1. If the articles or bylaws so provide, any action may be taken by written action signed, or consented to by authenticated electronic communication, by the members who own voting power equal to the voting power required to take the same action at a members’ meeting at which a quorum of members were present. If the articles or bylaws do not so provide, an action required or permitted to be taken at a members’ meeting may be taken by written action signed, or consented to by authenticated electronic communication by all of the members.

2. The written action shall be effective when signed or consented to by authenticated electronic communication by the required number of members unless a different effective time is provided in the written action.

3. When written action is permitted to be taken by less than all members, all members shall be notified within a reasonable time of its text and effective date. Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, a member who does not sign or consent to the written action has no liability for the action or actions taken by the written action.