Terms Used In New York Laws > Education > Title 6 > Article 85 - Instruction of the Deaf and of the Blind

• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: shall mean , if a business entity submitting an application for registration, the entity and all the principals thereof; if an individual submitting an application for a photo identification card, such individual. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Building: means a multi-unit building or buildings, or a group of buildings whether or not attached to each other, comprising a part of the property. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Commissioner: shall mean the commissioner of the New York city department of small business services. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Common charges: means each unit's proportionate share of the common expenses in accordance with its common interest. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Common expenses: means and includes:

  (a) Expenses of operation of the property, and

  (b) All sums designated common expenses by or pursuant to the provisions of this article, the declaration or the by-laws. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E

• Common interest: means the (i) proportionate, undivided interest in fee simple absolute, or (ii) proportionate undivided leasehold interest in the common elements appertaining to each unit, as expressed in the declaration. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Common profits: means the excess of all receipts of the rents, profits and revenues from the common elements remaining after the deduction of the common expenses. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Declaration: means the instrument by which the property is submitted to the provisions of this article, as hereinafter provided, and such instrument as from time to time amended, consistent with the provisions of this article and of the by-laws. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Department: shall mean the New York city department of small business services. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Employee: shall mean a person who works or who expects to work in a market on a full-time, part-time or seasonal basis for a wholesaler or market business, but shall not include persons hired to work on an occasional basis. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Excess shares: shall mean eligible aggregate employment shares that are apportioned pursuant to paragraph one of this subdivision to a relocation in excess of the limitation amount defined in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph for such relocation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621
• Federal prosecutor: A lawyer appointed by the President in each judicial district to prosecute and defend cases for the federal government.
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• limitation amount: shall mean :

  (A) for one or more relocations in an eligible business' latest year of relocation as determined pursuant to subdivision (j) of this section, the amount, if any, by which the number of aggregate employment shares maintained by the eligible business in the eligible area in the taxable year in which it is claiming the credit authorized by this article exceeds the number of aggregate employment shares maintained by it in the eligible area in the taxable year immediately preceding such year of relocation; or

  (B) for one or more relocations in a specified year of relocation that is not the latest such year of relocation by an eligible business, the amount, if any, by which the number of aggregate employment shares maintained by the eligible business in the eligible area in the taxable year in which it is claiming the credit authorized by this chapter exceeds the sum of (I) the number of total attributed eligible aggregate employment shares that are attributed in the taxable year in which the credit is claimed to relocations that took place in years of relocation later than the specified year of relocation and (II) the number of aggregate employment shares maintained by it in the eligible area in the taxable year immediately preceding such specified year of relocation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621

• market: shall mean any building, structure or place owned by the city or located on property owned by the city or under lease to or in the possession of the city or any part of a street, avenue, parkway, plaza, square or other public place designated as a public market by resolution of the former board of estimate of the city or a local law enacted by the city council to be used or intended to be used for the wholesale buying, selling or keeping of food, flowers or ornamental plants and shall continue to be public property notwithstanding that such public wholesale market is operated pursuant to a lease or other agreement with a non-governmental entity; except that the term "public wholesale market" shall not, unless otherwise set forth in this chapter, include any building, structure or place within the fulton fish market distribution area or other seafood distribution area as defined in section 22-202 of this code. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Market business: shall mean any business located or operating within a market that is engaged in providing goods or services to wholesalers or retail purchasers in such market that are related to the conduct of a wholesale business or the purchase of food or related agricultural products or horticultural products by retailers or others, or that receives such goods within a market for delivery, forwarding, transfer or further distribution outside such market. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Officer: shall mean any person holding an elected position or any other position involving participation in the management or control of a wholesale trade association or of a labor union or labor organization required to register pursuant to section 22-264 or section 22-265 of this chapter. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• Operation of the property: means and includes the administration and operation of the property and the maintenance, repair and replacement of, and the making of any additions and improvements to, the common elements. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Particular eligible premises: means the portion of such particular premises that meets the requirements for eligible premises specified in subdivision (e) of this section. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621
• Particular premises: means all premises occupied by an eligible business within a single building. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means a natural person, corporation, partnership, association, trustee or other legal entity. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Principal: shall mean , of a sole proprietorship, the proprietor; of a corporation, every officer, director and stockholder holding ten percent or more of the outstanding shares of the corporation; of a partnership, all the partners; if another type of business entity, the chief operating officer or chief executive officer, irrespective of organizational title, and all persons or entities having an ownership interest of ten percent or more; and with respect to all business

  entities, all other persons participating directly or indirectly in the control of such business entity. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251

• Property: means and includes the land, the building and all other improvements thereon, (i) owned in fee simple absolute, or (ii) in the case of a condominium devoted exclusively to non-residential purposes, held under a lease or sublease, or separate unit leases or subleases, the unexpired term or terms of which on the date of recording of the declaration shall not be less than thirty years, or (iii) in the case of a qualified leasehold condominium, held under a lease or sublease, or separate unit leases or subleases, the unexpired term or terms of which on the date of recording of the declaration shall not be less than fifty years, and all easements, rights and appurtenances belonging thereto, and all other property, personal or mixed, intended for use in connection therewith, which have been or are intended to be submitted to the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Qualified leasehold condominium: means any leasehold interest in real property intended to be used for either residential purposes, commercial purposes, industrial purposes or any combination of such purposes, together with any fee simple absolute or leasehold interest in the buildings and all other improvements which have been or at any time hereafter may be erected upon such real property, which has been or is intended to be submitted to the provisions of this article, provided that, on the date of the recording of the declaration: (i) the battery park city authority or the Roosevelt Island operating corporation is the holder of the tenant's interest in such leasehold interest or (ii) the Queens West development corporation is the holder of the landlord's interest in such leasehold interest or (iii) the Brooklyn bridge park development corporation is the holder of the landlord's interest in such leasehold interest, or (iv) the New York city educational construction fund is the holder of the landlord's interest in such leasehold interest for property located in the borough of Manhattan, in the city of New York, bounded on the east by Second Ave, on the west by Third Avenue, to the north by East Fifty-seventh Street, and to the south by East Fifty-sixth Street. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Revitalization area: means any district in the city of New York that is zoned C4, C5, C6, M1, M2 or M3 in accordance with the zoning resolution of such city in any area of such city except the area lying south of the center line of 96th Street in the borough of Manhattan. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• subdivider: shall include every person, partnership, corporation, company or association who or which engages directly or through an agent in the business of selling, leasing or offering for sale or lease subdivided lands and subdivisions to the public in this state. See N.Y. Real Property Law 337
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Total attributed eligible aggregate employment shares: means , for any relocation, the sum of the number of eligible aggregate employment shares apportioned to such relocation pursuant to paragraph one of this subdivision, less any excess shares determined with respect to such relocation pursuant to paragraph two of this subdivision, plus any excess shares attributed to such relocation pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-621
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• tuition: as used in this article and in the provisions of chapter ten hundred sixty of the laws of nineteen hundred seventy-four shall mean the per pupil cost of all instructional services, supplies, equipment and the operation of instructional facilities as determined by the commissioner. See N.Y. Education Law 4211
• Unit: means a part of the property intended for any type of use or uses, and with an exit to a public street or highway or to a common element or elements leading to a public street or highway, and may include such appurtenances as garage and other parking space, storage room, balcony, terrace and patio, but in no event may utility facilities such as those for water or sewerage treatment or power generation appear as single units. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Unit designation: means the number, letter or combination thereof or other official designations conforming to the tax lot number, if any, designating the unit in the declaration and on the floor plans. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Unit owner: means the person or persons owning a unit in fee simple absolute or, in the case either (i) of a condominium devoted exclusively to non-residential purposes, or (ii) a qualified leasehold condominium, owning a unit held under a lease or sublease. See N.Y. Real Property Law 339-E
• Visitor: shall mean a person who is neither engaged in nor an employee of a wholesale business or market business in the market who wishes to enter or enters a public wholesale market. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251
• wholesale business: shall mean any business engaged in selling food or related agricultural products or horticultural products at wholesale prices for resale by a wholesaler or retailer or for use by an institution or other similar establishment, whether or not such business also sells directly to the public, except that such terms as used in this chapter shall not include a "wholesaler" or "wholesale seafood business" as defined in section 22-202 of this

  code; provided, however, that a wholesale business to which customers do not regularly come to pick up purchases and that does not deal from such location primarily in perishable products shall not be subject, unless otherwise provided by rule of the commissioner, to the provisions of sections 22-252, 22-254 and 22-255 of this chapter. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251

• Wholesale trade association: shall mean an entity, the majority of whose members are wholesale businesses and/or market businesses, having as a primary purpose the promotion, management or self-regulation of a market or such wholesale businesses or market businesses within such market or the facilities utilized by such businesses, including, but not limited to a corporation, cooperative, unincorporated association, partnership, trust or limited liability partnership or company, whether or not such entity is organized for profit, not-for-profit, business or non-business purposes. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 22-251