Terms Used In New Jersey Statutes > Title 2A > Chapter 44

• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Almshouse: means a place where the poor are maintained at the public expense of a municipality or county, which has not established and does not maintain a welfare-house. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Almshouse: means a place for the maintenance of the poor at the public expense of a county or municipality, prior to the establishment of a welfare-house. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• alternative base year: means the last three completed calendar quarters immediately preceding his benefit year and, of the calendar quarter in which the benefit year commences, the portion of the quarter which occurs before the commencing of the benefit year. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annual payroll: means the total amount of wages paid during a calendar year (regardless of when earned) by an employer for employment. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• assessor: when used in relation to the assessment of taxes or water rents or other public assessments, includes all officers, boards or commissions charged with the duty of making such assessments, unless a particular officer, board or commission is specified. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Assistance: means money payments to or on behalf of eligible persons. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Average annual payroll: means the average of the annual payrolls of any employer for the last three or five preceding calendar years, whichever average is higher, except that any year or years throughout which an employer has had no "annual payroll" because of military service shall be deleted from the reckoning. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Average weekly wage: means the amount derived by dividing an individual's total wages received during his base year base weeks (as defined in subsection (t) of this section) from that most recent base year employer with whom he has established at least 20 base weeks, by the number of base weeks in which such wages were earned. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• base year: shall mean the first four of the last five completed calendar quarters immediately preceding the individual's period of disability, if the employment held by the individual immediately preceding the period of disability is no longer available at the conclusion of that period and the individual files a valid claim for unemployment benefits after the conclusion of that period. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Benefits: means the money payments payable to an individual, as provided in this chapter (R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• board: as used in this chapter shall mean the State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• budget: means the budget of a local unit. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• Budget authority: Authority provided by law to enter into obligations that will result in outlays of Federal funds. Budget authority may be classified by the period of availability (one-year, multiyear, no-year), by the timing of congressional action (current or permanent), or by the manner of determining the amount available (definite or indefinite).
• Budget resolution: Legislation in the form of a concurrent resolution setting forth the budget. The budget resolution establishes various budget totals, divides spending totals into functional categories (e.g., transportation), and may include reconciliation instructions to designated committees.
• Calendar quarter: means the period of three consecutive calendar months ending March 31, June 30, September 30, or December 31. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• census: means the latest Federal census effective within this State. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• certificate of authorization: shall mean a certificate issued by the board pursuant to this amendatory and supplementary act. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• certified mail: include private express carrier service, provided that the private express carrier service provides confirmation of mailing. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• check: means the instrument by which moneys of any local unit are disbursed. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• chief executive officer: means the county executive, county manager, county supervisor or president of the board of chosen freeholders, as appropriate to the form of government of a county, or the mayor, manager or commissioner, as appropriate to the form of government of a municipality, or the chairman, president, director or other chief executive officer of any other local unit. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• chief financial officer: means , except in the case of a municipality, the director of revenue and finance, comptroller, treasurer, collector or other financial officer of a local unit. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• clerk: means the clerk of a municipality or of a board of chosen freeholders. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• collector: when used in relation to the collection of taxes or water rents or other public assessments, includes all officers charged with the duty of collecting such taxes, water rents or assessments, unless a particular officer is specified. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• Contemplation of death: The expectation of death that provides the primary motive to make a gift.
• Contingent beneficiary: Receiver of property or benefits if the first named beneficiary fails to receive any or all of the property or benefits in question before his (her) death.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contribution: means any cash, property, services rendered, or a promissory note or other binding obligation to contribute cash or property or to perform services, which a partner contributes to a limited partnership in his capacity as a partner. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• contributions: shall include the contributions of workers pursuant to this section. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-7
• Controller: means the Office of the Assistant Commissioner for Finance and Controller of the Department of Labor and Workforce Development, established by the 1982 Reorganization Plan of the Department of Labor. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County adjuster: means the official of that designation authorized to act in the cases of commitment or admission of persons who have a mental illness to state or county psychiatric hospitals. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• County adjuster: means the official of that designation authorized to act in the cases of commitment or admission of persons who have a mental illness to State or county hospitals for the insane. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• County adjuster: means the official of that designation authorized to act in cases of commitment or admission of persons who have a mental illness to State or county hospitals for the insane. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• County welfare board: means the board of a single county authorized to have charge, supervision and control of a county welfare-house and the administration of the settlement and relief of the poor for such county and to supervise through a director of welfare such work for or in relation to the poor as directed or authorized. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• County welfare board: means the boards established within the several counties for the purposes of administering welfare to the needy, whether set up under the authority of this chapter or pursuant to any other laws of this State. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Court reporter: A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request.
• crew leader: means an individual who (aa) furnishes individuals to perform service in agricultural labor for any other entity. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• director: means the Director of the Division of Local Government Services in the Department of Community Affairs. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• Director of old age assistance: means the chief of the State bureau of assistance. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Director of welfare: means an employee of a county welfare board with authority to act for it and under its direction, and to act for and in lieu of overseers where there are none, and perform the functions of and replace the office of overseer. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Director of welfare: means the director of the county welfare board. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Disabled person: means any person entitled to relief under this chapter. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Division: means the Division of Unemployment and Temporary Disability Insurance of the Department of Labor and Workforce Development, and any transaction or exercise of authority by the director of the division thereunder, or under this chapter (R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• doctor of podiatric medicine: when used in this chapter. See New Jersey Statutes 45:5-1
• Dower: A widow
• Educational institution: means any public or other nonprofit institution (including an institution of higher education): (A) In which participants, trainees, or students are offered an organized course of study or training designed to transfer to them knowledge, skills, information, doctrines, attitudes or abilities from, by or under the guidance of an instructor or teacher. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Employer: means : (1) Any employing unit which in either the current or the preceding calendar year paid remuneration for employment in the amount of $1,000. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Employing unit: means the State or any of its instrumentalities or any political subdivision thereof or any of its instrumentalities or any instrumentality of more than one of the foregoing or any instrumentality of any of the foregoing and one or more other states or political subdivisions or any individual or type of organization, any partnership, association, trust, estate, joint-stock company, insurance company or corporation, whether domestic or foreign, or the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, trustee or successor thereof, or the legal representative of a deceased person, which has or subsequent to January 1, 1936, had in its employ one or more individuals performing services for it within this State. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Employment: means : (A) Any service performed prior to January 1, 1972, which was employment as defined in the "unemployment compensation law" (R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Employment office: means a free public employment office, or branch thereof operated by this State or maintained as a part of a State-controlled system of public employment offices. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• engineer-in-training: as used in this chapter shall mean a person who is a potential candidate for license as a professional engineer who is a graduate in an approved engineering curriculum of four years or more from a school or college accredited by the board as of satisfactory standing, and who, in addition, has successfully passed an examination in the fundamental engineering subjects, as defined elsewhere herein. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Event of withdrawal of a general partner: means an event that causes a person to cease to be a general partner as provided in this chapter, or in the partnership agreement. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal aid: means grants-in-aid to the State as provided for in the Federal Social Security Act, approved August 14, 1935, as amended. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• fiscal year: means the period for which a local unit adopts a budget, as required pursuant to the "Local Budget Law" N. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign limited partnership: means a partnership formed under the laws of any state other than this State and having as partners one or more general partners and one or more limited partners. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• General partner: means a person who has been admitted to a limited partnership as a general partner in accordance with the partnership agreement and named in the certificate of limited partnership as a general partner. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• governing body: means the governing body of a county or the commission, council, board or body having control of the finances of a municipality or any other local unit as defined herein. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hospital: means an institution which has been licensed, certified or approved under the law of this State as a hospital. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• in interest: shall mean a vote or percentage of a limited partner (in a class of limited partners) equal to the portion that partner's share in contributions to the partnership bears to the share in contributions to the partnership of all limited partners (of that class). See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Initial determination: means , subject to the provisions of R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Institution: means any establishment, whether in single or multiple dwellings, whether public or private, whether incorporated or unincorporated, whether for profit or nonprofit, operated at the direction of or under the management of an individual or individuals, corporation, partnership, society, or association, which furnishes food and shelter for 4 or more persons unrelated to the proprietor and which provides medical or nursing service or any other personal care or service beyond food, shelter, and laundry, to any 1 or more of such persons. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Institution of higher education: means an educational institution which: (A) Admits as regular students only individuals having a certificate of graduation from a high school, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• joint committee: shall mean the Joint Committee of Architects and Engineers established pursuant to the "Building Design Services Act" P. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• land information systems: means any computer coded spatial database designed for multi-purpose public use developed from or based on property boundaries. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• land surveyor: as used in this chapter shall mean a person who is a professional specialist in the technique of measuring land, educated in the principles of mathematics, the related physical and applied sciences, and the relevant requirements of law, all requisite to the practice of land surveying as attested by his license as a land surveyor. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• Last date of employment: means the last calendar day in the base year of an individual on which he performed services in employment for a given employer. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• legal transcriber: means a person who engages in "legal transcribing. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Limited partner: means a person who has been admitted to a limited partnership as a limited partner in accordance with the partnership agreement. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• local finance board: means the Local Finance Board in the Division of Local Government Services in the Department of Community Affairs. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• local unit: means a county or municipality. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• local unit: means any county, municipality, special district or any public body corporate and politic created or established under any law of this State by or on behalf of any one or more counties or municipalities, or any board, commission, department or agency of any of the foregoing having custody of funds, but shall not include a school district. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• magistrate: includes any judge, municipal magistrate or officer or other person having the powers of a committing magistrate. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• May: shall be construed to be permissive. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• May: shall be construed to be permissive. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• month: means a calendar month, and the word "year" means a calendar year. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Most recent base year employer: means that employer with whom the individual most recently, in point of time, performed service in employment in the base year. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• municipal corporation: include cities, towns, townships, villages and boroughs, and any municipality governed by a board of commissioners or an improvement commission. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• municipal public utility: means any water, sewer, electric power or gas system, or any combination thereof, or any public parking system, redevelopment, or any other utility, enterprise or purpose authorized to be undertaken by a local unit from which it may receive fees, rents, or other charges, and with respect to redevelopment utilities, incremental revenues authorized pursuant to section 11 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• oath: includes "affirmation. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Old age assistance: means assistance to aged needy persons as provided by this chapter, and, unless otherwise indicated, includes all programs of assistance for other specified classes of persons authorized to be administered by or through the county welfare boards. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Outlays: Outlays are payments made (generally through the issuance of checks or disbursement of cash) to liquidate obligations. Outlays during a fiscal year may be for payment of obligations incurred in prior years or in the same year.
• Overseer: means a person who is charged with the superintendence and relief or removal of the poor within the overseer's jurisdiction or found in the overseer's municipality, and means superintendent in all cases where a superintendent as defined in this section is authorized to act when there is no overseer. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Partner: means a limited or general partner. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Partnership agreement: means any valid agreement, written or oral, of the partners as to the affairs of a limited partnership and the conduct of its business. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Partnership interest: means a partner's share of the profits and losses of a limited partnership and the right to receive distributions of partnership assets. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• pay period: means a period of not more than 31 consecutive days for which a payment for service is ordinarily made by an employing unit to individuals in its employ. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Payments in lieu of contributions: means the money payments to the State Unemployment Compensation Fund by employers electing or required to make payments in lieu of contributions, as provided in section 3 or section 4 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• period of disability: means the period defined as a period of disability by section 3 of the "Temporary Disability Benefits Law" P. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• person: includes corporations, companies, associations, societies, firms, partnerships and joint stock companies as well as individuals, unless restricted by the context to an individual as distinguished from a corporate entity or specifically restricted to one or some of the above enumerated synonyms and, when used to designate the owner of property which may be the subject of an offense, includes this State, the United States, any other State of the United States as defined infra and any foreign country or government lawfully owning or possessing property within this State. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Person: means a natural person, partnership, limited partnership (domestic or foreign), limited liability company or other limited liability entity, trust, estate, association, or corporation. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal property: includes goods and chattels, rights and credits, moneys and effects, evidences of debt, choses in action and all written instruments by which any right to, interest in, or lien or encumbrance upon, property or any debt or financial obligation is created, acknowledged, evidenced, transferred, discharged or defeated, in whole or in part, and everything except real property as herein defined which may be the subject of ownership. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Poor person: means one who is unable to maintain himself or those dependent upon him. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Poor person: means a permanently disabled person who is without means of support as defined above. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• population: when used in any statute, shall be taken to mean the population as shown by the latest Federal census effective within this State, and shall be construed as synonymous with "inhabitants. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Principal office: means the place designated in the partnership agreement or the place of business of the limited partnership where the chief or principal affairs and business of the partnership are transacted. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public charge: means a person to whom it is necessary to furnish proper relief as provided in this chapter. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Public charge: means a person to whom it is necessary to furnish proper relief as provided in this chapter. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• real property: include lands, tenements and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• registered mail: include "certified mail". See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Remuneration: means all compensation for personal services, including commission and bonuses and the cash value of all compensation in any medium other than cash. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• responsible charge: as used in this chapter for professional engineers shall mean the provision of regular and effective supervision by a competent professional engineer who shall provide personal direction to, and quality control over, the efforts of subordinates of the licensee which directly and materially affect the quality and competence of the professional services rendered by the licensee. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• Secretary of State: refers to the State Treasurer, based upon the transfer of the functions, powers and duties of the Division of Commercial Recording, established pursuant to section 1 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Ship: includes vessels, steamers, canal boats and every boat or structure adapted to navigation or movement from place to place, upon the ocean, lakes, rivers or artificial waterways, either by its own power or otherwise. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• State: means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• State: includes , in addition to the states of the United States of America, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• State: extends to and includes any State, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia and the Canal Zone. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• State board: means the State Board of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• State board: means the State Board of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• State board: means the State Board of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• State division: means the bureau of assistance as set up within the Department of Human Services. See New Jersey Statutes 44:7-1
• State fiscal year: means the period commencing on July 1 and ending on June 30 in any municipality in which the fiscal year has been changed pursuant to section 2 or 3 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Superintendent: means the employee of a welfare board of a county or district authorized to act for it and under its direction and to act for overseers where there are none. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• surveyor-in-training: as used in this chapter shall mean a person who is a potential candidate for licensure as a land surveyor, who is a graduate in an approved surveying curriculum of four years or more from a school or college accredited by the board as of satisfactory standing, and who, in addition, has successfully passed an examination in the fundamental surveying subjects, approved by the board pursuant to section 9 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• sworn: includes "affirmed. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• taxing district: when used in a law relating to the assessment or collection of taxes, assessments or water rates or water rents, include every political division of the State, less than a county, whose inhabitants, governing body or officers have the power to levy taxes, assessments or rates. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• telecommunications: as used in this chapter , shall mean, as it is applied to the practice of engineering, subjects which deal with the generation, transmission, receiving, and processing of information bearing signals for the purpose of fulfilling a particular communication need. See New Jersey Statutes 45:8-28
• Temporary or outdoor poor: means poor persons who can be relieved temporarily at their domicile or without being maintained in an almshouse or welfare-house. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• territory: extends to and includes any territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia and the Canal Zone. See New Jersey Statutes 1:1-2
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• transition year: means the period beginning on January 1 and ending on June 30 in the calendar year during which the change in a municipality's fiscal year takes effect, as authorized under the provisions of section 2 or 3 of P. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:1-1
• Treasurer: means the State Treasurer of the Department of the Treasury. See New Jersey Statutes 42:2A-5
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Unemployment compensation administration fund: means the unemployment compensation administration fund established by this chapter (R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• United States: when used in a geographical sense in subsection R. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Wages: means remuneration paid by employers for employment. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• warrant: means the draft or check of any local unit used in warranting disbursement of moneys and shall, in every instance, be evidenced by the issuance of a check of the local unit. See New Jersey Statutes 40A:5-2
• Week: means for benefit years commencing on or after October 1, 1984, the calendar week ending at midnight Saturday, or as the division may by regulation prescribe. See New Jersey Statutes 43:21-19
• Welfare board: means the board of one or more counties authorized to have charge, supervision, and control of a welfare-house and to supervise through a superintendent such work for or in relation to the poor as directed or authorized. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Welfare-house: means a place where persons unable to care for and maintain themselves in whole or in part by reason of age, infirmity or poverty may be cared for and maintained in whole or in part at the expense of a county or municipality under the superintendent of a county welfare board in a county or portion thereof or districts composed of more than one county or portions thereof. See New Jersey Statutes 44:1-1
• Welfare-house: means a place where the poor are maintained at the public expense under the superintendence of a county welfare board in any county. See New Jersey Statutes 44:4-1
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.