PA 149, MCL 38. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Home state: means the state in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as a parent for at least 6 consecutive months immediately before the commencement of a child-custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q

Incompetent to proceed: means that a juvenile, based on age-appropriate norms, lacks a reasonable degree of rational and factual understanding of the proceeding or is unable to do 1 or more of the following:

(i) Consult with and assist his or her attorney in preparing his or her defense in a meaningful manner. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Indian: means any member of any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the secretary because of their status as Indians, including any Alaska native village as defined in section 1602(c) of the Alaska native claims settlement act, 43 USC 1602. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Indian child: means an unmarried person who is under the age of 18 and is either of the following:

(i) A member of an Indian tribe. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Indian child welfare act: means the Indian child welfare act of 1978, 25 USC 1901 to 1963. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Indian custodian: means any Indian person who has custody of an Indian child under tribal law or custom or under state law or to whom temporary physical care, custody, and control have been transferred by the Indian child's parent. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Indian organization: means any group, association, partnership, corporation, or other legal entity owned or controlled by Indians, or a majority of whose members are Indians. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.

Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.

Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}

Internet drop-off store: means a person, corporation, or firm that contracts with other persons, corporations, or firms to offer its personal property or other valuable thing for sale, purchase, consignment, or trade through means of an internet website and meets the conditions described in section 1(3). See Michigan Laws 446.203

Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.

Inventory: means goods, including company-produced promotional materials, sales aids, and sales kits, that a plan or operation requires participants to purchase. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Inventory repurchase program: means a program that does all of the following:

(i) Upon request, repurchases all current and marketable inventory in the possession of a participant within 12 months after the date of purchase, at not less than 90% of the original net cost, less appropriate setoffs, if any, when the participant's business relation is terminated. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Issuing court: means the court that makes a child-custody determination for which enforcement is sought under this act. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.

juvenile: means a person who is less than 17 years of age who is the subject of a delinquency petition. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.

Lawyer-guardian ad litem: means an attorney appointed under section 21 of this chapter. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}

Least restrictive environment: means a supervised community placement, preferably a placement with the juvenile's parent, guardian, relative, or a facility or conditions of treatment that is a residential or institutional placement only utilized as a last resort based on the best interest of the juvenile or for reasons of public safety. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Legal material: means any of the following:

(i) The state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 4.1121

Legislative body: means any board of supervisors, township board, city or village legislative body, or school district board. See Michigan Laws 324.52701

Legislative council agencies: means the bureau, commission, and any other legislative council agency designated by the council. See Michigan Laws 4.1102

Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).

Legislator: means a member of the senate or the house of representatives of this state. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Legislator: means a member of the senate or the house of representatives of this state. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Lender: means a person that makes a refund anticipation loan. See Michigan Laws 446.113

Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.

Licensed child caring institution: means a child caring institution as defined and licensed under 1973 PA 116, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.

Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.

Local authority: means an authority created under Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Local community: means the county in which the matter was disseminated. See Michigan Laws 722.674

Local community: means the county in which the video game was disseminated. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Local police agency: means the police agency of the city, village, or township, or if none, the county sheriff of the county in which the internet drop-off store conducts business. See Michigan Laws 446.203

local unit: means a municipality or county. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Majority leader: see Floor Leaders

Manufacturer: means a person that prepares, produces, derives, propagates, compounds, processes, packages, or repackages a drug or device salable on prescription only, or otherwise changes the container or the labeling of a drug or device salable on prescription only, and that supplies, distributes, sells, offers for sale, barters, or otherwise disposes of that drug or device and any other drug or device salable on prescription only, to another person for resale, compounding, or dispensing. See Michigan Laws 333.17706

MCI: means the Michigan children's institute created and established by 1935 PA 220, MCL 400. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Mental health code: means the mental health code, 1974 PA 258, MCL 330. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Metropolitan district: means a district incorporated under the metropolitan district act, 1929 PA 312, MCL 119. See Michigan Laws 168.17

Michigan opioid healing and recovery fund: means the Michigan opioid healing and recovery fund created in section 3 of the Michigan trust fund act, 2000 PA 489, MCL 12. See Michigan Laws 4.1850

Midwife: means an individual licensed under this part to engage in the practice of midwifery. See Michigan Laws 333.17101

Mileage: means cost of transportation via the shortest traveled route either by train, bus or private automobile from the residence of the legislator to Lansing. See Michigan Laws 4.511

Minor: means a person less than 18 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.671

Minor: means a person less than 17 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Minority leader: See Floor Leaders

Modification: means a child-custody determination that changes, replaces, supersedes, or is otherwise made after a previous child-custody determination concerning the same child, whether or not it is made by the court that made the previous child-custody determination. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j

Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.

Municipal security: means a security that when issued was not exempt from this act or former 1943 PA 202 by the provisions of this act or by former 1943 PA 202 or by the provisions of the law authorizing its issuance and that is payable from or secured by any of the following:

(i) Ad valorem real and personal property taxes. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Municipality: means a county, township, city, village, or school district. See Michigan Laws 324.52701

Municipality: means a county, city, township, village, or local authority, or a combination thereof. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Municipality: means a county, township, city, village, school district, intermediate school district, community college district, metropolitan district, port district, drainage district, district library, or another governmental authority or agency in this state that has the power to issue a security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Municipality: means a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Name that was formally changed: means a name changed by a proceeding under chapter XI of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 711. See Michigan Laws 168.3

National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}

Natural resources professional: means a person who is acknowledged by the department as having the education, knowledge, experience, and skills to identify, schedule, and implement appropriate forest management practices needed to achieve the purposes of this part on land subject to or to be subject to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

New merchandise: as used in this act shall mean all merchandise not previously sold at retail. See Michigan Laws 446.57

Nonindustrial private forestland: means a privately owned tract of land consisting of 20 or more acres, or the timber rights in the land if the timber rights have been severed, that has the productive capacity to grow on average not less than 20 cubic feet per acre per year and that meets either of the following conditions:

(i) For a tract of land that contains less than 40 acres, at least 80% of the land is occupied by forest tree species. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Note: means a note issued by a municipality pursuant to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Notes: means notes of the authority issued as provided in this part, including commercial paper. See Michigan Laws 324.50502

Nudity: means the lewd display of the human male or female genitals or pubic area. See Michigan Laws 722.672

Oath: A promise to tell the truth.

oath: shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed". See Michigan Laws 8.3k

Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.

Office: means the office of the legislative corrections ombudsman created under this act. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Office: means the office of the Michigan veterans' facility ombudsman created under this act. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Official: means an official or employee of the department of corrections. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Official publisher: means :

(i) For the state constitution of 1963, the legislative service bureau. See Michigan Laws 4.1121

Official tribal representative: means an individual who is designated by the Indian child's tribe to represent the tribe in a court overseeing a child custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Ombudsman: means the office of legislative corrections ombudsman. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Ombudsman: means the Michigan veterans' facility ombudsman. See Michigan Laws 4.771

On-site: means on the same geographically contiguous property, which may be divided by a public or private right-of-way if access is by crossing rather than going along the right-of-way. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Operating plan: means a plan developed by a receiving facility for receiving septage waste that specifies at least all of the following:

(i) Categories of septage waste that the receiving facility will receive. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Opioid advisory commission: means the opioid advisory commission created in section 851. See Michigan Laws 4.1850

Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.

Outstanding security: means a security that has been issued, but not defeased or repaid, including a security that when issued was exempt from this act or former 1943 PA 202, by the provisions of this act or by former 1943 PA 202 or by the provisions of the law authorizing its issuance. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.

Owner: means a person who holds title to the surface estate of forestland subject to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Parent: means any biological parent or parents of an Indian child or any person who has lawfully adopted an Indian child, including adoptions under tribal law or custom. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Participant: means an individual who joins a plan or operation. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Participating financial institution: means a bank as defined by the banking code of 1999, 1999 PA 276, MCL 487. See Michigan Laws 447.152

Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.

Pathogen: means a disease-causing agent. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Pawnbroker: means a person, corporation, or member, or members of a copartnership or firm, who loans money on deposit, or pledge of personal property, or other valuable thing, other than securities or printed evidence of indebtedness, or who deals in the purchasing of personal property or other valuable thing on condition of selling the same back again at a stipulated price. See Michigan Laws 446.203

Peace officer: means a sheriff or sheriff's deputy, a village or township marshal, an officer of the police department of any city, village, or township, any officer of the Michigan state police, any peace officer who is trained and licensed or certified under the Michigan commission on law enforcement standards act, 1965 PA 203, MCL 28. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Peace officer: means any law enforcement officer who is trained and licensed or certified under the Michigan commission on law enforcement standards act, 1965 PA 203, MCL 28. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Person: means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 446.113

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 446.163

Person: means an individual, corporation, association, partnership, governmental agency, or any other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 447.202

Person: means an individual, firm, partnership, association, corporation, unincorporated joint venture, or trust, organized, permitted, or existing under the laws of this state or any other state, including a federal corporation, or a combination thereof, but excluding a municipality, special district having taxing powers, or other political subdivision of this state. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l

Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, or government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation; or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Person acting as a parent: means a person, other than a parent, who meets both of the following criteria:

(i) Has physical custody of the child or has had physical custody for a period of 6 consecutive months, including a temporary absence, within 1 year immediately before the commencement of a child-custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Personal property: All property that is not real property.

Personal use: means use for any noncommercial purpose. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Petitioner: means a person who seeks enforcement of a child-custody determination or enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction. See Michigan Laws 722.1301

Physical custody: means the physical care and supervision of a child. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Physician: means an individual licensed to engage in the practice of medicine under part 170 or the practice of osteopathic medicine and surgery under part 175. See Michigan Laws 333.17101

Physician: means a physician who is licensed under part 170 or part 175. See Michigan Laws 333.17201

Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.

Plan: means the forestry development, conservation, and recreation management plan for state forests as provided for in section 52503. See Michigan Laws 324.52501

plant: means a tree, bough, shrub, vine, or other native plant, or a part of a tree, bough, shrub, vine, or other native plant, listed in subsection (1). See Michigan Laws 324.52901

Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.

Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.

Portable toilet: means a receptacle for human waste temporarily in a location for human use. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}

Practice of nursing: means the systematic application of substantial specialized knowledge and skill, derived from the biological, physical, and behavioral sciences, to the care, treatment, counsel, and health teaching of individuals who are experiencing changes in the normal health processes or who require assistance in the maintenance of health and the prevention or management of illness, injury, or disability. See Michigan Laws 333.17201

Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.

prescribed burning: means the burning, in compliance with a prescription and to meet planned fire or land management objectives, of a continuous cover of fuels. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

Prescription: means a written plan establishing the criteria necessary for starting, controlling, and extinguishing a burn. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.

primary election: as used in this act , shall mean a primary election held for the purpose of deciding by ballot who shall be the nominees for the offices named in this act, or for the election by ballot of delegates to political conventions. See Michigan Laws 168.7

Primary public safety answering point: means that term as defined in section 102 of the emergency 9-1-1 service enabling act, 1986 PA 32, MCL 484. See Michigan Laws 324.51501

Prisoner: means a person committed to or under the jurisdiction of the department. See Michigan Laws 4.351

Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.

Probate: Proving a will

Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.

Promote: means to contrive, prepare, establish, plan, operate, advertise, or otherwise induce or attempt to induce an individual to participate in a pyramid promotional scheme. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.

Prurient interest: means a lustful interest in sexual stimulation or gratification. See Michigan Laws 722.674

Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.

Publicly owned treatment works: means any entity that treats municipal sewage or industrial waste or liquid industrial by-product that is owned by the state or a municipality, as that term is defined in 33 USC 1362. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Pyramid promotional scheme: means any plan or operation in which an individual gives consideration for the opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from recruiting other individuals into the plan or operation rather than from the sale of products or services to ultimate users or from the consumption or use of product or services by ultimate users. See Michigan Laws 445.2582

qualified elector: as used in this act , means a person who possesses the qualifications of an elector as prescribed in section 1 of article II of the state constitution of 1963 and who has resided in the city or township 30 days. See Michigan Laws 168.10

Qualified forester: means that term as it is defined in section 7jj of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Qualified juvenile forensic mental health examiner: means 1 of the following who performs forensic mental health examinations for the purposes of section 1062 to 1074 of the mental health code, MCL 330. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Qualified restoration provider: means an individual who the court determines, as a result of the opinion provided by the qualified forensic mental health examiner, has the skills and training necessary to provide restoration services. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Qualified status: means a municipality that has filed a qualifying statement under section 303 and has been determined by the department to be qualified to issue municipal securities without further approval by the department. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Qualifying financial institution: means a state or national chartered bank, a state or federal chartered credit union, a state or federal chartered savings and loan association, or savings bank, or an institution under the farm credit act of 1971, Public Law 92-181, 85 Stat. See Michigan Laws 447.202

Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.

Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.

Reasonable and prudent parenting standard: means decisions characterized by careful and sensible parental decisions that maintain a child's health, safety, and best interest while encouraging the emotional and developmental growth of the child when determining whether to allow a child in foster care to participate in extracurricular, enrichment, cultural, and social activities. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Receiving facility: means a structure that is designed to receive septage waste for treatment at a wastewater treatment plant or at a research, development, and demonstration project authorized under section 11511b to which the structure is directly connected, and that is available for that purpose as provided for in an ordinance of the local unit of government where the structure is located or in an operating plan. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Reclamation: means either processing to recover a usable product or regeneration. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 4.1121

record owner: means a person, sole proprietorship, partnership, association, firm, corporation, or other legal entity, possessed of the most recent fee title or a land contract vendee's interest in the land as shown by the records of the county register of deeds. See Michigan Laws 41.721a

Reforestation: means adequate stocking of forestland is assured by natural seeding, sprouting, suckering, or by planting seeds or seedlings. See Michigan Laws 324.52501

Refund anticipation loan: means an extension of credit to a taxpayer that a person arranges to be repaid directly from the proceeds of the taxpayer's federal or state personal income tax refund. See Michigan Laws 446.113

Refunding security: means a municipal security issued to refund an outstanding security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Register: means to comply with the procedures of section 304 to make a child-custody determination enforceable in this state. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Registered forester: means a person registered under part 535. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Regular election: means an election held on a regular election date to elect an individual to, or nominate an individual for, elective office in the regular course of the terms of that elective office. See Michigan Laws 168.3

Regular election date: means 1 of the dates established as a regular election date in section 641. See Michigan Laws 168.3

Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.

Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.

Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).

Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.

Reservation: means Indian country as defined in 18 USC 1151 and any lands, not covered under that section, title to which is either held by the United States in trust for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Residence: as used in this act , for registration and voting purposes means that place at which a person habitually sleeps, keeps his or her personal effects, and has a regular place of lodging. See Michigan Laws 168.11

Resident veteran: means a veteran who is a resident of a Michigan veterans' facility or an individual who is a resident of a Michigan veterans' facility by virtue of the individual's relationship with a veteran. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Respondent: means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of a child-custody determination or enforcement of an order for the return of a child under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction. See Michigan Laws 722.1301

Response activity: means response activity as defined in part 201. See Michigan Laws 324.11301

Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.

Restoration: means the process by which education or treatment of a juvenile results in that juvenile becoming competent to proceed. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

Restricted area: means any of the following:

(i) An area where sexually explicit matter is displayed only in a manner that prevents public view of the lower 2/3 of the matter's cover or exterior. See Michigan Laws 722.671

Retail establishment: means a place of business open to the general public for the sale of goods or services. See Michigan Laws 446.71

Retirement program: means a program of rights and obligations which a county, city, village, or township establishes, maintains, or participates in and which, by its express terms or as a result of surrounding circumstances, does 1 or more of the following:

(i) Provides retirement income to participants. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Revenue: means money or income received by a municipality as a result of activities authorized by this part, including loan repayments and interest on loan repayments; proceeds from the sale of real or personal property; interest payments on investments; rentals and other payments due and owing on account of an instrument, lease, contract, or agreement to which the municipality is a party; and gifts, grants, bestowals, or other moneys or payments to which a municipality is entitled under this part or other law. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Rule: means a rule promulgated pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Sadomasochistic abuse: means either of the following:

(i) Flagellation, or torture, for sexual stimulation or gratification, by or upon a person who is nude or clad only in undergarments or in a revealing or bizarre costume. See Michigan Laws 722.672

Sanitary sewer cleanout septage: means sanitary sewage or cleanout residue removed from a separate sanitary sewer collection system that is not land applied and that is transported by a vehicle licensed under this part elsewhere within the same system or to a receiving facility that is approved by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

School board: means the governing body of a school district, including the board of trustees of a community college. See Michigan Laws 168.4

School board member: means an individual holding the office of school board member under the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380. See Michigan Laws 168.4

School district: means a school district, a local act school district, or an intermediate school district, as those terms are defined in the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380. See Michigan Laws 168.4

School district election coordinator: means 1 of the following:

(i) For a school district whose entire territory lies within a single city or township, the city or township clerk. See Michigan Laws 168.4

seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:

(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n

Secretary: means the Secretary of the Interior. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Security: means an evidence of debt such as a bond, note, contract, obligation, refunding obligation, certificate of indebtedness, or other similar instrument issued by a municipality, which pledges payment of the debt by the municipality from an identified source of revenue. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Septage waste: means the fluid mixture of untreated and partially treated sewage solids, liquids, and sludge of human or domestic origin that is removed from a wastewater system. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Septage waste servicing license: means a septage waste servicing license as provided for under section 11703 and 11706. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Septage waste vehicle: means a vehicle that is self-propelled or towed and that includes a tank used to transport septage waste. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Septage waste vehicle license: means a septage waste vehicle license as provided for under section 11704 and 11706. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Septic tank: means a septic toilet, chemical closet, or other enclosure used for the decomposition of domestic sewage. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Serious misdemeanor: means that term as defined in section 61 of the William Van Regenmorter crime victim's rights act, 1985 PA 87, MCL 780. See Michigan Laws 712A.1

service area: means the territory for which a receiving facility has the capacity and is available to receive and treat septage waste, except that the geographic service area of a receiving facility shall not extend more than 25 radial miles from the receiving facility. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.

servicing: means cleaning, removing, transporting, or disposing, by application to land or otherwise, of septage waste. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.

Sexual excitement: means the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal. See Michigan Laws 722.672

Sexual intercourse: means intercourse, real or simulated, whether genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex or between a human and an animal. See Michigan Laws 722.672

Sexually explicit matter: means sexually explicit visual material, sexually explicit verbal material, or sexually explicit performance. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Sexually explicit performance: means a motion picture, video game, exhibition, show, representation, or other presentation that, in whole or in part, depicts nudity, sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Sexually explicit verbal material: means a book, pamphlet, magazine, printed matter reproduced in any manner, or sound recording that contains an explicit and detailed verbal description or narrative account of sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse. See Michigan Laws 722.673

Sexually explicit visual material: means a picture, photograph, drawing, sculpture, motion picture film, video game, or similar visual representation that depicts nudity, sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse, or a book, magazine, or pamphlet that contains such a visual representation. See Michigan Laws 722.673

shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c

Shipping document: means a log, an invoice, a bill of lading, or other record, in either written or electronic form, that includes all of the following information:

(i) The name and address of the generator. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Silvicultural practices: means the management and manipulation of forest vegetation for the protection, growth, and enhancement of forest products. See Michigan Laws 324.51101

Sinking fund: means a fund for the payment of principal only of a mandatory redemption security. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Site: means a location or locations on a parcel or tract, as those terms are defined in section 102 of the land division act, 1967 PA 288, MCL 560. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Site identification number: means a number that is assigned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the department to a transporter or facility. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Site permit: means a permit issued under section 11709 authorizing the application of septage waste to a site. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Special election: means an election to elect an individual to, or nominate an individual for, a partial term in office or to submit a ballot question to the electors. See Michigan Laws 168.4

State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 4.1121

state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

State forest: means state land owned or controlled by the department that is designated as state forest by the director. See Michigan Laws 324.52501

State forester: means an employee of the department who has a 4-year degree in forest management from an accredited college or university and experience in forest management and who is designated as the state forester by the director. See Michigan Laws 324.50502

Statute: A law passed by a legislature.

Storage: means the containment of liquid industrial by-product, on a temporary basis, in a manner that does not constitute disposal of the by-product. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Storage facility: means a structure that receives septage waste for storage but not for treatment. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.

Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.

Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.

Surface impoundment: means a treatment facility, storage facility, or disposal facility or part of a treatment, storage, or disposal facility that is either a natural topographic depression, a human-made excavation, or a diked area formed primarily of earthen materials. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Sustainable forestry: means forestry practices that are designed to meet present and future needs by employing a land stewardship ethic that integrates the reforestation, managing, growing, nurturing, and harvesting of trees for useful products with the conservation of soil, air and water quality, wildlife and fish habitat, and visual qualities. See Michigan Laws 324.52501

Sustainable forestry: means that term as defined in section 52501. See Michigan Laws 324.50502

Tank: means an enclosed container placed on a septage waste vehicle to carry or transport septage waste. See Michigan Laws 324.11701

Target: means a person that purchases, rents, leases, or otherwise obtains a product or service in the commercial market that is not for resale in the commercial market and that is, or later becomes, the subject of the patent infringement allegation. See Michigan Laws 446.163

Taxpayer: means an individual who files a federal or Michigan personal income tax return. See Michigan Laws 446.113

Technical assistance: means direct on-site assistance provided to individuals. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Testify: Answer questions in court.

Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.

Timber: means wood growth, mature or immature, growing or dead, standing or down. See Michigan Laws 324.51301

Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.

Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.

Transportation: means the movement of liquid industrial by-product by air, rail, public or private roadway, or water. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Transporter: means a person engaged in the off-site transportation of liquid industrial by-product by air, rail, public roadway, or water. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Treatment: means any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any liquid industrial by-product, to neutralize the by-product, or to render the by-product safer to transport, store, or dispose of, amenable to recovery, amenable to storage, or reduced in volume. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Treatment facility: means a facility or part of a facility at which liquid industrial by-product undergoes treatment. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.

Tribal court: means a court with jurisdiction over child custody proceedings that is either a court of Indian offenses, a court established and operated under the code or custom of an Indian tribe, or any other administrative body of a tribe that is vested with authority over child custody proceedings. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Tribe: means an Indian tribe or band, or Alaskan native village, that is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

tribe: means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the secretary because of their status as Indians, including any Alaska native village as defined in section 1602(c) of the Alaska native claims settlement act, 43 USC 1602. See Michigan Laws 712B.3

Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.

Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}

Ultra-violent explicit video game: means a video game that continually and repetitively depicts extreme and loathsome violence. See Michigan Laws 722.686

Unfunded accrued health care liability: means the difference between the assets and liabilities of a health care trust fund as determined by an actuarial study according to the most recent governmental accounting standards board's applicable standards. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Unfunded pension liability: means the amount a defined benefit plan's liabilities exceed its assets according to the most recent governmental accounting standards board's applicable standards. See Michigan Laws 141.2103

Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}

United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

Used oil: means any oil that has been refined from crude oil, or any synthetic oil, that has been used and that, as a result of the use, is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.

Vehicle: means a transport vehicle as defined by 49 C. See Michigan Laws 324.12102

Veteran: means that term as defined in section 2a of 1885 PA 152, MCL 36. See Michigan Laws 4.771

Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.

Video game: means an object or device that stores recorded data or instructions generated by a person who uses it, and by processing the data or instructions creates an interactive game capable of being played, viewed, or experienced on or through a computer, gaming system, game console, or other technology. See Michigan Laws 722.673

village: as used in this act , shall mean an incorporated village. See Michigan Laws 168.9

Warrant: means a court order authorizing a law enforcement officer to take physical custody of a child. See Michigan Laws 722.1102

Waste: means a discarded solid or semisolid material, including garbage, refuse, rubbish, ashes, liquid material, and other discarded materials generated by residential, commercial, agricultural, municipal, or industrial activities, including waste from sewage collected and treated in a municipal sewage system. See Michigan Laws 324.11901

Waste management project: means 1 or more parts of a waste collection, transportation, disposal, or resource recovery system, including plants, works, systems, facility or transfer stations planned, designed, or financed under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.11901